scholarly journals The impact of routine HIV testing on HIV-related stigma and discrimination in Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebenezer Durojaye
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing ◽  
The Impact

This paper discusses different methods of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, particularly routine and voluntary HIV testing methods, which have been adopted in response to the HIV epidemic in Africa. It then examines the importance of HIV testing as a tool for the prevention and treatment of infected and affected persons. The paper argues that although routine HIV testing is important in scaling up HIV testing in Africa, it may not necessarily address HIV-related stigma as contended by some commentators. Rather, it is argued that routine HIV testing, as practised in many African countries, may fuel HIV-related stigma and violate individuals’ fundamental rights guaranteed in numerous human rights instruments. In conclusion, the paper cautions that any attempt at adopting routine HIV testing in Africa should be tempered with respect for people’s human rights.

scholarly journals STIGMA-STATISTIK: Når dagsordener sættes i dansk aids-politik

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Seeberg
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Aids Policy ◽  
The Impact

Jens Seeberg: Stigma Statistics: Agendas in the Making in Danish AIDS Policy This article explores a number of paradoxes and assumptions in the public debate on AIDS in Denmark. They form part of a recurrent attack on the Danish ‘soft line’ AIDS policy that maintains anonymity and voluntary HIV-testing. One central issue in recent years has been obligatory testing of asylum seekers from high risk areas as a precondition for considering the asylum request. Especially asylum seekers from African countries are pointed out as constituting a major threat to the native Danish population in terms of spread of HIV. This is shown to rest on a misreading of the official statistics, repeated as often as the statistics themselves. The assumption that there is a basic clash between the human rights of the HIV-infected person and the population in general is discussed. This conceived clash rests on the assumption that restrictions of the human rights of the HIV-infected person will provide efficient protection for the noninfected majority. The potential counterproductive effects of this line of thought are discussed. Contact tracing is sometimes considered as an effective preventive measure. Part of the critique of the present AIDS policy States that contact tracing is virtually non-existing and that this has a major negative impact on the preventive efforts. It is argued that while the impact of contact tracing in itself may be rather limited, the lack of contact tracing may be seen as a symptom of insufficient counselling. While obligatory HIV testing may never be practiced in Denmark, its recurrent appearance on the agenda serves to provoke a defensive stand among AIDS policy makers. It is argued that this debate has hitherto had the effect of keeping the needs of HIV-infected people - and especially HIV-infected immigrants — away from public debate and serious concern.

Part I Context, Challenges, and Constraints, 4 The ICC and the AU

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maunganidze Ottilia Anna ◽  
du Plessis Anton
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
African Countries ◽  
International Crimes ◽  
State Immunity ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
Political Background ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the ICC and the AU has become a frequent bone of contention. The impact is naturally political, but it has also had an appreciable influence on ICC practice. This chapter analyses the legal and political background to the persistent disagreement, including the origin and foundation of divergent positions, such as, for instance, on head of state immunity and cooperation duties. It cautions against an oversimplification of ‘African’ views while also highlighting the progress made by some African countries in investigating, prosecuting, and adjudicating international crimes. It further examines the proposed expansion of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights’ jurisdiction to deal with serious crimes, including international crimes, and the implications thereof.

scholarly journals Routine HIV testing in acute care hospitals: Changing practice to curb a local HIV epidemic in Vancouver, BC

2020 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 106132
Author(s):  
Réka Gustafson ◽  
S. Ellen Demlow ◽  
Afshan Nathoo ◽  
Geoffrey McKee ◽  
Lauren E. MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Acute Care Hospitals ◽  
Changing Practice ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing

HIV-testing in a cancer center emergency department.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 225-225
Author(s):  
Bruno Palma Granwehr ◽  
Kelly W. Merriman ◽  
Zeena Shelal ◽  
Hadil Bazerbashi ◽  
Patricia A Brock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Comprehensive Cancer Center ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing ◽  
The Impact

225 Background: HIV is a cancer-associated virus classically associated with KS, NHL, and cervical cancer, but more recently with anal cancer, lung, and head and neck cancers. HIV testing and treatment are important for cancer patients for three reasons: 1) HIV treatment is associated with reduced transmission of a cancer-associated virus. 2) HIV treatment is associated with improved outcomes of cancer therapy in many cancers. 3) HIV testing optimizes quality of care, since testing is recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)(A level recommendation) for patients between the ages of 15 and 65 years of age. Since emergency centers (EC’s) commonly provide immunizations and other preventive care, we implemented HIV testing at our cancer center EC. Methods: In our 44 bed cancer center EC with approximately 25,000 annual visits, routine implementation by physician order was implemented in July 2014. EC information technology (IT) assisted in modification of the order sets and facilitated documentation of specific consent for HIV. Educational materials were disseminated to patients and EC providers. A new consent form with integration of HIV consent, including a check box to refuse HIV testing, was implemented on June 19, 2015. Testing results are described through August 2015. Results: HIV testing increased significantly from July 2014 and August 2015. The impact on institutional testing was considerable, increasing from 1.2% of all HIV testing in 2013 to 15.1% to date in 2015. Between July 2014 and August 2015, 1.4% (0.4% incident) of 852 patients screened positive for HIV. Notably, 83% of patients agreed to HIV testing, but less than 20% of patients were actually tested. The highest refusal rate (18.8%) was in patients over age 70 and lowest (9.9%) in those 21-29 years of age. Conclusions: Routine HIV testing is feasible in a comprehensive cancer center ED, but increased awareness is necessary to optimize testing, given the high acceptance rate. Seroprevalence of HIV is comparable to non-cancer center EC’s (0.5-1.2%). These results demonstrate the acceptance by patients of testing for HIV, with implications in reduction of transmission of this cancer-associated virus.

scholarly journals Routine HIV Testing in Botswana: A Population-Based Study on Attitudes, Practices, and Human Rights Concerns

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. e261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheri D Weiser ◽  
Michele Heisler ◽  
Karen Leiter ◽  
Fiona Percy-de Korte ◽  
Sheila Tlou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Routine Hiv Testing

Estimating the impact of HIV combination prevention in men who have sex with men, the Bangkok MSM Cohort Study, Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 637-641
Author(s):  
Sarika Pattanasin ◽  
Betsy L Cadwell ◽  
Dawn K Smith ◽  
Wichuda Sukwicha ◽  
Philip A Mock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Combination Prevention ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Combined Interventions

In Thailand, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is recommended for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention among at-risk men who have sex with men (MSM). We modeled the impact of PrEP and condom use as independent and combined interventions on the estimated number of HIV infections among a hypothetical population of 10,000 MSM in Bangkok, Thailand. Our model demonstrated a 92% (95% confidence interval 89.7, 94.2) reduction in HIV infections among Thai MSM who took daily PrEP and self-reported using condoms correctly and consistently (100% condom use). Increased use of PrEP and condoms likely would have a substantial impact on the HIV epidemic in Thailand.

Nurses and Requests for Female Genital Mutilation: cultural rights versus human rights

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Sala ◽  
Duilio Manara
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Female Genital

In this article we focus on female genital mutilation. We analyse this problem as one of the most important issues of multiculturalism, which is also coming to the attention of the public in Italy as a consequence of the growing number of immigrants from African countries. The fundamental problem is about the acceptability of this practice: can female genital mutilation be permitted and, if so, on what basis? We will try to cope with this as a genuine conflict between culture-relative values and universal values, such as human rights. Some attention will be drawn to Italian law. Finally, the impact on nurses of requests for genital mutilation will be described.

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