Comparison of MOG and AQP4 antibody seroprevalence in Korean adults with inflammatory demyelinating CNS diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852094821
Author(s):  
Jae-Won Hyun ◽  
Hye Lim Lee ◽  
Woo Kyo Jeong ◽  
Hye Jung Lee ◽  
Jong Hwa Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Aquaporin 4 ◽  
Cns Diseases ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Mog Antibodies ◽  
Aqp4 Antibody

We aimed to compare seroprevalence of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies in Korean adults with inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) of the central nervous system (CNS), based on a multicenter nationwide database. Sera were analyzed using a live cell–based assay for MOG and AQP4 antibodies. Of 586 Korean adults with IDDs of the CNS, 36 (6.1%) and 185 (31.6%) tested positive for MOG and AQP4 antibodies, respectively. No participant showed double positivity. Seroprevalence of MOG antibodies was about five times lower than that of AQP4 antibodies in a large cohort of Korean adults with IDDs of the CNS.

Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 540-547
Author(s):  
W. Oliver Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis is the most common idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), with a prevalence of 1 in 500 to 1 in 2,000 people, depending on geography and various other factors. Idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases are a group of related disorders that include acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–immunoglobulin G–associated CNS demyelinating disease.

scholarly journals Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): A Demyelinating Disease with Specific Morphological Features

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692199356
Author(s):  
Fleur Cordier ◽  
Lars Velthof ◽  
David Creytens ◽  
Jo Van Dorpe
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare immune-mediated inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Its characteristic perivenular demyelination and inflammation aid in the differential diagnosis with other inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Here, we present a clinical case of ADEM, summarize its histological hallmarks, and discuss pitfalls concerning the most important neuropathological differential diagnoses.

Recurrent ataxia and dysarthria in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e245341
Author(s):  
Uddalak Chakraborty ◽  
Shrestha Ghosh ◽  
Amlan Kusum Datta ◽  
Atanu Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
Aquaporin 4 ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Neurological Presentation ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Demyelinating Disorders

The spectrum of central nervous system demyelinating disorders is vast and heterogeneous and, often, with overlapping clinical presentations. Misdiagnosis might occur in some cases with serious therapeutic repercussions. However, introduction of several new biomarkers such as aquaporin-4 IgG and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG has made distinction between diseases such as multiple sclerosis and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorder easier. Here, we report a case of a 15-year-old male patient with subacute multifocal neurological presentation without encephalopathy, eventually diagnosed as myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorder.

Comparison of clinical, immunological and neuroimaging features between anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-positive and antibody-negative Sjögren’s syndrome patients with central nervous system manifestations

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riwanti Estiasari ◽  
Takuya Matsushita ◽  
Katsuhisa Masaki ◽  
Takuya Akiyama ◽  
Tomomi Yonekawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren's Syndrome ◽  
Posterior Column ◽  
Aquaporin 4 ◽  
Aqp4 Antibody ◽  
Sjögren‘S Syndrome

Background and objective: The objective of this study is to clarify clinical, immunological, and neuroimaging features in anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody-positive and antibody-negative Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Methods: Medical records and MRI scans were retrospectively analyzed in 22 consecutive SS patients with CNS manifestations. Results: Seven (31.8%) patients were positive for anti-AQP4 antibodies. The frequency of visual impairment was higher in anti-AQP4 antibody-positive patients than in antibody-negative patients (71.4% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.0008). Brain MRI showed that discrete lesions were more commonly found in the cerebrum, brainstem, and optic nerve in anti-AQP4 antibody-positive patients than in antibody-negative patients ( p = 0.002, p = 0.006, and p = 0.004, respectively), while spinal cord MRI showed that posterior column lesions in the cervical spinal cord were more frequent in anti-AQP4 antibody-positive patients than in antibody-negative patients (71.4% vs. 14.3%, p = 0.01). SS-A antibody titers were higher in anti-AQP4 antibody-positive patients than in antibody-negative patients ( p = 0.012) and were also higher in patients with longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesions (LESCLs) than in those without LESCLs ( p = 0.019). Conclusions: In SS, the presence of anti-AQP4 antibodies is associated with involvement of the optic nerve, cerebrum and brainstem, and with cervical posterior column lesions in the spinal cord.

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