Alterations in Antithrombin III Activity and other Blood Coagulation Parameters after Retinal Detachment Surgery

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Malukiewicz-Wiśniewska ◽  
M. Kotschy
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Coagulation Activity ◽  
Retinal Detachment Surgery ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Antithrombin Iii Activity

Purpose To evaluate perioperative changes in blood coagulation in patients undergoing retinal detachment surgery. Materials Prospective study of 56 patients, aged from 19 to 82 (mean ± S.D. 53 ± 16.8) years, undergoing retinal detachment surgery (encirclement with scleral buckling) under general anesthesia. Excluded were patients with venous or arterial disease and any other factors that could affect the parameters under consideration. Methods Blood was sampled from the cubital vein one day before surgery, immediately after induction of anesthesia but before surgery, immediately after completion of the operation but before the termination of anesthesia and on days 1 and 4 after the operation. We measured antithrombin III activity (AT III), platelet count, fibrinogen concentration, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT). Results Intraoperative AT III activity and platelet count were significantly lower, aPTT was shortened and PT prolonged, although all values remained within the normal range. These results indicate moderate activation of coagulation during retinal detachment surgery. On the first postoperative day coagulation activity was reduced, with increases in AT III activity, fibrinogen concentration and platelet count and prolongation of aPTT. Conclusions During retinal detachment surgery there is moderate activation of coagulation in the systemic circulation.

Effect of Heparin on Antithrombin III Activity During Delivery and Early Puerperium

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Rákóczi ◽  
B. Garadnay ◽  
L. Arnold ◽  
I. Gáti
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Heparin Treatment ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Antithrombin Iii Activity

It is known that antithrombin III (AT III) is the main inhibitor of blood coagulation. It inactivates thrombin and activated × factor. Heparin increases the AT III activity in vitro as well as in vivo. The authors have studied the AT III activity in sera of 30 pregnant women, at term, before labour started (2–24 hrs) and 30 as well as 60 min after the birth of placenta and daily for five days after delivery. The AT III activity was determined using the modified method of Gerendas. Out of the 30 women 15 were given 5000 IU heparin subcutaneously 1½—2 hours before delivery. In the 15 women with no heparin treatment AT III activity of serum significantly decreased after birth of placenta compared with the predelivery value and became normal on the fifth postpartum day. Heparin given subcutaneously prevented development of this decrease.

Effects of Human Antithrombin III on Mortality and Blood Coagulation Induced in Rabbits by Endotoxin

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (02) ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
D C Triantaphyllopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Bolus Dose ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Coagulation Parameters ◽  
E Coli ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Baseline Values

SummaryTwenty-one rabbits were infused with 20μg/kg/hr of E. coli endotoxin for 6 hr. Eight of the animals were preinjected immediately before the infusion of endotoxin, with a bolus dose of human AT III calculated to increase the antithrombin content of the plasma by about 4 units/ml. All eight animals which were preinjected with AT III survived, while 5 of the 13 control rabbits infused with endotoxin alone died. The changes in coagulation parameters from the baseline values, between the 8 control rabbits which survived and the 8 animals which were preinjected with AT III were compared. The concentration of the preinjected human AT III declined significantly faster (P: <0.01) than that of the native rabbit AT III. AT III prevented the decline of F.XII throughout the infusion of the endotoxin. However, the decline in F.V, fibrinogen, prothrombin and platelets was not affected (P: >0.5) by the injection of AT III.

On the Complex Formation of Antithrombin III with Thrombin

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (02) ◽  
pp. 280-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Binder
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Normal Human Serum ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Normal Human

SummaryBased on gelfiltration studies, the part of AT III which becomes bound to thrombin during the process of in vitro blood coagulation was calculated to be about 40% of total AT III. Complexes consisting of one AT III and one thrombin molecule could not be detected while fractions corresponding to molecular weights of about 190,000 Dalton show AT III as well as thrombin activities. The AT III - thrombin complex in normal human serum consists, therefore, of either 2 AT III and 2 thrombin molecules or of one AT III and 4 thrombin molecules.

Progressive Antithrombin and Fibrinogen The Antithrombin Time According to Innerfield and its Relation to Acute Pancreatitis

1961 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 256-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M Greep ◽  
E. A Loeliger ◽  
J Roos
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Antithrombin Iii Activity

SummaryInnerfield’s method of determining antithrombin III using plasma “defibrinated” by thrombin is submitted to criticsm. This method proves to involve insufficient defibrination: the higher the fibrinogen concentration of the plasma to be tested, the larger the fibrinogen remnant after “defibrination”. The residual fibrinogen interferes in the determinations of antithrombin III, as fibrin (antithrombin I) adsorbes thrombin; an increase in antithrombin III activity is suggested. This becomes manifest in all conditions associated with hyperfibrinogenaemia, including acute pancreatitis.

Antithrombin-III Activity and the Efficacy of Heparin in Progressing Ischemic Stroke

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Åsa Rödén-Jüllig ◽  
Mona Britton ◽  
Jan Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Heparin Therapy ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Antithrombin Iii Activity

Heparin is often used in progressing ischemic stroke. However, a substantial part of the patients continue to progress while on treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if antithrombin (AT) III activity before treatment could predict patients at risk for continued progression or if heparin-induced reduction in AT-III activity during treatment is related to continued progression. The study included 42 acute stroke patients with heaprin treatment for progression of isch emic stroke. The patients were continuously supervised for progression. Intravenous heparin therapy was started as soon as possible after the progression was noticed. Antithrombin-III activity was assessed before initiation of treatment and daily during the treatment period. Nine (21 %) of the 42 patients continued to progress while on treatment. There was no statis tically significant difference in AT III activity before treatment between patients who continued to progress and those where the progression ceased when treatment was initiated. Nor were there any differences in the mean AT III activity levels during treatment for patients with more or less favorable clinical course. The individual changes (Δ AT III) were similar in both patient groups as was the proportion of patients with their low est AT III activity in the thrombogenic range (continued: 22% vs. ceased: 27%). No clinically relevant influence of AT III activity on heparin efficacy in progressing ischemic stroke was found. Key Words: Stroke progression—Heparin treatment— Antithrombin activity.

Blood Coagulation after Long Distance Running: Antithrombin III Prevents Fibrin Formation

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (03) ◽  
pp. 430-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bärtsch ◽  
André Haeberli ◽  
P Werner Straub
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Fibrin Formation ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
At Iii

SummaryPhysical exercise causes shortening of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and euglobulin clot lysis time. To investigate whether this activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis leads to in vivo thrombin or plasmin action after long distance running, 19 well trained male runners (36-65 years) were examined 5 to 53 min after termination of a 100 km race and 5 days later after at least 1 day without physical exercise. Compared to the control examination aPTT was decreased (30.2 ± 2.8 vs 35.3 ± 3.0 sec) and the following parameters were increased after the race: betathromboglobulin (40 ± 16 vs 23 ± 7 ng/ml), thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) complexes (5.5 ± 3.4 vs 2.3 ± 0.7 pg/1), the fibrin(ogen) degradation products fragment E (57 ± 15 vs 35 ± 7 ng/ml) and B(3 15-42 (8.5 ± 2.5 vs 6.5 ± 2.5 ng/ml) (all p values <0.001). Platelet count, platelet factor 4, fibrinoepetide A (FPA) and haematocrit did not change significantly. Increased TAT complexes and unchanged FPA suggest that the generated thrombin was fully inactivated by antithrombin III (AT III) and did therefore not give rise to fibrin formation. The small increase of fibrin(ogen) degradation products indicates a minor in vivo activity of the fibrinolytic system. This investigation demonstrates the importance of AT III in the regulation of haemostasis in activated blood coagulation.

Antithrombin III Activity and Concentration in Diabetes Mellitus

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (02) ◽  
pp. 415-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
G M Patrassi ◽  
R Picchinenna ◽  
R Vettor ◽  
G Cappellato ◽  
D Coccarielli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Protein Glycosylation ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Antigen Concentration ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Antithrombin Iii Activity

SummaryAntithrombin III (AT III) levels have been reported to be low, normal, and high in diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, a dicrepancy between AT III activity and antigen concentration was reported. We have evaluated the behaviour of AT III activity and antigen level both in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, either in uncontrolled or in well controlled patients. AT III activity and antigen levels showed values similar to normal. No difference was seen between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Similar results were observed in the group of well controlled diabetic patients. AT III activity and antigen did not correlate with blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1). No difference was observed between AT III activity and antigen levels in any group. Therefore the hypercoagulable state found in diabetes mellitus does not depend on AT III modifications. A discrepancy between AT III activity and antigen was not confirmed. A dysantithrombinaemia, explained on the basis of an inactivation of protein glycosylation in diabetes mellitus has not been confirmed.

Endotoxin And Blood Coagulation In Patients With Traumatic- Haemorrhagic And Bacteriotoxic Shock

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Stemberger ◽  
F Straßer ◽  
G Blüimel ◽  
B v Hundel shausen ◽  
S Jelen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Haemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Septic Complications ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
At Iii

Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis was carefully monitored in patients suffering from traumatic-haemorrhagic shock. Parameters like antithrombin III (AT III),factor X (IIa), plasminogen,fibrin degradation products, antiplasmin and fibronectin were measured. It could be demonstrated that a severe haemorrhagic shock correlated with an activated blood coagulation and stabilisation of circulation was followed by normalisation of blood coagulation.However in patients developping septic complications new disorders in blood coagulation were observed. The appearance of endotoxins was measured by a recently developped limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL). Best results were obtained by diluting heat treated heparinized plasma samples followed by an incubation step with the X a substrate S-2222. Detection of less than 0.2 ng endotoxin/ml plasma could be achieved. The available data of 30 patients with traumatic-haemorrhagic and bacteriotoxic shock showed that the appearance of endotoxin mostly correlated with a decrease of AT III and fibronectin.In conclusion, AT III, fibronectin and endotoxin may serve as sensitive markers in the early diagnosis of sepsis.

Biocompatibility in Hemapheresis: Blood Coagulation

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bizzi ◽  
M.L. Foddai
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Artificial Surfaces ◽  
Subsequent Phase ◽  
And Function

Hemapheresis may influence the coagulation system with effects of activation and dilution. Dilution can lead to reduced levels of platelets, fibrinogen and antithrombin III. Activation initially causes increased clotting activity, but the consumption of the activated factors generally induces a subsequent phase of hypocoagulability. In the donor, apheresis diminishes platelet count and function, as well as the levels of many other clotting factors. Depletion of fibrinogen and antithrombin III are less transient than others because their rates of synthesis are lower. In spite of the wide variety in hemapheretic procedures, all of them (or at least, those that are the most commonly used) are associated with similar activation phenomena, that appear to be mediated by the formation of a fibrinogen layer on the artificial surfaces of the circuitry.

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