scholarly journals Factors Associated With High Blood Lead Levels in a Sample of 100 Children in Tehran

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117955651882545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasim Zamani ◽  
Narges Gholami ◽  
Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam ◽  
Fariba Farnaghi ◽  
Latif Gachkar
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Binary Regression Analysis ◽  
Lead Levels

Background: Lead is considered a neurotoxic agent. We aimed to evaluate the blood lead level (BLL) in young population and determine probable risk factors of lead exposure in Iran. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a total of 100 children were entered and their BLLs were checked. Results: In all, 25 and 8 patients had BLLs above 5 and 10 µg/dL, respectively. There was a significant univariate correlation between BLL and place of living, water pipe type, using dairy products, and stature in both cut-offs of 5 and 10 µg/dL. Binary regression analysis showed that pipe type was associated with high BLLs at cut-offs of 5 and 10 µg/dL, respectively. Also, there was an association between 50th percentile of stature for age and cut-off of 5 µg/dL. Conclusions: Higher BLLs may be seen in short stature pediatric population. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polypropylene water pipes may even cause more release of lead and result in higher absorption of this metal in the pediatric population.

scholarly journals Proximity of residence to an old mineral storage site in Chile and blood lead levels in children

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loreto Lisboa ◽  
José Klarián ◽  
Rosario Toro Campos ◽  
Verónica Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exposure Variable ◽  
Lead Levels

Evidence suggests that an old mineral storage site removed in 1998 due to high lead content, remains as a source of exposure in the city of Antofagasta, Chile. The aim was to determine the association between blood lead levels in children and the residential proximity to the old mineral storage site. A cross sectional study was conducted with 185 children aged 7 to 16 years. The outcome variable was blood lead levels measured in 2005. The exposure variable was the distance between the current residence and the old mineral storage site. The distance was measured in meters by Geographic Information System (GIS). The median blood lead level in 2005 was 3.3μg/dL (interquartile range ‒ IQR: 2.0-4.3). A significant inverse association was found between the residential distance to the old mineral storage site and the blood lead levels in children, after adjusting by confounders (β: -0.04; 95%CI: -0.09; -0.01). This result suggests that the old mineral storage site continues to be a source of lead exposure for the children living nearby.

scholarly journals Childhood Lead Exposure from Battery Recycling in Vietnam

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Daniell ◽  
Lo Van Tung ◽  
Ryan M. Wallace ◽  
Deborah J. Havens ◽  
Catherine J. Karr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soil Lead ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Battery Recycling ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Lead Levels

Background. Battery recycling facilities in developing countries can cause community lead exposure.Objective. To evaluate child lead exposure in a Vietnam battery recycling craft village after efforts to shift home-based recycling outside the village.Methods. This cross-sectional study evaluated 109 children in Dong Mai village, using blood lead level (BLL) measurement, parent interview, and household observation. Blood samples were analyzed with a LeadCare II field instrument; highest BLLs (≥45 μg/dL) were retested by laboratory analysis. Surface and soil lead were measured at 11 households and a school with X-ray fluorescence analyzer.Results. All children had high BLLs; 28% had BLL ≥45 μg/dL. Younger age, family recycling, and outside brick surfaces were associated with higher BLL. Surface and soil lead levels were high at all tested homes, even with no recycling history. Laboratory BLLs were lower than LeadCare BLLs, in 24 retested children.Discussion. In spite of improvements, lead exposure was still substantial and probably associated with continued home-based recycling, legacy contamination, and workplace take-home exposure pathways. There is a need for effective strategies to manage lead exposure from battery recycling in craft villages. These reported BLL values should be interpreted cautiously, although the observed field-laboratory discordance may reflect bias in laboratory results.

scholarly journals The correlation between uremic pruritus and blood lead levels in prevalent hemodialysis patients and its relation to the severity of pruritus using visual analog score

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Mahmoud Shawky ◽  
Reeham Abdel Aziz Abdel Hamid ◽  
Lina Essam Khedr
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lead ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Visual Analog Score ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Uremic Pruritus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Background Pruritus is a common and often distressing symptom in patients with chronic kidney disease. Though the pathogenesis of uremic pruritus remains poorly understood, systemic inflammation has presented itself as one of the possible explanations. High blood lead levels (BLLs) have been noted to be associated with inflammation and poor nutritional status in hemodialysis patients. Our aim is to study the relation between blood lead levels and uremic pruritus. This is a cross-sectional study that enrolled 50 patients; all were on regular hemodialysis 3 times per week for at least 6 months. Patients were divided into 2 groups, group 1 (n =10) with no pruritus and group 2 (n=40) with varying degrees of pruritus. Group 2 was further divided according to intensity of pruritus by visual analog score (VAS) into mild (n=10), moderate (n=20), and severe pruritus (n=10). Results There was a significant difference in serum lead levels and ferritin levels between groups 1 and 2 (p value < 0.01 and < 0.05, respectively). There was a statistically significant difference in serum lead levels in the groups with varying intensity of pruritus, having higher serum lead levels in patients who exhibited severe pruritus (p value < 0.005) Moreover, a statistically significant relation between elevated blood lead levels and the duration of dialysis was observed in this study. Conclusion Uremic pruritus is a multi-factorial phenomenon, and our study showed that blood lead levels in hemodialysis patients might be associated with increased intensity of pruritus.

Evaluation of blood lead among painters of buildings and cars

2021 ◽  
pp. 074823372110427
Author(s):  
Ali Ghaffarian-Bahraman ◽  
Alireza Taherifard ◽  
Abbas Esmaeili ◽  
Hassan Ahmadinia ◽  
Mohsen Rezaeian
Keyword(s):  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Exposure to lead-based paints is a major threat to the health of painters. This study aimed to evaluate the blood concentration of lead (Pb) in painters of buildings and cars. The present study was a cross-sectional study in which a semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic information. Lead concentration in blood samples was determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry method. A total of 32 male painters were selected based on inclusion criteria. The mean blood lead level (BLL) in the painters was 8.1 ± 4.93 μg/dL. Pb levels in car and building painters were 9.42 ± 5.5 μg/dL and 6.7 ± 1.85 μg/dL, respectively. Pb concentration in none of the blood samples was more than 30 μg/dL. The prevalence of BLL ≥ 5 μg/dL and BLL ≥ 10 μg/dL was 97% and 19%, respectively. According to the findings, the rate of BLL among car painters was higher than building painters. Considering the presence of Pb in all blood samples, it seems necessary to increase the awareness of painters about the adverse effects of lead exposure even in low concentrations. However, the sample size in this study was small and more investigations are required in this regard.

Lead screening in children presenting to three hospitals in Lebanon

2021 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2021-322012
Author(s):  
Tharwat El Zahran ◽  
Hala Mostafa ◽  
Hani Hamade ◽  
Moustafa Al Hariri ◽  
Aed Saab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lead ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leaded Gasoline ◽  
Traditional Remedies ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nationally Representative

BackgroundLead damages most body organs and its effects are most profound in children. In a study in Beirut in 2003, before banning the leaded gasoline, 79% of the participants showed blood lead levels (BLLs) higher than 5 µg/dL. The prevalence of lead exposure in Lebanon after the ban on leaded gasoline has not been studied. This study assessed the BLL in Lebanese children aged 1–6 years.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in three hospitals in Beirut. The children’s BLLs were tested, and their caregiver completed a questionnaire to identify subgroups at risk of exposure. Participants were provided with a WHO brochure highlighting the risks of lead.ResultsNinety children with a mean age of 3.5±1.5 years were enrolled in the study and had a mean BLL of 1.1±0.7 µg/dL, with all values being below 5.0 µg/dL, showing a marked decrease in BLL compared with the mean BLL before the ban on leaded gasoline in 2002. Having a father or a mother with a college degree (p=0.01 and p=0.035, respectively) and having a monthly household income greater than $1000 (p=0.021) were associated with significantly lower BLL. Having more rooms at home and residing close to construction sites were associated with a significantly lower BLL (p=0.001 and p=0.026, respectively). Residing in a house aged >40 years and receiving traditional remedies were associated with a significantly higher BLL (p=0.009 and p<0.0001, respectively).ConclusionBLLs have declined among Lebanese children and this could be attributed to multiple factors including the ban of leaded gasoline. It would be beneficial to conduct a larger study with a nationally representative sample to better characterise the BLL.

Identification of Children At Risk for Lead Poisoning: An Evaluation of Routine Pediatric Blood Lead Screening in an HMO-Insured Population

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary N. Haan ◽  
Marianne Gerson ◽  
B. Anne Zishka
Keyword(s):  
Health Maintenance Organization ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Elevated Blood Lead Levels

Objectives. To estimate the prevalence of elevated blood lead levels in children receiving well-care checkups; and to evaluate the effectiveness of certain key risk factors in detecting children at higher risk for elevated blood lead levels. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Two facilities of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (KPMCP) health maintenance organization (HMO), northern California region. Patients. Six hundred thirty-six children, aged 12 to 60 months, who were seen at four KPMCP facilities in two subregions for a well-care checkup from September 1991 through August 1992. Interventions. Blood samples were collected from each child and analyzed for lead content. Participating parents completed a questionnaire that included questions recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) about the child's and the parents' lead exposure via home, workplace, and hobbies. Results. Ninety-six percent of the children had blood lead levels under 10 µ/dL. Blood lead levels declined with increasing age and were higher for black children compared with whites. Age of residential housing, mother's education, and residence in an old house with peeling paint had low sensitivity and positive predictive value for identifying children with blood lead levels over 10 µ/dL. Conclusion. Universal routine screening for elevated blood lead levels in children in an employed, HMO-insured population is not warranted on grounds of prevalence. Responses to CDC questions do not effectively identify high-risk children in this population.

scholarly journals Contemporary blood lead levels of children aged 0–84 months in China: A national cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 105288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Ming Li ◽  
Zhen-Yan Gao ◽  
Chen-Yin Dong ◽  
Mei-Qin Wu ◽  
Jin Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lead ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lead Levels

scholarly journals Examining the relationship between blood lead level and stunting, wasting and underweight- A cross-sectional study of children under 2 years-of-age in a Bangladeshi slum

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. e0197856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Jyoti Raihan ◽  
Emily Briskin ◽  
Mustafa Mahfuz ◽  
M. Munirul Islam ◽  
Dinesh Mondal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Environmental Lead Exposure, Catalase Gene, and Markers of Antioxidant and Oxidative Stress Relation to Hypertension: An Analysis Based on the EGAT Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jintana Sirivarasai ◽  
Sukhumpun Kaojarern ◽  
Suwannee Chanprasertyothin ◽  
Pachara Panpunuan ◽  
Krittaya Petchpoung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cat Gene

Lead has been linked to the development of hypertension via oxidative stress. Catalase plays an important role in the disposal of hydrogen peroxide in erythrocyte and its activity was determined by CAT gene. The aims of this study were to investigate (1) the association between blood levels of antioxidant markers such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, oxidative stress-marker (malondialdehyde), and blood lead level and (2) the influence of genetic polymorphism of CAT gene (rs769217) on change in blood pressure in general population of EGAT study project. This is a cross-sectional study of 332 normotensive, 432 prehypertensive, and 222 hypertensive male subjects. Hypertensive subjects had significantly higher blood lead level (5.28 μg/dL) compared to normotensive (4.41 μg/dL) and prehypertensive (4.55 μg/dL) subjects (P<0.05). These significant findings are also found in MDA levels. Moreover, individuals with TT genotype in hypertensive group had significantly higher blood lead and MDA levels (6.06 μg/dL and 9.67 μmol/L) than those with CC genotype (5.32 μg/dL and 8.31 μmol/L,P<0.05). Our findings suggested that decreased blood catalase activity in this polymorphism together with low level lead exposure induced lipid peroxidation may be responsible for hypertension.

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