Tribological activity of ionic liquid stabilized calcium-doped ceria nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
pp. 135065012093500
Author(s):  
Bharat Kumar ◽  
Dinesh K Verma ◽  
Kavita ◽  
Rashmi B Rastogi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Wear Scar ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Doped Ceria ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

10% Calcium-doped ceria (CCO) nanoparticles have been synthesized by sol–gel method. Their surface has been modified by surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate and 1-decyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) imide to yield SCCO and IL-CCO respectively. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of nanoparticles and surface modified nanoparticles are indicative of cubic phase of ceria. Fourier transform infrared spectra confirm the surface modification of nanoparticles, particularly with ionic liquid. Morphology of the as-prepared nanoparticles investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy/high-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals that there is decrease in size of nanoparticles from CCO followed by SCCO and then IL-CCO. Wrapping of nanoparticles by ionic liquid is apparent in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images. The tribological activity of the well-characterized nanoparticles has been evaluated at the optimized concentration, 0.2% w/v in paraffin oil under ASTM D4172 and ASTM D5183 test conditions using a four-ball tester. Based on tribological parameters, mean wear scar diameter, average friction coefficient, load-carrying capacity, and loss of frictional power, their relative performance followed the order – IL-CCO > SCCO > CCO. Worn surface analysis by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy corroborated the tribological performance. The order of the activity could be correlated with the size of the nanoparticles. Moreover, lubricating properties of ionic liquid have been instrumental for the exalted activity of IL-CCO. The presence of heteroatoms of ionic liquid, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, sulfur along with calcium and cerium of nanoparticles in energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy analysis of the wear scar surface lubricated with IL-CCO confirms the vital role of ionic liquid towards the tribological activity.

scholarly journals ANALYSES OF WASTE PRODUCTS OBTAINED BY LASER CUTTING OF AW-3103 ALUMINIUM ALLOY

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Loskot ◽  
Maciej Zubko ◽  
Zbigniew Janikowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Pure Aluminium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the presented research, the methods of scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were applied to analyse the powder waste obtained by cutting of AW-3103 aluminium alloy using a fibre laser. The scanning electron microscopy allows to analyse the morphology of the waste microparticles, the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed their chemical composition, which was compared with the composition of the original cut material. In the waste powder, mainly plate-like particles were observed that contain almost pure aluminium. X-ray powder diffraction measurements confirmed that the waste powder is composed of aluminium phase with only a slight presence of other phases (magnetite, austenite and graphite) and the transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of nanoscale particles in this waste powder. Furthermore, it was found that the average size of the microparticles depends on the thickness of the cut material: particles obtained from a thicker workpiece were substantially bigger than those obtained from the thinner material. On the contrary, the dimensions of the workpiece have only a little impact on the particles’ shape and no significant influence on their chemical composition. The results also suggest that the microparticles could be used as an input material for powder metallurgy. But there is also a certain health risk connected with inhalation of such tiny particles, especially the nanoparticles, which can penetrate deep into the human pulmonary system.

scholarly journals Texture and chemical composition analyses on the Hg0.66Pb0.33Ba2Ca2Cu3Oy superconductor using the sealed quartz tube technique

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1367-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C.L. Chow ◽  
P.C.W. Fung ◽  
H.M. Shao ◽  
C.C. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Quartz Tube ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Pb-substituted Hg-based superconductor of Hg0.66Pb0.33Ba2Ca2Cu3Oy has been fabricated using the sealed quartz tube technique. R- and x-ray diffraction pattern (XDP) measurements show that the specimen has a Tc of 135 K and contains mainly the Hg-1223 phase. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray analysis (SEM/EDX) and transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray analysis (TEM/EDX) were employed to study the texture and chemical composition of the specimen. It is found that the specimen contains round-shaped grains with a mixture of Hg-1223, BaCuO2, and Ca0.85CuO2 phases, square-shaped grains with a formula of PbBa2O3, small single crystals with single Hg-1223 phase, and crystal-like layers with a mixture of Hg-1223 and BaCuO2 phase. We consider that though the doping of Pb can benefit the stabilization of the Hg-1223 phase, it introduces other impurity phases and textures in the specimen at the same time.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of BiFeO3 Polyhedral Crystallites

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 508-511
Author(s):  
Lin Lin Yang ◽  
Yong Gang Wang ◽  
Yu Jiang Wang ◽  
Xiao Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

BiFeO3 polyhedrons had been successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The as-prepared products were characterized by power X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The possible mechanisms for the formation of BiFeO3 polyhedrons were discussed. Though comparison experiments, it was found that the kind of precursor played a key role on the morphology control of BiFeO3 crystals.

Influence of Salt Aid on Combustion Synthesis of Nanocrystalline CeO2 Powders

2011 ◽  
Vol 412 ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Ai Chen ◽  
Hai Rong Wang ◽  
Ze Song Li ◽  
Ying Ping Shen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Characteristics ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nanocrystalline Ceria ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present article reports the results of studies related to the synthesis of nanocrystalline ceria powder by combustion process using salt combustion aid. Cerium nitrate as oxidant and urea as fuel were used as reagents, Sodium Chloride was compared as combustion aid. The phase analysis and particle size were compared. The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy and Transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that employment of starting fuel with combustion aid resulted in synthesizing nanocrystalline ceria powder with fine agglomerates. By using combustion aid, the energetics of the combustion reaction and particle characteristics have been changed.

Analyse des Stuckgipses der Abtei Villers / Analysis of Stucco from the Abbey of Villers

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-396
Author(s):  
S. Chandra ◽  
D. Van Gemert
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Interior plaster from the Abbot's Palace of the Abbey of Villers-la-Ville, Brabant Wallon province, Belgium has been investigated. It is done by using chemical analysis, x-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive electron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the rendering was made with lime rich mortar and animal hairs. The sand used was very fine and the hairs were very short. The solid constituents and the hairs were uniformly dispersed, which could have been obtained by the addition of some other natural polymer, containing protein.

Controlled Synthesize of BaTiO3 Nanoparticles and BaCO3 Nanowires through the Reverse Micelle System

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Zhao Deng ◽  
Ying Dai ◽  
Wen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Reverse Micelle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Batio3 Nanoparticles ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Micelle System

Single-crystalline BaTiO3 nanoparticles and BaCO3 nanowires were synthesized respectively through the use of a reverse micelle as a medium in the same Oleic acid/n-octane/H2O system, by changing the H2O2 dosage. Both the phase composition and the morphology can be controled. The samples derived were characterized with X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The formation mechanism has been fully discussed.

Study of Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 Nanorods and Catalytic Property to CO

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 615-620
Author(s):  
Ying Jia ◽  
Tian Tian Liu ◽  
Cheng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Catalytic Oxidation ◽  
Zirconium Oxychloride ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Three Way Catalyst ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 (CZ) nanorods are successfully synthesized by glycol-assisted hydrothermal method using zirconium oxychloride, cerium nitrate and urea, with the presence of sodium hypochlorite. The products are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectra. The catalytic oxidation characters about Pd/CZ three-way catalyst (TWC) prepared with different loads of Pd are also investigated. The results show that the as-prepared Pd/CZ has excellent catalytic oxidation character to CO.

Synthesis of ZnO with Different Morphology and its Photocatalytic Property

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Xin Wang ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Xing Guo Cheng ◽  
Hong Fang Xu ◽  
Li Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photocatalytic Property ◽  
Zno Nanostructures ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Zno Nanomaterials ◽  
Scanning Electron

ZnO nanostructures with different morphology have been successfully fabricated by a simple relative low temperature approach at 90 °C for 5 h without surfactant assistance. These structures can be easily tailed using varied concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and different amounts of the hydrazine hydrate (N2H4·H2O). X-ray diffraction (XRD) result proves the formation of ZnO with wurtzite structure. Microstructure as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicates that the rod-like and chrysanthemum-like ZnO nanostructures contain many radial nanorods, which grow along the [0001] direction. Furthermore, the as-prepared ZnO nanomaterials exhibit high activity on the photo-catalytic degradation of typical persistent organic pollutants (POPs), indicating that they are promising as semiconductor photo-catalysts.

Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanowires by Heating Iron Foils

2007 ◽  
Vol 342-343 ◽  
pp. 597-600
Author(s):  
Hyoun Woo Kim ◽  
S.H. Shim ◽  
B.H. O ◽  
S.G. Lee ◽  
S.G. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Oxide Nanowires ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

We have fabricated the iron oxide nanowires directly from iron foils through the simple heating in N2 ambient. We have characterized the samples by means of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and selected area diffraction pattern. The EDX spectrum revealed that the nanowires contained elements of Fe and O. The iron oxide nanowires were crystalline with diameters in the range of 30-200 nm. We have discussed the possible growth mechanisms.

Localization of Silver in the Spleen of Argyric Rats by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis Coupled with Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 504-506
Author(s):  
G. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Reticular Cell ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Scanning Electron

Previous electron microscopic observations of the spleen have revealed the white pulp to be completely separated from the extravasated blood in the surrounding marginal zone by a strategically-located, double layer of reticular cells ensheathing a coarse reticular fiber. Similarly, a single reticular cell layer has been observed to form a continuous investment for all white pulp capillaries. To test the significance of this apparent isolation of the splenic white pulp from the blood, the distribution and composition of silver deposits in the spleen of argyric rats were determined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy coupled with computer-assisted x-ray analysis.Young male albino rats were made argyric by supplying them for many months with drinking water to which 1.5gm per liter of silver nitrate had been added. Specimens from the spleens of control and argyric animals were prepared for conventional transmission electron microscopy by glutaraldehyde-osmium fixation. For scanning electron microscopy, other specimens were fixed in buffered glutaraldehyde, freeze-dried in vacuo, coated with a thin film of gold- palladium and examined in a Cambridge Stereoscan Mark II.

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