A Comparative Clinical Study in the Management of Vataja Kasa w.s.r. to Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia by Shringarabhra Rasa and Shwasakasa Chintamani along with Mridu Virechana

Vataja kasa vis-à-vis T.P.E is a disease of Swasanavaha samsthana, is one of the commonest problem in tropical countries like India. India being a tropical country the prevalence of TPE is remarkable. Vatajakasa presents with symptoms like Shuska kasa, Prasakta vega, Uraha shoola, Ksheena bala, Ksheena oja, Kshamana etc. In Ayurveda, researches have been done and Vataja kasa can be compared with TPE. TPE symptoms such as repeated bouts of dry cough, chest pain, weight loss, and Malaise etc may continue for weeks or months with remission and reoccurrence. Methods: Classical signs and symptoms of Vataja kasa and raised esinophil count >500cells/cumm and 30 patients were selected and randomly allocated in two groups. Firstly, Shunti churna with hot water was given for Amapachana, later patients were given Kantakari ghrita for Snehapana prior to Virechana with Eranda taila in both the groups followed by Shringarabhra rasa in Group A and Shwasa kasa chintamani in Group B for 21 days with follow up of 1 month. Results: Both Group A and Group B provided highly significant results in all parameters of assessment but group B showed better improvement in the symptoms of the disease Vataja kasa in the present study. Interpretation and Conclusion: 15 subjects (50%) got marked relief, 5 subjects (16.66%) got moderate relief in subjective parameters; 20 subjects (66.66%) got mild relief and 5 (16.66%) subjects got moderate relief in objective parameter. Hence, the modalities of our treatment can be recommended to all the patients of Vataja kasa without any hesitation.

A CLINICAL UTILITY OF PRAKRITI PARIKSHAN- AN AYURVEDIC DIAGNOSTIC TOOL: A BRIEF REVIEW

Ayurveda is science of life. Prevention and cure of disease is the aim of Ayurveda. Prakriti is one of the major Ayurvedic principles derived from the Veda, Purana, Upanishad, and Darshana. Prakriti in Ayurveda refers to an individual’s inherent nature; an inborn inclination that governs consciousness and activity. Prakriti is supposed to be fixed in every person. It is influenced by the status of Tridosha, at the time of union of ovum and sperm. Also, an individual's Prakriti is determined based on the predominance of any single or a combination of two or three Dosha. Every individual, like genetic coding, has a different combination and is thus a distinct entity. In Ayurvedic texts different Acharyas have described different features of Doshaj, Manasa, Bhautika & Jatyadi Prakriti. For fulfilling the aim of Ayurveda and alleviating disorders in diseased states, knowledge of an individual's constitution and status of Dosha is required, and with this knowledge, we can prevent and cure disease stages by managing the diet, physical activities, and psychological conditions of the individual. Prakriti also determine an individual's reaction to environmental circumstances, lifestyle choices, medications, and illness susceptibility, making it one of the earliest known concepts in preventive and personalized or genomic medicine. To understand the pattern of susceptibility of an individual to different diseases, selection of drugs, their dose, drug reaction to the body, disease prognosis, course, and preventive measures, Prakriti analysis is performed first, followed by Vikriti analysis. Hence, Prakriti emphasizes uniqueness and plays a significant role in disease prevention and cure, as well as maintaining a healthy body throughout one's life.

Management of Vataja Kasa w.s.r. to Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia by Shringarabhra Rasa with Mridu Virechana

The clinical features of vataja kasa are oftenly compared to TPE are, Shushka kasa, Alpa kapha nishtivana, Swarabedha, shushka ura kantha vaktrata, Dourbalya etc. TPE is an occult form of filariasis and is characterized by dry cough, dyspnoea, nocturnal wheezing etc, and marked peripheral blood eosinophilia. This affects males and females at a ratio of 4:1 often during the 3rd decade of life. Keeping in view about the adverse effects of the modern sciences, an attempt was made to find an effective Ayurvedic treatment modality. Methods: 15 subjects with classical signs and symptoms of Vataja kasa and raised esinophil count >500cells/cumm were selected. After Amapachana by Shunti churna with hot water, subjects were given Kantakari ghrita for Snehapana prior to Virechana with Eranda taila followed by Shringarabhra rasa for 21 days with follow up of 1 month. Results: Shringarabhra Rasa with Mridu Virechana provided highly significant results in all parameters of assessment. Conclusion: It is found that the relief was highly significant after Mridu Virechana. It is found that the effect of therapy was highly significant on Shushka kasa and Shushka urah kantha vaktra.

The Effectiveness of Taalishadi Churna Compared with Sitopaladi Churna in the Management of Kasa

Introduction: Kasa is a Vata-kapha pradhana disease, caused due to Vata vimargagaman and Pranavaha shrotodusti. Due to the various similarities in its clinical presentation, Kasa can be correlated with cough (bronchitis). According to National center for health statistics, 62 million cases of common cold and cough occurs each year. Methodology: A total of 44 patients diagnosed as Kasa were randomly divided as per the lottery system of randomization. The patients of Group A were given 5 gram of Sitopaladi Churna twice a day for 30 days. The patients of Group B were given 5 gram of Taalishadi Churna twice a day for 30 days. The patients of both the groups were supposed to follow the dietary and behavioural advices. The response of the drug was assessed at pre-treatment and post-treatment time. Results: There was equal significant change in all of the Roga bala, Agni bala and Deha bala parameters by both Sitopaladi and Taalishadi Churna. It was revealed that all other blood parameters except Hb, TLC and Neutrophil count used in the study were not significant in both the groups. Both drugs were found equally highly significant (p< 0.0001) in Sushka kasa and Swarabheda. Sitopaladi churna was more effective in relieving Hritparswashool (p=0.002) whereas Taalishadi churna is more effective in reducing Pitanisthivanam (p=0.007). In case of Nirghosh, Sitopaladi churna was more effective (p<0.0001). On the other hand, Taalishadi churna was more effective in relieving Peenasa (p<0.001). Conclusion: Both Sitopaladi Churna and Taalishadi Churna were found to be equally effective in the treatment of Kasa.

Concept of Ekal Dravya Chikitsa (Single Drug Therapy) in Sushrut Samhita

Ayurveda is a holistic health care system which, aims to offer the user an optimum health by alleviating diseases and helps in maintaining, promoting health by advising proper daily and seasonal regimen along with rationalized therapeutics when indicated. A good physician is one who uses minimum substances for desired effect or maximum results. From ancient past, it has been revealed that Ayurveda had a vast knowledge in the field of application of medicinal plants. Medicinal plants have significant importance in human life as it helps in maintaining human health and in improving the quality of life. Also this application in the form of single dravya has also been evidenced in many of Ayurveda texts. Sushrut Samhita is one of the classical text of Ayurveda, basically a part of Brihatrayee, have been surviving from ancient time and considered to be an important treatise on medicine and surgery. It is one of the two foundational Hindi texts alongside the Charak Samhita, which includes knowledge about medicine as well as surgical training, instruments and procedures. Likewise in charak samita, use of EDC has been also mentioned in Sushrut Samhita for both inervention as well as surgical management of disease. Using Ekal Dravya for curing many disease has been mentioned in past by many of Aacharyas, considering Sushrut Samhita as the first Samhita of Ayurveda to use therapeutic interventions as well as surgical procedure for the management of clinical condition, It has been reviewed to assess the extent of use of EDC. Using single herb for managing diseased condition has been evidenced at various instances in Sushrut Samhita in conceptual as well as in applied form. This provides an evidenced based proof that EDC was mentioned in our ancient Ayurvea texts which now need to be explored, so as to minimize the load on biodiversity for using minium herbs in a disease where it is sufficed.

The Effectiveness of Goksuradi Guggulu and Varunadi Kwath with Goksuradi Guggulu in the Management of Mutrasmari w.s.r. to Urolithiasis

Introduction: Mutrasmari is considered as Astamahagada in Ayurveda in which there is formation of stone in the Mutravaha srota. It is an ancient disease with global distribution. The symptoms of Mutrasmari are excruciating pain in urethra, ureter, urinary bladder and over umbilical region, haematuria etc and later that may lead to emergence by the obstruction in urination. Hence on the basis of pathology and its clinical presentation the disease is correlated with Renal calculus or Urolithiasis in modern Urology. Methodology: 38 patients diagnosed as Mutrasmari were randomly divided in two groups as per the lottery system of randomization. The patients of Group A were given 1000mg Goksuradi guggulu twice a day for 45 days. The patients of Group B were given 1000 mg of Gokshuradi guggulu along with 45 ml of Varunadi kwatha twice a day for 45 days. The patients of both the groups were advised to follow the dietary regimen and lifestyle modification. The effect of the intervention was assessed before and after treatment. Result: The treatment outcomes were statically analyzed and found that both treatment groups were significant in relieving the symptoms like abdominal pain, burning micturition, dysuria and expulsion of renal culculi. 100% relief noted on Surudhir mutrata (Hematuria) where only single patient complaint had been registered as Hematuria in Group B. In case of Mutradaha (Burning micturation) there was mild improvement in group A and moderate improvement in group B. Similarly there was complete remission in Mahati vedana (Dysuria and Pain in abdomen) case in both Group A and Group B after the treatment. Conclusion: Gokshuradi guggulu along with Varunadi Kwatha shows more significant result than Gokshuradi guggulu.

ISOLATION OF ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCING BACTERIA FROM POND SOIL, GUDLAVALLERU

Soil being a major reservoir for microorganisms it is a source of interest for isolation of antibiotic producing organisms. The emergence of antibiotic resistance and need for better, broad spectrum antibiotics is always in high demand. In the present study, antibiotic producing bacteria were isolated from a local soil sample. Total ten soil samples were collected from local pond aseptically and subjected to serial dilution. Crowded plate technique was employed for the isolation of the colony. Total five isolated were isolated which exhibited zone of inhibition around the colony. The isolated colonies were subjected to morphological, microscopical and biochemical characterization. All five colonies were found to be gram positive, non-sporulating organisms and found they belong to the Actinobacteria class. The isolated colonies were subjected to screening for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Yeast by perpendicular streak method. The primary screening results conclude that except one colony all have good antimicrobial activity. One colony found to be highly potential activity which had inhibition towards gram positive, gram negative, sporulating and fungal activity. This study may contribute in providing information on the antibiotic producing microorganisms in soil. Further characterization, purification, and structural elucidation are recommended to know the novelty, quality and commercial value of these antibiotics.

TRIVIDHI KARMA IN SURGERY (SHALY TANTRA)

Detailed description about surgical procedure was given by Acharya Sushrut. Purva Karma, Pradhan Karma, and Paschat Karma are Trividhi Karma. Shastra Chikitsa is one of the prime equipment in which Trividh Karma i.e. Purva Karma (Pre-operative), Pradhan Karama (Operative, main action) and Paschat Karma play a crucial role in order to get fruitful result after surgery. According to Sushrut, Purva Karma means preparation of the patient along with collecting all the materials during Pradhan Karma. Asthvidhishastra Karma is included in Pradhan Karma. Paschat Karma includes all post-operative care. Paschat Karma includes care after surgery i.e., post-operative care of the patient. Every surgery is done under these Trividh Karma so that there will be better outcome after surgery. Acharya Sushrut well known as father of surgery in Ayurveda selected these three Karma wholly and solely for the benefit of patients who undergo through any surgical procedure because surgery not only includes main action (operation) but also care of the patient before and after surgery. He has also emphasized that aseptic and antiseptic precautions should be taken. The wound should be protected from dangerous and invisible creatures. Every surgical procedure is done under these three parts only. Each Karma has got its own importance. We cannot skip any of them and it is very important in order to get good result. Acharya Sushrut also emphasised on diet which is given before and after any surgery. He also explained about septic and antiseptic precautions to be done before, during and after surgery. He also mentioned about fumigation of patients ward after 7-10 days of surgery.

IMPORTANCE OF UPYANTRA IN SHALYA CHIKITSA

Ayurveda is considered as one of the best health science of ancient era. There are 8 branches of Ayureveda and Shalya chikitisa is the most important branch of Ayurveda due to its quick action (Ashukrye –Karnat). Shalya Chikitisa includes different surgical and para surgical technique which can be moulded depending upon the Immunity of Patients. Today in modern scenario, where advance Science & technology is going to its highest peak & medical Science is becoming emphasis on knowledge of Upyantra seems quite obsolete. Sometime the situation arise when we don’t have proper medical facility during natural calamities where giving medical faculty to every person in not possible. To combat such disastrous situation the knowledge of accessory medical equipment is very important so, that we can survive. Acharya Sushrut is considered “Father of Surgery” who know how to overcome such situation with his unique power of thinking when situation is opposite for survival. Acharya Dalhan, Acharaya Vagbatta, Achary Sushrut had explained different Yantra and Upyantra which can be used according to the patients immunity. In modern surgery there is no treatment option. They make patient to fit the available treatment but in ancient health science i.e., in Ayurved there are different way of treating patients depending upon their nature of body. Various types of Yantras used in Shalya Chikitsa includes Swastik Yantra, Taal Yantra samdansha Yantra, Shalaka Yantra, Naadia Yantra and Upayantra. These instruments place an at most role in the success of Shalya Chikitisa and without them the practical work of concept of Shalya Chikitisa cannot be made.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SHADGUNA KAJJALI AND SHADGUNA BALIJARITA RASASINDURA)

Analytical study of any drug is essential to standardize it. Analytical study is carried out to check drug quality. For this purpose some analytical tests are performed and their results are compared with standard parameters. The drug fulfilling these criteria can be taken as standard drug and can be used for therapeutic purpose. Percentage of total mercury in Shadguna Kajjali and Shadguna balijarita rasasindur was 40.03%, and 84.17%. Total Sulphur in Shadguna Kajjali and Shadguna balijarita rasasindur was 43.07% and 11.16%. Percentage of free sulfur in Shadguna Kajjali and Shadguna balijarita rasasindur was 22.11%. XRD of Shadguna balijarita Rasasindur were identified as Cinnabar (Hgs) with Hexagonal Crystal Structure having primitive lattice. In this paper Physico-Chemical Analysis of Shadguna Kajjali and Shadguna balijarita rasasindura is done.