Infections seem to be more frequent before onset of pediatric multiple sclerosis: A Danish nationwide nested case–control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Spangsberg Boesen ◽  
Nils Koch-Henriksen ◽  
Lau Caspar Thygesen ◽  
Frank Eriksson ◽  
Gorm Greisen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Childhood Infections ◽  
Clinical Onset ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Background: Infections are suspected environmental triggers for multiple sclerosis (MS). The relationship between the timing and cumulative number of childhood infections regarding pediatric MS risk is uninvestigated. Objectives: To investigate whether childhood infections contribute to pediatric MS. Methods: A nationwide nested case–control study with detailed MS case ascertainment including chart review was undertaken. For each MS case, we selected five control children using density sampling from the entire Danish population, matching controls to children with MS by sex and birthdate. We analyzed data with the cumulative number of childhood infections as exposure and MS as outcome. Hazard ratios (HRs) including 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression. Results: We identified 212 children with MS and 1,060 controls. Median age at MS onset was 15.3 years (range: 7.6–17.8 years); 72% were girls. Each infection during the preceding 3 years increased the hazard for MS by 11% (95% CI = 1.01–1.22, p = 0.04); having 5+ infections compared with 0–4 infections in the preceding 3 years doubled the hazard for MS (HR: 2.18; 95% CI = 1.12–4.30, p = 0.02). Conclusion: Children with MS appeared to have more infections in the 3 years preceding MS clinical onset; accordingly, immune response to infections may influence MS pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Estimation of Relative and Absolute Risks in a Competing-Risks Setting Using a Nested Case-Control Study Design: Example From the ProMort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (6) ◽  
pp. 1165-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Zelic ◽  
Daniela Zugna ◽  
Matteo Bottai ◽  
Ove Andrén ◽  
Jonna Fridfeldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Competing Risks ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Prostate Cancer Death ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract In this paper, we describe the Prognostic Factors for Mortality in Prostate Cancer (ProMort) study and use it to demonstrate how the weighted likelihood method can be used in nested case-control studies to estimate both relative and absolute risks in the competing-risks setting. ProMort is a case-control study nested within the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR) of Sweden, comprising 1,710 men diagnosed with low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer between 1998 and 2011 who died from prostate cancer (cases) and 1,710 matched controls. Cause-specific hazard ratios and cumulative incidence functions (CIFs) for prostate cancer death were estimated in ProMort using weighted flexible parametric models and compared with the corresponding estimates from the NPCR cohort. We further drew 1,500 random nested case-control subsamples of the NPCR cohort and quantified the bias in the hazard ratio and CIF estimates. Finally, we compared the ProMort estimates with those obtained by augmenting competing-risks cases and by augmenting both competing-risks cases and controls. The hazard ratios for prostate cancer death estimated in ProMort were comparable to those in the NPCR. The hazard ratios for dying from other causes were biased, which introduced bias in the CIFs estimated in the competing-risks setting. When augmenting both competing-risks cases and controls, the bias was reduced.

scholarly journals Increased risk of ovarian cancer in integrin β3 Leu33Pro homozygotes

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
S E Bojesen ◽  
S K Kjær ◽  
E V S Høgdall ◽  
B L Thomsen ◽  
C K Høgdall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Control Study

We previously demonstrated that integrin β3 Leu33Pro homozygotes have an increased risk of cancer, possibly most pronounced for ovarian cancer. We now test the latter hypothesis in case-control and prospective studies. We genotyped 463 Danish women with ovarian cancer, and 4291 women from the Danish general population. Calculation of odds ratios by conditional logistic regression was performed in the case-control study (n=463 + 3543), and of ovarian cancer incidence, log-rank statistics and hazard ratios by Cox regression in the prospective study (n=4291) with 9.5-year follow-up. In the case-control study matched for age and marital status, the odds ratio for ovarian cancer in homozygotes versus non-carriers was 1.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.0–2.6). In the prospective study with 28 incident ovarian cancers, non-carriers and homozygotes had incidences of 7 (4–11) and 30 (10–92) per 10 000 person-years (log-rank P=0.02). The age-adjusted hazard ratio for ovarian cancer in homozygotes versus non-carriers was 3.9 (1.1–13). Risk of ovarian cancer did not differ between heterozygotes and non-carriers in either study. Integrin β3 Leu33Pro homozygotes have an increased risk of ovarian cancer.

Childhood Infections as Risk Factors for Multiple Sclerosis: Belgrade Case-Control Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Pekmezovic ◽  
Mirjana Jarebinski ◽  
Jelena Drulovic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Childhood Infections ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals The Prognostic Factor for Recurrence in Advanced-Stage High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer After Complete Clinical Remission: A Nested Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Wang ◽  
Ying Zheng ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Jiawen Zhang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Serous Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Women with advanced-stage high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) are likely to have a bad prognosis. Relapses are common in patients even with no evidence of disease after primary treatment. We aimed to identify the prognostic factors for disease recurrence in these patients. Methods A nested case-control study was conducted in a large medical center in Southwest China. The primary outcome was recurrence of disease within 3 years after clinical remission (CR). Cox regression was used to calculate the time to event analysis in different groups. Results Ninety-seven patients were finally included. Fifty-seven patients (58.8%) relapsed within 3 years after CR. Among all the variables, the difference in posttreatment CA-125 level was statistically significant (P ༜0.05) between the recurrent group and the progression-free group in both univariate and multivariable analysis. A cutoff value was set at the median level in the recurrent group (10 U/ml) to categorize patients into two arms. In Cox regression, the posttreatment CA-125 level was identified as a prognostic factor for recurrence with an OR of 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02–1.10, P = 0.033). The median time (from initiation of treatment) until relapse was 25 months for patients whose posttreatment CA-125 levels were higher than 10 U/ml, while it was undefined for patients whose posttreatment CA-125 level were ≤ 10 U/ml. Patients with a higher posttreatment CA-125 level showed an increased risk for OC relapse compared to those with a lower posttreatment CA-125 level. Furthermore, as shown in line graphs recording serum CA-125 levels during follow-up in each recurrent case, the increments of serum CA-125 levels were delayed in recurrent OC patients who had a posttreatment CA125 level ≤ 10 U/ml compared with those with a higher CA-125 level. Conclusion A low serum CA-125 level after primary treatment was a potential prognostic factor in women with advanced HGSOC.

scholarly journals The prognostic factor for recurrence in advanced-stage high-grade serous ovarian cancer after complete clinical remission: a nested case-control study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Wang ◽  
Xiaorong Qi ◽  
Hongling Peng ◽  
Xia Zhao ◽  
Zhilan Peng
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Serous Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Woman with advanced-stage high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is likely to have a bad prognosis. Relapses are common in patients even with no evidence of disease after primary treatment. We aimed to identify the prognostic factors for disease recurrence in these patients. Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted in a large medical center in Southwest China. The primary outcome was recurrence of disease within 3 years after CR. Cox regression was used to calculate the time to event analysis in different groups.Results: Ninety- seven patients were finally included. Fifty-seven patients (58.8%) relapsed within 3 years after CR. Among all the variables, the difference in posttreatment CA-125 level was statistically significant (P ＜0.05) between the recurrent group and the progression-free group in both univariate and multivariable analysis . A cutoff value was set at the median level in the recurrent group (10 U/ml) to categorize patients into two arms. In Cox regression, the posttreatment CA-125 level was identified as a prognostic factor for recurrence with an OR of 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02-1.10, P=0.033). The median time (from initiation of treatment) until relapse was 25 months for patients whose posttreatment CA-125 levels were higher than 10 U/ml, while it was undefined for patients whose posttreatment CA-125 level were ≤ 10 U/ml. Patients with a higer posttreatment CA-125 level showed a increased risk for OC relapse compared to those with a lower posttreatment CA-125 level. Furthermore, as shown in line graphs recording serum CA-125 levels during follow-up in each recurrent case, the increments of serum CA-125 levels were delayed in recurrent OC patients who had a posttreatment CA125 level ≤ 10 U/ml compared with those with a higher CA-125 level. Conclusion: A low serum CA-125 level after primary treatment was a potential prognostic factor in women with advanced HGSOC.

scholarly journals The prognostic factor for recurrence in advanced-stage high-grade serous ovarian cancer after complete clinical remission: a nested case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Wang ◽  
Ying Zheng ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Jiawen Zhang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Serous Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Women with advanced-stage high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) are likely to have a bad prognosis. Relapses are common in patients even with no evidence of disease after primary treatment. We aimed to identify the prognostic factors for disease recurrence in these patients. Methods A nested case-control study was conducted in a large medical center in Southwest China. The primary outcome was recurrence of disease within 3 years after clinical remission (CR). Cox regression was used to calculate the time to event analysis in different groups. Results Ninety-seven patients were finally included. Fifty-seven patients (58.8%) relapsed within 3 years after CR. Among all the variables, the difference in posttreatment CA-125 level was statistically significant (P <0.05) between the recurrent group and the progression-free group in both univariate and multivariable analysis. A cutoff value was set at the median level in the recurrent group (10 U/ml) to categorize patients into two arms. In Cox regression, the posttreatment CA-125 level was identified as a prognostic factor for recurrence with an OR of 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02–1.10, P = 0.033). The median time (from initiation of treatment) until relapse was 25 months for patients whose posttreatment CA-125 levels were higher than 10 U/ml, while it was undefined for patients whose posttreatment CA-125 level were ≤ 10 U/ml. Patients with a higher posttreatment CA-125 level showed an increased risk for OC relapse compared to those with a lower posttreatment CA-125 level. Furthermore, as shown in line graphs recording serum CA-125 levels during follow-up in each recurrent case, the increments of serum CA-125 levels were delayed in recurrent OC patients who had a posttreatment CA125 level ≤ 10 U/ml compared with those with a higher CA-125 level. Conclusion A low serum CA-125 level after primary treatment was a potential prognostic factor in women with advanced HGSOC.

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