Computational basis of decision-making impairment in multiple sclerosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 135245852110593
Author(s):  
Rodrigo S Fernández ◽  
Lucia Crivelli ◽  
María E Pedreira ◽  
Ricardo F Allegri ◽  
Jorge Correale
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairments ◽  
Neurocognitive Evaluation ◽  
Computational Basis

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is commonly associated with decision-making, neurocognitive impairments, and mood and motivational symptoms. However, their relationship may be obscured by traditional scoring methods. Objectives: To study the computational basis underlying decision-making impairments in MS and their interaction with neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric measures. Methods: Twenty-nine MS patients and 26 matched control subjects completed a computer version of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Participants underwent neurocognitive evaluation using an expanded version of the Brief Repeatable Battery. Hierarchical Bayesian Analysis was used to estimate three established computational models to compare parameters between groups. Results: Patients showed increased learning rate and reduced loss-aversion during decision-making relative to control subjects. These alterations were associated with: (1) reduced net gains in the IGT; (2) processing speed, executive functioning and memory impairments; and (3) higher levels of depression and current apathy. Conclusion: Decision-making deficits in MS patients could be described by the interplay between latent computational processes, neurocognitive impairments, and mood/motivational symptoms.

scholarly journals Progressive decline of decision-making performances during multiple sclerosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMANTA SIMIONI ◽  
CHRISTIANE RUFFIEUX ◽  
JOERG KLEEBERG ◽  
LAURE BRUGGIMANN ◽  
RENAUD A. DU PASQUIER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Perceived Health Status ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Decision Making Capacity ◽  
Disability Status

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate longitudinally, using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), the dynamics of decision-making capacity at a two-year interval (median: 2.1 years) in a group of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) (n = 70) and minor neurological disability [Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ≤ 2.5 at baseline]. Cognition (memory, executive functions, attention), behavior, handicap, and perceived health status were also investigated. Standardized change scores [(score at retest-score at baseline)/standard deviation of baseline score] were computed. Results showed that IGT performances decreased from baseline to retest (from 0.3, SD = 0.4 to 0.1, SD = 0.3, p = .005). MS patients who worsened in the IGT were more likely to show a decreased perceived health status and emotional well-being (SEP-59; p = .05 for both). Relapsing rate, disability progression, cognitive, and behavioral changes were not associated with decreased IGT performances. In conclusion, decline in decision making can appear as an isolated deficit in MS. (JINS, 2009, 15, 291–295.)

A Protocol for Digital Phenotyping: Can Methods From Computational Models of Decision-Making Be Used To Predict Those Most Likely To Be Non-Adherent to Fitness Goals? (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Mc Carthy ◽  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Greta Monacelli ◽  
Tomas Ward
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Combining Data

UNSTRUCTURED Can methods from computational models of decision-making be used to build a predictive model to identify individuals most likely to be non-adherent to personal physical goals? This predictive model may have significant value in the global battle against obesity. Despite the growing awareness of the considerable impact of physical inactivity on human health, sedentary behavior is increasingly linked to premature death in the developed world. The annual impact of sedentary behaviors is significant, causing an estimated 2 million deaths. From a global perspective, sedentary behavior is one of the ten leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Annually considerable funding and countless public health initiatives promote physical fitness with little impact on sustained behavioral change. Predictive models developed from multimodal methodologies combining data from decision-making tasks with contextual insights and objective physical activity data can be used to identify those most likely to abandon their fitness goals. This information has the potential to be used to develop more targeted support to ensure those who embark on fitness programs are successful. This research aims to determine if it is possible to use decision-making tasks such as the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) to help determine those most likely to abandon their fitness goals? Predictive models built using methods from computational models of decision making, combining objective data from a fitness tracker with personality traits and modeling from decision-making games delivered via a mobile application, will be used to ascertain if a predictive algorithm can identify digital personae's most likely to be non-adherent to self-determine exercise goals. If it is possible to phenotype these individuals, then it may be possible to tailor initiatives to support these individuals to stay the course. This study design is entirely virtual and based on a "Bring your own device" (BYOD) model. Two hundred healthy adults who are novice exercisers and own a FITBIT physical activity tracker (FITBIT, Inc. San Francisco, USA) will be recruited via social media for the study. Subjects will e-consent via the study app, which they will download from the Google/Apple play store. They will also consent to share their FITBIT data. Necessary demographic information concerning age and gender will be collected as part of the recruitment process. Over 12 months, scheduled study assessments will be pushed to the subjects to complete. The IGT will be administered via a web application shared via a URL. Ethics approval was received in December 2020 from Dublin City University. At manuscript submission, study recruitment is pending. Expected results will be published in 2022. This study is registered with Clinical Trials.Gov: Registration number NCT04783298

Brain activity, regional gray matter loss, and decision-making in multiple sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1163-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Weygandt ◽  
Katharina Wakonig ◽  
Janina Behrens ◽  
Lil Meyer-Arndt ◽  
Eveline Söder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Morphometry Analysis ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Gray Matter Loss ◽  
Choice Period

Background: Decision-making (DM) abilities deteriorate with multiple sclerosis (MS) disease progression which impairs everyday life and is thus clinically important. Objective: To investigate the underlying neurocognitive processes and their relation to regional gray matter (GM) loss induced by MS. Methods: We used a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Iowa Gambling Task to measure DM-related brain activity in 36 MS patients and 21 healthy controls (HC). From this activity, we determined neural parameters of two cognitive stages, a deliberation (“choice”) period preceding a choice and a post-choice (“feedback”) stage reporting decision outcomes. These measures were related to DM separately in intact and damaged GM areas as determined by a voxel-based morphometry analysis. Results: Severely affected patients (with high lesion burden) showed worse DM-learning than HC ( t = −1.75, p = 0.045), moderately affected (low lesion burden) did not. Activity in the choice stage in intact insular ( t = 4.60, pFamily-Wise Error [FWE] corrected = 0.034), anterior cingulate ( t = 4.50, pFWE = 0.044), and dorsolateral prefrontal areas ( t = 4.43, pFWE = 0.049) and in insular areas with GM loss ( t = 3.78, pFWE = 0.011) was positively linked to DM performance across patients with severe tissue damage and HC. Furthermore, activity in intact orbitofrontal areas was positively linked to DM-learning during the feedback stage across these participants ( t = 4.49, pFWE = 0.032). During none of the stages, moderately affected patients showed higher activity than HC, which might have indicated preserved DM due to compensatory activity. Conclusion: We identified dysregulated activity linked to impairment in specific cognitive stages of reward-related DM. The link of brain activity and impaired DM in areas with MS-induced GM loss suggests that this deficit might be tightly coupled to MS neuropathology.

scholarly journals Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Risky Decision-Making. A Study of Patients with Alzheimer’s Dementia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Aurora Moreno ◽  
José Ramón Alameda
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Random Choice ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Somatic Marker ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Dementia Of Alzheimer’S Type ◽  
Somatic Marker Hypothesis ◽  
Better Than

Patients with mild dementia of Alzheimer’s type (DAT) use to present problems in decision making. Several studies have analyzed the cognitive functions in the process of decision making, especially in situations under ambiguity. One approach is the somatic marker hypothesis from the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Gambling Index (IG). One problem is the lack of specificity from IGT indicators, for this reason some hypotheses have been proposed in order to solve these deficiencies, i.e. the Prospective Valence Learning (PVL). In this study, we apply the IGT to 10 patients and 10 control subjects. We analyze the PVL parameter: loss aversion parameter (λ), shape parameter (α), recency parameter (A), consistency (c) and task development in function of advantageous choices. Our results show that control subjects’ performance is better than DAT´, nevertheless, in the first stages there are not differences, these appear in the two last blocks. Whit the PVL parameters we obtain differences in α and c, and, to a lesser extent, in λ. According to PVL parameters, DAT patients can be described as sensible at loss subjects who are more influenced by immediate choice and a very low level of consistence, what implies the use of random choice strategies.

scholarly journals Effects of Psychopathy on Neurocognitive Domains of Impulsivity in Abstinent Opiate and Stimulant Users

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Psederska ◽  
Nicholas D. Thomson ◽  
Kiril Bozgunov ◽  
Dimitar Nedelchev ◽  
Georgi Vasilev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Heroin Users ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairments ◽  
Substance Dependent

Background: Psychopathy and substance use disorders (SUDs) are both characterized by neurocognitive impairments reflecting higher levels of impulsivity such as reward-driven decision-making and deficient inhibitory control. Previous studies suggest that psychopathy may exacerbate decision-making deficits, but it may be unrelated to other neurocognitive impairments among substance dependent individuals (SDIs). The aim of the present study was to examine the role of psychopathy and its interpersonal-affective and impulsive-antisocial dimensions in moderating the relationships between dependence on different classes of drugs and neurocognitive domains of impulsivity.Method: We tested 693 participants (112 heroin mono-dependent individuals, 71 heroin polysubstance dependent individuals, 115 amphetamine mono-dependent individuals, 76 amphetamine polysubstance dependent individuals, and 319 non-substance dependent control individuals). Participants were administered the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV) and seven neurocognitive tasks measuring impulsive choice/decision-making (Iowa Gambling Task; Cambridge Gambling Task; Kirby Delay Discounting Task; Balloon Analog Risk Task), and impulsive action/response inhibition (Go/No-Go Task, Immediate Memory Task, and Stop Signal Task).Results: A series of hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that the interpersonal-affective dimension of psychopathy moderated the association between decision-making, response inhibition and both amphetamine and heroin dependence, albeit differently. For amphetamine users, low levels of interpersonal-affective traits predicted poor decision-making on the Iowa Gambling Task and better response inhibition on the Stop Signal task. In contrast, in heroin users high interpersonal-affective psychopathy traits predicted lower risk taking on the Cambridge Gambling Task and better response inhibition on the Go/No-Go task. The impulsive-antisocial dimension of psychopathy predicted poor response inhibition in both amphetamine and heroin users.Conclusions: Our findings reveal that psychopathy and its dimensions had both common and unique effects on neurocognitive function in heroin and amphetamine dependent individuals. Our results suggest that the specific interactions between psychopathy dimensions and dependence on different classes of drugs may lead to either deficient or superior decision-making and response inhibition performance in SDIs, suggesting that psychopathy may paradoxically play a protective role for some neurocognitive functions in specific subtypes of substance users.

scholarly journals Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Risky Decision-Making. A Study of Patients with Alzheimer’s Dementia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Aurora Moreno ◽  
José Ramón Alameda
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Random Choice ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Somatic Marker ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Dementia Of Alzheimer’S Type ◽  
Somatic Marker Hypothesis ◽  
Better Than

Patients with mild dementia of Alzheimer’s type (DAT) use to present problems in decision making. Several studies have analyzed the cognitive functions in the process of decision making, especially in situations under ambiguity. One approach is the somatic marker hypothesis from the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Gambling Index (IG). One problem is the lack of specificity from IGT indicators, for this reason some hypotheses have been proposed in order to solve these deficiencies, i.e. the Prospective Valence Learning (PVL). In this study, we apply the IGT to 10 patients and 10 control subjects. We analyze the PVL parameter: loss aversion parameter (λ), shape parameter (α), recency parameter (A), consistency (c) and task development in function of advantageous choices. Our results show that control subjects’ performance is better than DAT´, nevertheless, in the first stages there are not differences, these appear in the two last blocks. Whit the PVL parameters we obtain differences in α and c, and, to a lesser extent, in λ. According to PVL parameters, DAT patients can be described as sensible at loss subjects who are more influenced by immediate choice and a very low level of consistence, what implies the use of random choice strategies.

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