Perceived Authenticity and Place Attachment: New Findings from Chinese World Heritage Sites

2021 ◽  
pp. 109634802110276
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Yi ◽  
Xiaoxiao Fu ◽  
Kevin Kam Fung So ◽  
Chunhui Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Place Attachment ◽  
Southern China ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Building on previous research that claims tourists’ perceived authenticity is an antecedent to place attachment, this study explored the relationship between the two theoretical constructs. Specifically, the mechanism between perceived authenticity, place attachment, and loyalty was empirically tested. The data were collected at Kaiping Diaolou and Villages, and the Old Town of Lijiang, two UNESCO heritage sites in southern China. Contrary to previous studies, the findings indicate that (1) perceived authenticity can be an antecedent to place attachment, (2) across both sites, tourists’ perceived authenticity of architecture or intangible heritage exhibited various effects on different components of place attachment, (3) the constituents of place attachment significantly influence loyalty, and (4) place attachment mediates between perceived authenticity and loyalty. This study provided a refined understanding of the dynamics between perceived authenticity and place attachment and offered practical implications for heritage management and marketing.

Understanding the Relationship between Component and Attribute of Cultural Landscapes: Case of Indian Music and Cultural Landscapes

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Balaji Venkatachary ◽  
Vishakha Kawathekar
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Systematic Understanding ◽  
The Relationship

The widely recognized definition of ‘Cultural Landscape’ in current practice is borrowed from UNESCO as Combined works of Nature and of Man.1 They are complex entities consisting of multiple layering of built-unbuilt components including intangible cultural aspects. These components are interrelated and interdependent. The landscape evolves together through combined natural and cultural processes. In current discourse and practice of heritage management, value-based assessment is a widely accepted approach. Evaluation of cultural landscapes for its Significance and Value is a complex process that requires an understanding of interwoven layers of components and attributes.2 Systematic understanding of such relationships between components and attributes is still in its infancy. Amongst various such identified intangible agencies, this study chooses to explore music. A study of secondary sources was undertaken. Cultural landscapes nominated as World Heritage Sites and identified Indian sites were systematically examined to understand various components and attributes. Using the indicators from this study and the theoretical framework of sociomusicology, a research design was prepared. Recognizing the historical association of music with the sites on the Kaveri river basin in peninsular India, a reconnaissance study was undertaken for onsite validation. Musical associations were spatially mapped for analysis and the findings are presented. Systematic understanding of the relationships between components of a cultural landscape and intangible cultural traditions is still in its infancy. The undertaken study is an exploratory work that focuses on understanding the relationship between components of a cultural landscape and ‘intangible attributes’, especially music. A study of secondary sources was undertaken in two parts. In the first part, concept of cultural landscape has been explored. Cultural landscapes nominated as World Heritage Sites were systematically examined to understand various components and attributes. The knowledge helped in formation of indicators for evaluation of cultural landscapes. In the second part of the study, selected case studies of Indian cultural landscapes were studies with the developed indicators. Musical traditions existing in these sites were theoretically reduced to basic components and mapped for analysis.

Challenges to sustainability in prospective world heritage sites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Kuzuoglu ◽  
Stella Kladou
Keyword(s):  
World Heritage ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Tangible Assets ◽  
Outstanding Universal Value ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Relationship

Heritage cities often build on their cultural assets to develop as destinations. Yet, the assets communicated to visitors usually present only part of the picture. Heritage cities often tend to possess a significant cultural value that is hidden from the prying eyes. This value is not only exhibited as tangible assets, but the accumulation of knowledge and experience in the culture-laden milieu is also central to the notion of heritage (Falser, 2015). Such intangible elements have found their way into international discussions in recent years (Vecco, 2010). Heritage cities, as living spaces, also embrace a cultural heritage inseparable from local communities, and in a broader perspective, from the whole of humanity. This perspective is central to the creation of World Heritage Sites (WHSs) seeking to protect the world’s heritage with Outstanding Universal Value under the umbrella of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (1972). In this process, however, the heritage assets inscribed as WHSs are nominated by national governments which, upon inscription, become the primary entity responsible for safeguarding their integrity. The primary motivation for this research is the centralized governance structure in developing countries and how this affects the potential to achieve sustainability through tourism development. Turkey is an example of such a centralized system in regard to tourism and heritage management (Yüksel et al., 2005) which includes the WHSs. In Turkey, WHSs are not only effective tools to aid foreign policy (Atakuman, 2010) but are also integral to culture-driven tourism strategy (Ozturk & van Niekerk, 2014). Despite inconclusive evidence in the literature on the relationship between proliferation of tourism and WHS status (Jimura, 2011; Poria et al., 2013), Turkey’s proactive relationship with UNESCO may be interpreted as reaffirming the perceived linkage between WHS status and visitation.

scholarly journals IDEE I ZAŁOŻENIA KONWENCJI O OCHRONIE DZIEDZICTWA KULTURALNEGO I NATURALNEGO I ICH REALIZACJA W POLSCE Z PERSPEKTYWY POLSKIEGO KOMITETU DO SPRAW UNESCO

2017 ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Sławomir Ratajski
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
Historic Monument ◽  
Wide Range

Over the years, the implementation of the Convention in Poland has revealed a number of issues related to protection of heritage in line with the patterns worked out at the UNESCO forum, and resulting from the incomplete adaptation of our legal system for the protection of historic monuments and sites, insufficient public awareness and the difficulty of incorporating historical sites into modern economic development strategies. The Polish UNESCO Committee addressed the above issues with a series of papers accompanying conferences participated in by a wide range of experts, decision-makers and local government activists at various levels. Observations concerning the application of the 1972 Convention, in particular with regard to legal protection of the world heritage sites in Poland, and the need to implement the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, and the 2011 UNESCO Recommendations on the Historical Urban Landscape, have convinced the Committee to review Polish legislation in terms of protection of heritage from the perspective of the UNESCO normative acts ratified by Poland. In 2014, we published a study on “Why and how to protect the cultural heritage ina modern way,” edited by the then-Chairman of the Polish UNESCO Committee, profesor Andrzej Rottermund. The paper presented a wide range of conditions for application of the existing legal provisions and expected changes, provided by various institutions and experts in the field of protection of tangible and intangible heritage and respect for cultural diversity. The need to developa new comprehensive law regulating protection of cultural heritage in Poland and taking into account the provisions of the UNESCO Convention was emphasised. What is particularly grave in application of the principles of the 1972 Convention is the lack of appropriate tools for managing world heritage sites. This includes, in particular: lack of legislation that would effectively protect the borderlines of the properties being inscribed and their buffer zones, view corridors and panoramas of sites of great historical significance. The lack of proper inclusion of local communities in the heritage management processes is a significant issue, according to the message of the 2005 Faro Council of Europe Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society.Article entitled “The Social Dimension of the Cultural and Natural Landscape”, issued in 2015, discusses issues concerning immediate vicinity of properties of great historical significance. It is stated that landscape is an integral entity consisting of natural elements and cultural heritage, which is understood as both tangible and intangible heritage. Consideration should be given to how notions occurring at the UNESCO forum evolved. Particular attention should be also paid to shifting from the concept of a historic monument to the concept of heritage, and the concept of historic monument protection to the concept of heritage management. It is also important to take into account the need for sustainable protection of the natural and cultural values of landscapes, both urban and rural.

The development of legal framework for the management of World Heritage Sites in Oman: a case study on Bahla Oasis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ali Mohamed Khalil ◽  
Eman Hanye Mohamed Nasr
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Content Type ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
The World ◽  
Heritage Legislation

PurposeThe study aims to analyze the development of Omani heritage legislation against the UNESCO World Heritage Convention (WHC), 1972 and WHC Operational Guidelines (WHC-OGs) to predict the possible effects of the recent developments on the management of the World Heritage Site in Oman.Design/methodology/approachThis study discusses the development of the heritage protection legislation in Sultanate of Oman since 1970; it analyses the Omani Cultural Heritage Law 35/2019 against the recommendations of the UNESCO WHC as well as the requirements of the World Heritage Operational Guidelines. Moreover, the research investigates the possible effects of the recent heritage legislation developments on the management of Bahla Fort and Oasis in Oman, which is the first Omani World Heritage Site and the only site with special management regulations.FindingsThe paper outlines the effects of both the Omani Cultural Heritage Law 35/2019 and the Special Management Regulations 81/2019 on the implementation of the Bahla Management Plan. Additionally, the research establishes how the customization of heritage legislation as a special heritage management regulation facilitates the implementation of national legislation to solve specific local problems.Originality/valueThe study establishes the significance of developing comprehensive legislation to protect and manage the rich Omani cultural heritage and World Heritage Sites in alignment with the WHC and the WHC-OGs.

Nonlinear impact of World Heritage Sites on China’s tourism expansion

2020 ◽  
pp. 135481662090488
Author(s):  
Yu-Xia Lin ◽  
Ming-Hsiang Chen ◽  
Bi-Shu Lin ◽  
Shu-Yin Tseng ◽  
Ching-Hui (Joan) Su
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Domestic Tourism ◽  
Inbound Tourism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Instantaneous Effect

Using domestic tourism data (1999–2014) and inbound tourism data (1999–2016), this research applies linear and nonlinear models to investigate the impact of World Heritage Sites (WHS) on inbound and domestic tourism expansion (TE) in terms of tourist arrivals and tourism receipts and then tests whether or not the impact of WHS on TE is instant. The results show a notable influence of WHS on tourist arrivals and tourism receipts and identify several differences between the impacts of WHS on inbound and on domestic TE. Moreover, the relationship between WHS and TE exhibits an inverted U-shaped curve. The optimal number of WHS for TE is four, and there is a significant instantaneous effect of WHS on domestic TE. Differently, the impact of WHS on inbound tourism shows a 1-year lag. Lastly, we perform dynamic regressions as a robustness check and discussion and implications are provided.

scholarly journals Refining the Adaptive Capacity Framework for World Heritage Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Montira Unakul
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
Organizational Relationships ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Learning Capacity ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Cognitive Frames

Well-developed in the context of climate change, the concept of adaptive capacity has so far not been applied extensively to the study of World Heritage management. This paper applies the analytic framework of adaptive capacity to better understand how institutional attributes enable or hinder systemic adaptation in managing World Heritage sites as boundaries of practice expand due to changing concepts of heritage and emerging management challenges. Drawing upon case studies from Southeast Asia, the study proposes a refined framework with the following dimensions of adaptive capacity: cognitive frames, learning capacity, resources, formal governance measures, organizational relationships, and agency.

World Heritage, Sustainable Development, and Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascall Taruvinga
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Local Levels

World Heritage and Sustainable Development are connecting, complex, and inseparable global concepts operating at the local levels of World Heritage sites in developing nations. World Heritage is defined as cultural and natural sites considered to have outstanding universal values (OUV) and are legally protected by international treaties, in this case the 1972 World Heritage Convention, which provide the criteria for inscribing such sites and for keeping them on the World Heritage List. World Heritage promotes conservation of such heritage for the benefit of humanity. Sustainable Development, however, refers to development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, and its implementation is largely directed by guidelines and principles endorsed by a broad range of stakeholders. Both concepts, World Heritage and Sustainable Development, have present and futuristic functionalities, but the former appears to be more emphasized than the latter in their application to heritage management. The present and futuristic functionalities of these two concepts constitute a complex but continuously evolving relationship that remains topical in the 21st century and beyond. As such, and in order to deepen our understanding the relationship between World Heritage and Sustainable Development, empirical analysis of their respective implementation at the local levels is a continuous process. Advancing the localization of World Heritage and Sustainable Development, including reducing theory into practice for the benefit of both conservation and the well-being of society, remains a mutually beneficiary process for both concepts. While conservation is premised on maintaining and retaining the significance of a heritage site, the well-being of society is driven by efforts toward meeting society’s diverse and growing needs on a daily basis. The balancing of World Heritage, Sustainable Development, conservation, and the well-being of society remains a contested but unavoidable engagement. All these aspects are still yet to find full acceptance and a localization matrix in the geo-socioeconomic and cultural contexts of Africa. Conservation and socioeconomic development for the well-being of society are viewed as issues that are as old as humanity itself. Both are embedded in the traditional management systems that guided protection of heritage and utilization of both renewable and nonrenewable resources available to communities in Africa. Therefore, these issues are a local phenomenon before becoming issues of global concern. While solutions from outside the context of these local phenomena may assist and bring good practices for World Heritage and Sustainable Development, they cannot be effective without being infused with local input and adaptation of local experiences to improve policy implementation. Understandably, the well-being of society has always been in existence and remains a priority; however, what is changing is the scale, diversity, and urgency of the needs of society due to multiple factors. Continuous research is required to find a balance between global processes and the local needs of society at World Heritage sites in Africa. The future of World Heritage in Africa lies in its adaptive ability to embrace continuously emerging local dynamics of sustainable development, offering alternative and creative solutions, embracing an inclusive stakeholder governance approach, and quantifying the contribution of heritage to development targets. World Heritage has to be part of a broader localized solution to local socioeconomic challenges in Africa.

Are World Heritage Sites Always Driving Tourism Demand?

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-453
Author(s):  
Yu-Xia Lin ◽  
Bi Yang ◽  
Bi-Shu Lin ◽  
Bing Pan
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shaped Pattern

Whether World Heritage sites (WHS) drive tourism demand is an ongoing debate. This study analyzes tourist arrival data at a provincial level in China from 1999 to 2014, and employs linear and nonlinear models to reexamine the relationship between tourism demand and the numbers of WHS. The results show that there is a significantly positive linear effect of WHS on both international and domestic tourist arrivals, and international tourism demand benefits more from WHS than domestic tourism. In addition, the effect of WHS on tourism exhibits an inverse U-shaped pattern where an optimal number of WHS exists. Finally, tourism specialization levels positively moderate the effect of WHS on tourism demand, and the relationship between WHS and tourism is not always positive.

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