scholarly journals Acute Oral and Dermal Toxicity of Ammnium Dinitramde (ADN)

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S35-S35
Author(s):  
E.R. Kinkead ◽  
R.E. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Dermal Toxicity

The Development and Evaluation of In Vitro Tests by the FRAME Alternatives Laboratory

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
Richard H. Clothier ◽  
Karen A. Atkinson ◽  
Michael J. Garle ◽  
Rachel K. Ward ◽  
Angela Willshaw
Keyword(s):  
Research Programme ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Dermal Toxicity ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
The Us ◽  
Detergent Association ◽  
Assay Methods

This review outlines the work which has been conducted in the FRAME Alternatives Laboratory during the first ten years of the FRAME Research Programme. A number of in vitro tests, including the kenacid blue, neutral red release and fluorescein leakage assay methods, have been evaluated and have subsequently been included in validation schemes organised by the US Soap and Detergent Association, the US Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association, the European Commission and the European Cosmetic, Toiletry and Perfumery Association, as well as in the Scandinavian multicentre evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity testing scheme. More recently, research has been undertaken in the areas of phototoxicity, immunotoxicity, dermal toxicity and intercellular communication, in addition to investigations into fundamental mechanisms of toxicity.

Screening of acute and sub-chronic dermal toxicity of Calendula officinalis L essential oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun K. Mishra ◽  
Amrita Mishra ◽  
Pragya ◽  
Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Dermal Toxicity ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Calendula Officinalis L

scholarly journals Assessment of Acute Oral and Dermal Toxicity of 2 Ethyl-Carbamates with Activity againstRhipicephalus microplusin Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Guadalupe Prado-Ochoa ◽  
Ricardo Alfonso Gutiérrez-Amezquita ◽  
Víctor Hugo Abrego-Reyes ◽  
Ana María Velázquez-Sánchez ◽  
Marco Antonio Muñoz-Guzmán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Dermal Toxicity ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Coagulative Necrosis ◽  
Gamma Glutamyltransferase ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
Dermal Application

The acute oral and dermal toxicity of two new ethyl-carbamates (ethyl-4-bromophenyl-carbamate and ethyl-4-chlorophenyl-carbamate) with ixodicide activity was determined in rats. The oral LD50of each carbamate was 300 to 2000 mg/kg, and the dermal LD50of each carbamate was >5000 mg/kg. Clinically, the surviving rats that had received oral doses of each carbamate showed decreased weight gain (P<0.05) and had slight nervous system manifestations. These clinical signs were evident from the 300 mg/kg dose and were reversible, whereas the 2000 mg/kg dose caused severe damage and either caused their death or was motive for euthanasia. At necropsy, these rats had dilated stomachs and cecums with diffuse congestion, as well as moderate congestion of the liver. Histologically, the liver showed slight degenerative lesions, binucleated hepatocytes, focal coagulative necrosis, and congestion areas; the severity of the lesions increased with dosage. Furthermore, an slight increase in gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine was observed in the plasma. The dermal application of the maximum dose (5000 mg/kg) of each carbamate did not cause clinical manifestations or liver and skin alterations. This finding demonstrates that the carbamates under study have a low oral hazard and low acute dermal toxicity.

scholarly journals 2: Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Ricinoleate

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-739 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectrum ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Dermal Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Patch Tests

Glyceryl Ricinoleate is the monoester of glycerol and ricinoleic acid. Castor oil contains 87–90% Glycerol Ricinoleate. Ricinoleic acid is metabolized by both β-oxidation and α-oxidation. Acute oral toxicity tests in mice indicated that Glyceryl Ricinoleate has an LD50 greater than 25.0 ml/kg and is, at most, mildly irritating to unrinsed rabbit eyes. This ingredient was not a primary skin irritant. Castor oil was nonmutagenic by the Ames test. Ricinoleic acid was not a carcinogen when tested in mice. In human single-insult occlusive patch tests, no indication of skin irritation potential was observed in the two products containing 5.6% Glyceryl Ricinoleate. The available data on Glyceryl Ricinoleate were insufficient to determine whether this ingredient, under each relevant condition of use, was either safe or not safe. The types of data required before a decision can be made include: (1) 28 day chronic dermal toxicity in guinea pigs, and (2) clinical sensitization and photosensitization studies (or an appropriate ultraviolet spectrum instead of the photosensitization data).

scholarly journals Levofloxacin Induced Stomatitis: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atousa Hakamifard ◽  
Sarah Mousavi ◽  
Tahereh Gholipur-Shahraki ◽  
Fatemeh Mohaghegh
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
Topical Therapy ◽  
Patient Experiences ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Productive Cough ◽  
Dermal Toxicity ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Epidermal Necrosis

Fluoroquinolones have many adverse effects include the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system, phototoxicity, and dermal toxicity. Levofloxacin has favorable adverse reaction profiles compared to other fluoroquinolones. Among the reported dermal toxicity there are few reports of toxic epidermal necrosis (TEN) in association with levofloxacin usage. However, there is no published study on levofloxacin induced stomatitis. Stomatitis is characterized by pain, inflammation, and ulceration in the oral cavity. A 36-year-old man was referred to the hospital for ‘painful oral swelling and ulceration’. Before the admission due to fever and productive cough, 750 mg levofloxacin were prescribed for him. After 2 days of consumption, the patient experiences painful ulcerative and erythema lesions in the oral cavity that consistent with stomatitis. Due to the possibility of a drug reaction, levofloxacin was discontinued and no other antibiotic was used. Oral lesions were managed with a mouthwash and after 5 days, lesions recovered. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case who developed stomatitis after two dose of levofloxacin and recovered just with topical therapy and without any systemic treatment. Caution is advised while administering these drugs.

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