Gender Differences in the Relationship Between the Nature of Intimate Partner Violence and the Survivor’s Help-Seeking

Although the prevalence and severity of dating violence among college students is well known, the relationship between past victimization and perceptions of future dating situations has not been examined. Using both qualitative and quantitative research methods, this study investigated gender differences in the relationship between intimate partner violence victimization and the perceptions of dating situations. The study found that the more psychological, physical, or sexual violence that was experienced by females, the more likely they perceived dating situations as inappropriate. Males, on the other hand, were more likely to report aggressive behaviors in dating situations only if victimized by sexual violence. Implications for professionals working with college students or community prevention programs are discussed.

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Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Survivors’ Help-Seeking

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260517715027 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (21-22) ◽

pp. 4558-4582 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Hyunkag Cho ◽

Dasha Shamrova ◽

Jae-Bum Han ◽

Polina Levchenko

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Study Results ◽

Intimate Partner Violence Victimization ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

The Relationship ◽

Informal Help

Intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors often do not seek critically needed help. A good understanding of the relationship between the pattern of violence and help-seeking is critical to developing adequate services for the survivors, as well as for reaching out to those who do not seek help. This study used the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey to examine how IPV survivor’s help-seeking varies, depending on the characteristics of the survivors and the pattern of victimization. Logistic regression analyses were conducted, with the survivors’ help-seeking and use of formal or informal help as the dependent variables. The study results show that women are the primary victims of IPV, that the pattern of victimization is associated with both whether survivors seek help or not, and which help sources they utilize, if any. IPV consequences are also associated with survivors’ help-seeking, as are demographic factors such as age, gender, race, and immigration status.

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Exploring Violence Socialization and Approval of Intimate Partner Violence Among University Students in Kosovo

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260517692336 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (5-6) ◽

pp. 1081-1107 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kaltrina Kelmendi ◽

František Baumgartner

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

University Students ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Ipv Perpetration ◽

Perpetrators And Victims ◽

The Relationship

Intimate partner violence (IPV) among university students is a prevalent problem in many countries; however, it is not currently recognized in Kosovo as a social issue in terms of research, prevention, and intervention. The aim of this article was to examine the relationship between violence socialization experiences, approval of violence, and IPV perpetration/victimization among university students in Kosovo. The questionnaires were administrated to a convenience sample of 700 students of University of Prishtina who were in relationship for 1 month or longer. The Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2) was used for measuring physical, psychological, and sexual violence, whereas for measuring violence socialization and violence approval, scales from Personal and Relationships Profile (PRP) were used. Findings from this study show that there were statistically significant gender differences in terms of socialization and approval of violence among university students. Similarly, perpetrators and victims of IPV (physical, psychological, and sexual violence) showed higher rates of socialization of violence and tolerance toward IPV. Besides, findings indicate that approval of violence mediates the relationship between socialization of violence and IPV perpetration and victimization, for both genders. The implications of the current findings within a cultural context are also discussed.

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An ecological study on the association between early childhood caries and intimate partner violence in 20 low- and middle-income countries: 2007-2017

AAS Open Research ◽

10.12688/aasopenres.13237.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan ◽

Mary O. Obiyan ◽

Maha El Tantawi ◽

Arthur Kemoli ◽

Ola B. Al-Batayneh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Ecological Study ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

The Relationship

Background: Women are the worst affected by intimate partner violence (IPV), and this impacts negatively on the health of the children they care for. This study aimed to determine the relationship between IPV and the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) in 3-5-year-olds. Methods: This was an ecological study using IPV (physical, sexual, emotional) data extracted from the Demographic Health Survey of 20 low- and middle-income countries and ECC data for 3-5-year-olds of the same countries for the period 2007-2017. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the percentage of 3-5-year-olds with ECC (outcome variable) and IPV indicators (physical, sexual, emotional). The model was adjusted for the country’s gross national income and the percentage of women with secondary or higher education. Partial eta squared (ηp2), regression coefficients, confidence intervals and p-values were calculated. Results: Data on ECC in 3-5-year-olds and IPV were available for six low-income-countries, 10 lower-middle-income-countries and four upper-middle-income-countries. The most prevalent form of IPV was physical violence (10.09%). The Democratic Republic of Congo had the highest prevalence of physical violence (45.8%), sexual violence (25.4%), and ECC (80.0%). The strongest association was between the prevalence of ECC and emotional violence (ηp2=0.01), followed by physical violence (ηp2=0.005), and sexual violence (ηp2=0.003). For every 1% higher prevalence of emotional violence, there was 0.28% higher prevalence of ECC, and for every 1% higher percentage of physical violence, there was 0.21% higher prevalence of ECC. On the contrary, for every 1% higher prevalence of sexual violence, there was 0.35% lower prevalence of ECC prevalence. Conclusions: The association between IPV and the prevalence of ECC in 3-5-year-olds is minor, with the strongest direct association effect being with emotional violence; and there was an inverse association between sexual violence and the prevalence of ECC. These findings need to be studied further.

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An ecological study on the association between early childhood caries and intimate partner violence in 20 low- and middle-income countries: 2007-2017

AAS Open Research ◽

10.12688/aasopenres.13237.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan ◽

Mary O. Obiyan ◽

Maha El Tantawi ◽

Arthur Kemoli ◽

Ola B. Al-Batayneh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Ecological Study ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

The Relationship

Background: Women are the worst affected by intimate partner violence (IPV), and this impacts negatively on the health of the children they care for. This study aimed to determine the relationship between IPV and the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) in 3-5-year-olds. Methods: This was an ecological study using IPV (physical, sexual, emotional) data extracted from the Demographic Health Survey of 20 low- and middle-income countries and ECC data for 3-5-year-olds of the same countries for the period 2007-2017. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the percentage of 3-5-year-olds with ECC (outcome variable) and IPV indicators (physical, sexual, emotional). The model was adjusted for the country’s gross national income and the percentage of women with secondary or higher education. Partial eta squared (ηp2), regression coefficients, confidence intervals and p-values were calculated. Results: Data on ECC in 3-5-year-olds and IPV were available for six low-income-countries, 10 lower-middle-income-countries and four upper-middle-income-countries. The most prevalent form of IPV was physical violence (10.09%). The Democratic Republic of Congo had the highest prevalence of physical violence (45.8%), sexual violence (25.4%), and ECC (80.0%). The strongest association was between the prevalence of ECC and emotional violence (ηp2=0.01), followed by physical violence (ηp2=0.005), and sexual violence (ηp2=0.003). For every 1% higher prevalence of emotional violence, there was 0.28% higher prevalence of ECC, and for every 1% higher percentage of physical violence, there was 0.21% higher prevalence of ECC. On the contrary, for every 1% higher prevalence of sexual violence, there was 0.35% lower prevalence of ECC prevalence. Conclusions: The association between IPV and the prevalence of ECC in 3-5-year-olds is minor, with the strongest direct association effect being with emotional violence; and there was an inverse association between sexual violence and the prevalence of ECC. These findings need to be studied further.

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Gender Differences in Intimate Partner Violence Victimization, Help-Seeking, And Outcomes Among College Students

Advances in Social Work ◽

10.18060/23675 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 22-44

Author(s):

Hyunkag Cho ◽

Jisuk Seon ◽

Ga-Young Choi ◽

Soonok An ◽

Ilan Kwon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Service Providers ◽

The United States ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Daily Routine ◽

Female Survivors

Many college students experience intimate partner violence (IPV). Although receiving help from formal and informal sources may ameliorate possible negative impacts of IPV victimization, the outcomes of help-seeking are not always positive. This study used survey data collected at six universities across the United States (U.S.) to examine gender differences in IPV, help-seeking, and its outcomes (n=3,070). Major variables included IPV victimization, IPV consequences, help-seeking, and outcomes. Descriptive and bivariate analyses revealed higher rates of victimization among females as well as poorer health status, higher levels of depression, and more daily routine problems. Females also used more formal help, and reported it as being useful more often than males. Inversely, more males than females reported that informal supports were helpful. Recommendations include social workers providing tailored services both for male and female survivors, service providers developing educational programs that target informal help sources, and social work education providing relevant trainings.

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An Interactional Perspective on the Relationship of Immigration to Intimate Partner Violence in a Representative Sample of Help-Seeking Women

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260509354511 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 25 (10) ◽

pp. 1815-1835 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Solveig Karin Bø Vatnar ◽

Stål Bjørkly

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Interactional Perspective ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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Intimate Partner Violence and Help-Seeking

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040/a000304 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 263-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Solveig Lelaurain ◽

Pierluigi Graziani ◽

Grégory Lo Monaco

Keyword(s):

Social Psychology ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Social Concern ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Inhibiting Factors ◽

Wide Range

Abstract. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global social concern: many women are affected by this phenomenon and by the difficulty of putting an end to it. This review of the literature aims to identify help-seeking facilitating and inhibiting factors in response to IPV. It was carried out on the PsycINFO and Medline databases using the following keywords: “intimate partner violence,” “domestic violence,” “help-seeking,” and “help-seeking barrier.” Ninety out of 771 eligible publications were included on the basis of inclusion criteria. The results highlight that (1) research on this phenomenon is very recent and underdeveloped in Europe, (2) theoretical and conceptual frameworks are poorly developed and extended, (3) there is a significant impact of violence characteristics (e.g., severity, type) on help-seeking, and (4) help-seeking is a complex and multifactorial process influenced by a wide range of factors simultaneously individual and social. To conclude, these findings lead us to propose a psychosocial conceptualization of the help-seeking process by indicating how the levels of explanation approach in social psychology can be applied to this field of research in order to increase our understanding of this phenomenon.

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Abusive Men's Use of Children to Control Their Partners and Ex-Partners

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040.12.1.54 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 54-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Marisa L. Beeble ◽

Deborah Bybee ◽

Cris M. Sullivan

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

The United States ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Anecdotal Evidence ◽

Multiple Variables ◽

The Relationship

While research has found that millions of children in the United States are exposed to their mothers being battered, and that many are themselves abused as well, little is known about the ways in which children are used by abusers to manipulate or harm their mothers. Anecdotal evidence suggests that perpetrators use children in a variety of ways to control and harm women; however, no studies to date have empirically examined the extent of this occurring. Therefore, the current study examined the extent to which survivors of abuse experienced this, as well as the conditions under which it occurred. Interviews were conducted with 156 women who had experienced recent intimate partner violence. Each of these women had at least one child between the ages of 5 and 12. Most women (88%) reported that their assailants had used their children against them in varying ways. Multiple variables were found to be related to this occurring, including the relationship between the assailant and the children, the extent of physical and emotional abuse used by the abuser against the woman, and the assailant's court-ordered visitation status. Findings point toward the complex situational conditions by which assailants use the children of their partners or ex-partners to continue the abuse, and the need for a great deal more research in this area.

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