The Existential Struggle of Second-Generation Turkish Immigrants in Kreuzberg

The second generation of Turks to migrate to Germany played a crucial role in recasting the migration experience of the 1960s into a unique diasporic culture. This research, which takes the Kreuzberg district of Berlin as a center of the Turkish diaspora’s ongoing maneuvering for existence, shows how in various stages of migration history, the second generation’s narratives transect the quarter’s own sociopolitical history and spatiotemporal change. It notes three crossroads. The first is when the Turkish diaspora stakes a claim as an independent power within hobohemia. The second is when a political, oppositional momentum is activated among the diaspora. The third crossroads, comprising the first 10 years after the fall of the Wall, is the stage where the district comes under the influence of neoliberalism and becomes just “bohemia.” This research shows how Turkish immigrants have been positioned at a crossroads where the “hobo” character of the quarter evolved into a bohemia.

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The Migration History of Black Africans to Britain

Diasporas and Transnational Entrepreneurship in Global Contexts - Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-1991-1.ch011 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 188-204

Author(s):

Thomas Domboka

Keyword(s):

21St Century ◽

Second Phase ◽

African Countries ◽

Black Africans ◽

The Third ◽

Third Phase ◽

Migration History ◽

History Of ◽

The 1960S ◽

History Of Migration

The purpose of this chapter is to provide the history of migration of black Africans into Britain and a backdrop for subsequent chapters. An understanding of the migration history of Black Africans is important as it helps us to understand the nature and extent of their entrepreneurial and transnational activity. The conveniently splits into three sections covering three phases or waves of migration covering the period between the 1960s to the beginning of the 21st century. The chapter shows that the reasons and motivation of migration is different with each of the phases of migration. The first phase (1960s – 1970s) consisted of restrained migration from a few African countries namely Nigeria and Ghana and was driven by the desire to acquire education. The second phase (1980s – 1990s) consisted of limited migration from an increased number of countries and still driven by education and some limited refugees. The third phase (Mid 1990s onwards) consisted of unrestrained migration largely driven by economic reasons.

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The Migration History of Black Africans to Britain

Immigration and the Current Social, Political, and Economic Climate ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-6918-3.ch001 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Thomas Domboka

Keyword(s):

21St Century ◽

Second Phase ◽

African Countries ◽

Black Africans ◽

The Third ◽

Third Phase ◽

Migration History ◽

History Of ◽

The 1960S ◽

History Of Migration

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Changes in Highly Skilled Migration Policies: Turkish-German Medical Migration since the 1960s

MIGRATION LETTERS ◽

10.33182/ml.v15i4.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 491-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lisa Peppler

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Professional Experience ◽

Skilled Migration ◽

Medical Migration ◽

Turkish Immigrants ◽

The Third ◽

Highly Skilled Migration ◽

German Citizenship ◽

The 1960S

Turkish physicians have been migrating to Germany since the 1960s to obtain professional experience. Therefore, this article takes a long-term perspective: How and why did the careers of physicians with medical degrees from Turkish universities change through time? This study is based on 29 semi-structured and three expert interviews. The results show that the migrant physicians can be classified as three generations, whose qualifications have been viewed variably through time: The first generation (migrated 1961-1974) was welcomed because of a lack of doctors. They got special permits to practice medicine, which was usually bound to German citizenship. The second generation (migrated 1979-1990) only got permission to treat Turkish immigrants – because of both an excessive amount on doctors and ethnicization. The third generation (migrated 1999-2012) was affected by Europeanization and the competition with immigrating physicians from Eastern Europe. The findings show how medical migration changes due to migration and healthcare policies, thus highlighting the context-dependent nature of skill valuation processes.

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Native Americans and the Third World Strike at UC Berkeley

Explorations in Ethnic Studies ◽

10.1525/esr.2019.42.2.32 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 32-39

Author(s):

LaNada War Jack

Keyword(s):

Native American ◽

Native Americans ◽

Personal Experience ◽

Third World ◽

Leadership Roles ◽

The Third ◽

The Creation ◽

The 1960S ◽

The Third World ◽

The University

The author reflects on her personal experience as a Native American at UC Berkeley in the 1960s as well as on her activism and important leadership roles in the 1969 Third World Liberation Front student strike, which had as its goal the creation of an interdisciplinary Third World College at the university.

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The Brown Mite, Bryobia arborea Morgan and Anderson (Acarina: Tetranychidae), on Apple in Nova Scotia.: I. Influence of Intratree Distribution on the Selection of Sampling Units. II. Differences in Habits and Seasonal Trends in Orchards With Bivoltine and Trivoltine Populations. III. Distribution of Diapause Eggs. IV. Hatching of Diapause Eggs

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent971303-12 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 97 (12) ◽

pp. 1303-1318 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

H. J. Herbert

Keyword(s):

Nova Scotia ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Central Area ◽

Third Generation ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Seasonal Trends ◽

Sample Unit ◽

The Third ◽

Selection Of

AbstractIn Nova Scotia one leaf cluster with an adjoining 1 inch of twig taken from the inside of each of 10 apple trees replicated four times is an adequate sample unit to measure the density of the brown mite.The brown mite has one generation with a partial second in some orchards and one with a partial second and partial third in others. The first generation adults in the bivoltine and trivoltine populations lay summer eggs on the leaves and twigs, and diapause eggs on tin twigs. The second generation adults in the bivoltine populations lay only diapause eggs; in the trivoltine populations they lay both summer and diapause eggs. The adults of the third generation lay only diapause eggs.The brown mite is found on both the leaves and woody parts of the tree. In orchards with bivoltine populations the proportion of mites on leaves reached a peak of 80% by mid-July, but thereafter gradually decreased to 10% by the end of August. However, in orchards with trivoltine populations the proportion of mites on leaves reached a peak of 80 to 90% by mid-July, remained constant until mid-August, and thereafter decreased to approximately 40% by the end of August.The number of diapause eggs laid by adults of each generation in both the bivoltine and trivoltine populations varies widely. The eggs are deposited on the trunk as well as on the branches, with the heaviest deposition in the central area of the tree. The diapause eggs laid by adults of the first generation are the last to hatch and those laid by the third generation are the first to hatch the following spring.The factors responsible for the differences in the number of generations and in the number of diapause eggs laid are unknown.

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Italian Regional Evolutions

Environment and Planning A Economy and Space ◽

10.1068/a3489 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 657-694 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Michael Dunford

Keyword(s):

Employment Growth ◽

Regional Economies ◽

Comparative Performance ◽

The Third ◽

Italian Regions ◽

Convergence And Divergence ◽

The 1960S ◽

Contemporary Development ◽

Demographic Growth ◽

Comparative Evolution

The aim of this paper is to examine the evolution of Italy's territorial inequalities from 1952 to 1996 and to consider what the Italian record tells us about the utility of theories of convergence and divergence. After outlining the scale and nature of contemporary development gaps in Italy, the author explores the way these inequalities have changed, showing that convergence in the 1960s and early 1970s gave way to divergence, and identifying the respective roles of productivity, employment, and demographic growth in shaping the overall trend in inequality. To examine what underlay the aggregate trends attention is paid to the comparative evolution of twenty Italian regions, indicating clearly the changing relative fortunes of the metropolitan northwest, the Mezzogiorno, the Third Italy, and the Adriatic coastal regions. In the final sections several decompositions are employed to identify the contribution of productivity and employment growth across a range of sectors to the comparative performance of Italy's regional economies.

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Between policy and reality: multiculturalism, the second generation, and the third space in Britain

Asia Europe Journal ◽

10.1007/s10308-012-0337-z ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 267-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sharmani Patricia Gabriel ◽

Edmund Terence Gomez ◽

Zarine Rocha

Keyword(s):

Second Generation ◽

Third Space ◽

The Third

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Impact of technology on Translation and Translation Studies

Russian Journal of Linguistics ◽

10.22363/2312-9182-2019-23-2-344-361 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 344-361

Author(s):

Yves Gambier

Keyword(s):

International Relations ◽

Translation Studies ◽

The Political ◽

The Third ◽

The Past ◽

Attitudes And Perceptions ◽

Long Time ◽

The 1960S ◽

Impact Of Technology ◽

Multimodal Communications

The landscape in translation and interpreting is changing deeply and rapidly. For a long time, but not necessarily everywhere, translation was denied as a need (except for the political and religious powers), as effort (translation being defined as a kind of mechanical work, as substitution of words), and as a profession (translators embodying a subaltern position). Technology is bringing in certain changes in attitudes and perceptions with regards international, multilingual and multimodal communications. This article tries to define the changes and their consequences in the labelling and characterisation of the different practices. It is organised in five sections: first, we recall that translation and interpreting are only one option in international relations; then, we explain the different denials of translation in the past (or the refusal to recognize the different values of translation). In the third section, we consider how and to what extent technology is transforming today practices and markets. The ongoing changes do not boil solely to developments in Machine Translation (which started in the 1960s): community, crowdsourced/collaborative translation and volunteer translation encompass different practices. In many cases, users provide their own translations, with or without formal qualifications in translation. The evolution is not only technical but also economic and social. In addition, the fragmentation and the diversity of practices do have an impact on a multi-faceted market. In the fourth section, we emphasize that there are nowadays different concepts of translation and competitive paradigms in Translation Studies. Finally, we tackle the organisational challenge of the field, since the institutionalisation of translation and Translation Studies cannot remain the same as when there was a formal consensus on the concept of translation.

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Between positivism and narrativism in Polish methodology of history

HISTOREIN ◽

10.12681/historein.234 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 75 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Krzysztof Brzechczyn

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Framework ◽

Font Size ◽

Theory Of Science ◽

The Third ◽

Nancy Cartwright ◽

The Status ◽

Scientific Context ◽

Scientific Laws ◽

Covering Law ◽

The 1960S

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">This paper has two main purposes. Its primary purpose is to present the reception of the discussion between positivism and narrativism in the Polish methodology of history. A secondary one is to paraphrase, using the notion apparatus of the idealisational theory of science, the issue of the accuracy of explanation. The article consists of six parts. In the first part, Hempel’s deductive-nomological (or covering-law) model of explanation is presented. In the second part, the main tenets and assumptions of the Poznań school of methodology are presented. The emergence of this school at the end of the 1960s delayed the popularisation of narrativism in Polish methodology of history. In the third part, the manifold reasons of this delayed reception are analysed. The popularization of narrativism was only possible in Poland after 1989, but it had a primarily imitative character. This outline of cultural and scientific context allows Chris Lorenz’s proposals (on the problem of the accuracy of explanation) to be put in a wider perspective (part four). Namely, this author describes “a theoretical historical debate” on the status of scientific laws and refers to a post-positivistic approach to science represented by Nancy Cartwright. This approach was to introduce new perspectives to the understanding of lawfulness. In the fifth part, the main assumptions and tenets (for example, modes of explanation) of another post-positivistic approach to science, namely the idealisational theory of science, are presented and compared with the Hempelian model of explanation. In the sixth part, Hempel’s explanatory sketch is paraphrased using the notion apparatus of the idealisational model of science which provides a solution in this theoretical framework, to the problem of accuracy of explanation posed by Lorenz.</p>

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Landscapes of Memories: A Study of Representation for Translocal Chinese Cultural Heritage in Kaiping, Guangdong, China

Translocal Chinese East Asian Perspectives ◽

10.1163/24522015-15010002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 5-37

Author(s):

Bo-wei Chiang

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Local Economic Development ◽

Local Politics ◽

Modern China ◽

Overseas Chinese ◽

Collective Memories ◽

Local Society ◽

Migration History ◽

The Pacific ◽

The 1960S

Abstract Beginning in the mid-nineteenth century, many young people emigrated from Guangdong to the American West in search of a better living, mainly through building the Pacific Railroad and panning for gold in California. Some of these overseas Chinese who eventually accumulated wealth sent remittances back to their hometowns to provide their families with a better life, or they built mansions for their own retirement. They also used their wealth to renovate ancestral halls, establish schools, get involved in local politics and issues of local public security, public hygiene, etc. The overseas Chinese were one of the important new rising social strata in modern China before the 1960s. This paper will focus on translocal Chinese cultural heritage in Guangdong and try to discuss how people memorize, narrate, preserve, and represent their migration history in these hometowns. Meanwhile, the meaning of the tangible cultural heritage as a landscape of memories in local society in China will also be discussed. Firstly, I think that there are three types of overseas Chinese memories: the memory of suffering, the memory of making fortunes, and the memory of a philanthropic image; secondly, I will deal with the narrative and representation of the collective memories since the 1990s and check how the collective memory became the cultural heritage beneath the state’s discourse; and finally, I will analyze how the overseas Chinese cultural heritage became resources for cultural tourism and local economic development, and show a process of commercialization of those landscapes.

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