Update on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Glutamate: A PMHNP Single Case Study Report of a Diagnostically Complex Adult Patient, Interventions, and Unexpected Outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 107839032110303
Author(s):  
Sherri Cofield Kroll ◽  
Carole Frances Bennett ◽  
Tarah Winter Klinefelter
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Continuous Family ◽  
Medication Regimen ◽  
Positive Screen ◽  
Case Study Report ◽  
Unexpected Outcomes

OBJECTIVE: While dysfunction of serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitters has been studied in depth, in regard to the etiology of mental illness, the neurotransmitter glutamate and its dysfunction is now being explored as contributing to neurodegenerative psychiatric diseases, schizophrenia, autism, depression, and Alzheimer’s disease. This article explains its synthesis, neurotransmission, and metabolism within the brain and subsequent dysfunction that is responsible for neurocognitive loss associated with several psychiatric disorders. METHOD: The case study will report on the screening for pseudobulbar affective (PBA) disorder in a 29-year-old male with bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual developmental disability who was experiencing extreme, uncontrolled emotional outbursts requiring continuous family isolation (pre-COVID-19) for safety. With the positive screen for PBA, the patient was subsequently treated with a glutamatergic drug, dextromethorphan/quinidine. RESULTS: The patient’s unexpected response to this treatment including the acquisition of language, increased cognition, and improved executive functioning is presented. At 2 years post the initiation of treatment, his PBA screening score is reduced, uncontrolled outbursts and aggression have subsided, and the family can spend time outside of their home. CONCLUSIONS: Neurodegeneration and its impact is being researched and treated with medications affecting glutamate. The addition of a glutamatergic medication to this young man’s medication regimen has improved both his and his family’s quality of life. The psychiatric diagnoses, medications, and treatments associated with glutamate are explained in depth. The importance of nurses’ understanding of glutamate, its synthesis, transmission, and dysfunction causing excitotoxicity and brain cell death and its impact on patients’ behavior and safety is explained.

Evaluating the alliance in videolink teletherapy

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 33-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Ghosh ◽  
P M Mclaren ◽  
J P Watson
Keyword(s):  
Working Alliance ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Working Alliance Inventory ◽  
The Face

The use of videoconferencing in psychotherapy remains largely unexplored. Videoconferencing compromises the range and quality of interactional information and thus might be expected to affect the working alliance (WA) between client and therapist, and consequently the process and outcome of therapy. A single case study exploring the effect of videoconferencing on the development of the WA in the psychological treatment of a female–male transsexual is described. The self-rated Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) was used to measure client and therapist perceptions of the WA after each session over 10 sessions of eclectic therapy conducted over a videolink. The serial WAI measurements charting the development of the WA in 4 cases of 10-session, face-to-face therapy by Horvath and Marx1 were used as a quasi-control. Therapist and client impressions of teletherapy are described. WAI scores were essentially similar to the face-to-face control group except for lower client-rated bond subscale scores. It is suggested that client personality factors accounted for this difference and that videoconferencing did not impair the development of an adequate working alliance or successful therapeutic outcome.

Online self-radicalisation: a case study of cognitive vulnerabilities for radicalization to extremism and single actor terrorism

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Little ◽  
Peter Ford ◽  
Alessandra Girardi
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Psychometric Testing ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Online Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cognitive Vulnerabilities ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Psychological Risk

Purpose Understanding the psychological risk factors in radicalisation and terrorism is typically limited by both a lack of access to individuals who carry out the acts and those who are willing to engage in research on the matter. The purpose of this study is to describe the process of self-radicalisation of an otherwise law-abiding individual who engaged in single-actor terrorism activities. Design/methodology/approach A single case study, based on clinical interviews and psychometric testing, of an individual with autism who engaged in multiple acts of terrorism through online activity. The case is presented within existing frameworks of radicalisation, and describes how it developed along the steps described in the path to intended violence. Findings A number of variables are identified as contributing towards the individual’s vulnerability to radicalisation, such as deficits in higher order cognition, psychopathology, autism spectrum disorder traits, personal interests, social isolation and life stressors. Originality/value Unique to this study is how the process of radicalisation and the possibility to carry out the individual’s attacks was made possible only through the use of internet technology.

A Systematic Quality Review of Technology-Aided Reading Interventions for Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 074193252110636
Author(s):  
So Yeon Kim ◽  
Mandy Rispoli ◽  
Rose A. Mason ◽  
Catharine Lory ◽  
Emily Gregori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Reading Interventions ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Students With Autism ◽  
Quality Of Research

Technology has been widely used to teach reading skills to students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the quality of research backing up this practice has not yet been fully investigated. The purpose of this review was to examine the quality of research on technology-aided reading interventions for students with ASD and summarize study characteristics of research studies with meeting the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) design standards. A total of 31 studies using group design ( n = 4) or single-case design ( n = 27) were systematically aggregated, and 16 studies (52%) met the WWC design standards. Study features related to participants, intervention, technology usage, and outcome variables were synthesized for these 16 studies. Results indicated that two types of technology (i.e., computer, iPad) were used to deliver reading instruction through software programs or support interventionist-directed reading instruction. Finally, implications for research and practice are discussed.

Developing an effective renovation plan: the influence of data collection tools

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoghogho Ogbeifun ◽  
Charles Mbohwa ◽  
Jan-Harm Christiaan Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Facilities Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
History Of

Purpose All built facility begins to show signs of deterioration immediately after the facility is completed and put to use, thus necessitating routine maintenance. Increase in defects due to age, usage, and other factors, requires extensive maintenance activities known as renovation. The data used for a typical renovation plan can be collected using the condition assessment (CA) tool which depends on physical inspection of the defects or through a facility condition index which hinges on harnessing and analyzing the information in the operational history of the facility. The purpose of this paper is to examine the quality of a typical renovation plan using both tools. Design/methodology/approach The single case study of qualitative research was adopted. The data were collected through the principle of semi-structured questionnaire complemented with interviews and document analysis. The documents include periodic operational reports and a CA report used for planned renovation exercise of the Facilities Management (FM) Unit in a higher education institution in South Africa. Findings The findings revealed that although the FM Unit produces periodic reports, but there was no evidence of detailed analysis of the reports. Therefore, the programmed renovation exercises are based purely on the information from a CA. Research limitations/implications This research is a single site case study of qualitative research; the data collected are limited and not sufficient for generalization of the results. Furthermore, the lack of record of the analysis of the operational history in the periodic reports negatively affected the computation of facilities condition index (FCI). Thus it was not possible to demonstrate the strength of FCI over CA from empirical information. Originality/value The quality of a typical renovation plan is influenced by the tool used for data collection. Although the CA tool is commonly used, experience shows that the renovation exercise developed from such records is prone to many execution setbacks, such as frequent scope changes and the associated cost and time overruns. These setbacks can be minimized if the FCI is used as the tool for data collection.

Capitalizing on technology for developing communication skills in autism spectrum disorder: a single case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veena Mohan ◽  
Suja Kurian Kunnath ◽  
Vineetha Sara Philip ◽  
Lakshmi Santha Mohan ◽  
Neethu Thampi
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Single Case Study

Cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of social skills deficits and social phobia in a man with an autism spectrum disorder: a single-case study

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Turner ◽  
Neil Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

AbstractAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) including high-functioning types such as Asperger's syndrome (AS) are diagnosed when there is evidence of a triad of qualitative impairments in social interaction, communication, and stereotyped/repetitive behaviours. It is not uncommon for these impairments to be accompanied by social anxiety. The present single-case study investigates the use of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) to treat a 47-year-old man who was assessed as having difficulties with social skills and social phobia in the context of a late diagnosis of AS. He received 20 h of CBT adapted for his AS in 15 sessions including a 1-month follow-up. Following a highly individualized formulation, treatment included modelling, role-playing, reinforcement, thought challenging, and behavioural experimentation. Results from five self-report measures showed continued improvements from the start of therapy to follow-up in social anxiety, global distress, depression and self-esteem. The client gave positive feedback about his experience of treatment. The case study is discussed with reference to limitations and some reflections for CBT in ASD.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MUSTADI UPANAHA AND TAILA DHARA IN AVASCULAR NECROSIS OF HIP JOINT: SINGLE CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4544-4548
Author(s):  
Sarmah Jyoti Manab ◽  
Mahor Bharti ◽  
Arse Reshma ◽  
Kumar Pravesh
Keyword(s):  
Avascular Necrosis ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Joint Dislocations

Avascular necrosis is a disease in which cellular death of bone component occurs due to interruption of the blood supply. Bone fractures, joint dislocations, alcoholism and long-term use of steroids are the commonly found risk factors of the disease. The disease generally happens in 35 to 60 years old population and commonly affects hip joint. About 10,000 to 20,000 people usually develop osteonecrosis of head of femur yearly in United States. This case deals with a diagnosed case of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in a 68 years old female. Patient had been suffering from pain in the left hip joint since 5 years. She had been under allopathic conservative treatment for her complaints, but symptoms aggravated rapidly since 4 months. So, for further management, she came to Out Patient Department of Panchakarma, Rishikul Campus where three sittings of local application of Mustadi Upanaha on left hip region along with Taila Dhara with Dhanwantaram Taila was performed. After three sittings, she got significant relief in joint pain and her quality of life. The assessment was done based on both subjective as well as objective parameters after each sitting. This study reveals that Panchakarma procedure like Mustadi Upnaha, Taila Dhara provided a significant relief in this case.

scholarly journals Ayurvedic Management of Kitibha Kushta w.r.t. Guttate Psoriasis - A Single Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Vishakha Shashikant Bindalkar ◽  
Vinod Ade ◽  
Saurabh Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Guttate Psoriasis

Guttate psoriasis is a type of psoriasis that presents over the upper trunk and proximal extremities, it is small (0.5 to 1.5 cm in diameter) lesions; it is found frequently in young adults. As per its clinical features we will compare with Kitibha Kushta. The life time prevalence is approximately 2% of individuals with psoriasis. Many treatment modalities have been adopted in medical sciences, but it is having various side effects. So here in this case by using Shodhan, Shaman and Bahirparimarjan chikitsa we successfully treated the case of Kitibha kushtha. It is a single case study, A 22 year male patient approached to Kayachikitsa OPD having complaint of multiple small red lesions over the chest, abdomen, and back region also on both upper limbs and Itching over them since 2 years.The patient was treated with Shodhan and Shaman Chikitsa. Patient got 90% result in chief and associated complaints and during and after the completion of therapy there is improvement in the quality of life of the patient. After Shodhana and Shaman Chikitsa patient got satisfactory relief in symptoms.

scholarly journals AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF MALE INFERTILITY (OLIGO ASTHENO TERATOZOOSPERMIA) DUE TO VARICOCELE; A SINGLE CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 420-430
Author(s):  
Ramesh Kumar K.L ◽  
Venkatesh.S
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
And Function

Male infertility is very commonly associated with Varicocele, which causes blood pooling, and it inhibits the production and quality of semen. Ayurveda offers a range of medical management opportunities, including Panchakarma chikitsa and Shaman Chikitsa. Viirechana helps to relieve testicular swelling. And other Shukra prasadaka, Shukra shodhaka and Shukrala dravyas have very good impact in the production and function of Shukra dhatu. A single case study has been successfully treated with absolute Ayurveda way of diagnosis and treatment.

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