Mental health of unaccompanied asylum-seeking adolescents previously held in British detention centres

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A Ehntholt ◽  
David Trickey ◽  
Jean Harris Hendriks ◽  
Hannah Chambers ◽  
Mark Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Aim: To investigate whether the mental health of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children (UASC) was negatively affected by having their ages disputed and being detained. Method: Participants within this cross-sectional study were 35 UASC, aged between 13 and 17 when they were detained. Some years later, a team of child mental health professionals interviewed them to assess their current mental health and to determine, as far as possible, the impact that having their age disputed and being detained may have had on their mental health. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV), Reactions of Adolescents to Traumatic Stress (RATS), Stressful Life Events (SLE) and Detention Experiences Checklist–UK version (DEC-UK) were administered. Results: The vast majority of UASC reported being negatively affected. Based on diagnostic interviews using the SCID-IV, self-report measures and contemporaneous records, the professionals reported a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) developing in 29% ( n = 10), PTSD exacerbated in 51% ( n = 18), major depressive disorder (MDD) developing in 23% ( n = 8) and MDD exacerbated in 40% ( n = 14). A total of 3 years post-detention, 89% ( n = 31) met diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders and reported high PTSD symptoms. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of psychiatric disorder. The additional stress of age dispute procedures and detention was judged to have been harmful.

scholarly journals Mental health consequences of COVID-19: a nationally representative cross-sectional study of pandemic-related stressors and anxiety disorders in the USA

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e044125
Author(s):  
Salma M Abdalla ◽  
Catherine K Ettman ◽  
Gregory H Cohen ◽  
Sandro Galea
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Sectional Analysis

ObjectiveTo document the prevalence of anxiety disorders in the USA during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignA cross-sectional analysis.SettingA nationally representative sample in the USA between 31 March and 13 April 2020.Participants1450 English-speaking adult participants in the AmeriSpeak Panel. AmeriSpeak is a probability-based panel designed to be representative of households in the USA.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of probable generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) using the GAD-7 and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) using the four-item PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) checklist. Both outcomes were stratified by demographics and COVID-19-related stressors.ResultsThe majority of participants were female (51.8%), non-Hispanic white (62.9%) and reported a household saving of $5000 or more. Those between 18 and 29 years old were the largest age group (38.1%) compared with 40–59 years (32.0%) and 60 years or more (29.9%). The prevalence of probable GAD was 10.9% (95% CI 9.1% to 13.2%) and the prevalence of PTSS was 21.7% (95% CI 19.1% to 24.6%). Among participants reporting five or more COVID-19-related stressors, the prevalence of probable GAD was 20.5% (95% CI 16.1% to 25.8%) and the prevalence of PTSS was 35.7% (95% CI 30.2% to 41.6%). Experiencing five or more COVID-19-related stressors was a predictor of both probable GAD (OR=4.5, 95% CI 2.3 to 8.8) and PTSS (OR=3.3, 95% CI 2.1 to 5.1).ConclusionsThe prevalence of probable anxiety disorders in the USA, as the COVID-19 pandemic and policies implemented to tackle it unfolded, is higher than estimates reported prior to the pandemic and estimates reported following other mass traumatic events. Exposure to COVID-19-related stressors is associated with higher prevalence of both probable GAD and PTSS, highlighting the role these stressors play in increasing the risk of developing anxiety disorders in the USA. Mitigation and recovery policies should take into account the mental health toll the pandemic had on the USA population.

scholarly journals Potential traumatic events in the workplace and depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress: a cross-sectional study among Dutch gynaecologists, paediatricians and orthopaedic surgeons

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e033816
Author(s):  
Karel Willem Frank Scheepstra ◽  
Hannah S Pauw ◽  
Minouk Esmee van Steijn ◽  
Claire A I Stramrood ◽  
Miranda Olff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgeons ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Post Traumatic

ObjectiveTo compare the prevalence of work-related potential traumatic events (PTEs), support protocols and mental health symptoms across Dutch gynaecologists, orthopaedic surgeons and paediatricians.DesignCross-sectional study, supplementary analysis of combined data.SettingNationwide survey between 2014 and 2017.ParticipantsAn online questionnaire was sent to all Dutch gynaecologists, orthopaedic surgeons and paediatricians, including resident physicians (4959 physicians). 1374 questionnaires were eligible for analysis, corresponding with a response rate of 27.7%.Outcome measuresPrimary outcome measures were the prevalence of work-related PTEs, depression, anxiety, psychological distress and traumatic stress, measured with validated screening instruments (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Trauma Screening Questionnaire). Secondary outcomes were the association of mental health and defensive practice to traumatic events and support protocols.ResultsOf the respondents, 20.8% experienced a work-related PTE at least 4 weeks ago. Prevalence rates indicative of depression, anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were 6.4%, 13.6% and 1.5%, respectively. Depression (9.2% vs 5.2%, p=0.019), anxiety (18.2% vs 8.2%, p<0.001) and psychological distress (22.8% vs 12.5%, p<0.001) were significantly more prevalent in female compared with male attendings. The absence of a support protocol was significantly associated with more probable PTSD (p=0.022). Those who witnessed a PTE, reported more defensive work changes (28.0% vs 20.5%, p=0.007) and those with probable PTSD considered to quit medical work more often (60.0% vs 35.8%, p=0.032).ConclusionPhysicians are frequently exposed to PTEs with high emotional impact over the course of their career. Lacking a support protocol after adverse events was associated with more post-traumatic stress. Adverse events were associated with considering to quit medical practice and a more defensive practice. More awareness must be created for the mental health of physicians as well as for the implementation of a well-organised support system after PTEs.

scholarly journals Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Burnout in Healthcare Professionals During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Ioannis Ilias ◽  
Vassiliki Mantziou ◽  
Efstratios Vamvakas ◽  
Efstathia Kampisiouli ◽  
Maria Theodorakopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Reactions ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Healthcare professionals who are directly involved in the diagnosis, treatment, and general care of patients with SARS-CoV-2 are at risk of developing adverse psychological reactions. A cross-sectional study of healthcare professionals aimed to determine the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals in two of the largest referral hospitals in Athens, Greece. Methods The study was conducted in the two largest SARS-CoV-2 referral hospitals in Athens, Greece. An assessment and the interrelationship of post-traumatic stress disorder, using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised [IES-R]) and burnout, using the Maslach Burnout Inventory [MBI]) was carried out. Results A total of 162 subjects were enrolled in the study. Fifty-six (35%) had an IES-R score > 33, suggesting post-traumatic stress disorder. Forty-nine (30%) had an MBI score > 27. Seventy-five (46%) had a personal accomplishment score of < 33 and 46 (28%) had a depersonalization score >10. Stepwise backward logistic regression revealed that the only independent variable that was retained regarding the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder was the emotional exhaustion score of the MBI (at a cut-off of 24 in this scale, the 95% CI of the odds ratio for the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder was 1.077-1.173). Conclusions In this sample of first-line Greek healthcare professionals against SARS-CoV-2, most of them were proven to be quite resilient to this challenge. One-third of them had post-traumatic stress disorder, which depended on their degree of emotional exhaustion. Healthcare professionals, as represented by this study, performed their duties without feeling helpless and developing adverse psychological reactions.

Acknowledging Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Treatment Utilisation Amongst Israeli Bedouin and Jewish Combat Veterans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shai Shorer ◽  
Yael Caspi ◽  
Hadass Goldblatt ◽  
Faisal Azaiza
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Treatment Utilisation ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Many veterans coping with combat-post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) refrain from seeking psychological treatment. We explored the nature of illness recognition and treatment utilisation in two different cultural groups of Israeli veterans—Bedouin and Jewish. Using qualitative research methods, we interviewed twenty veterans dealing with PTSD (ten Bedouin and ten Jewish) and ten mental health professionals. Participants shared their experiences of symptoms, the ways they coped, and their perception of the costs and benefits of psychological treatment. Two main themes emerged: (i) ‘Veterans’ Perceptions of Their Mental Injury’. In stark contrast to their Jewish counterparts, Bedouin participants described extreme lack of understanding regarding the relationship between their exposure to combat trauma and their distress; (ii) ‘Veterans’ Perceptions of the Mental Health Services’. Bedouin veterans expressed fear of the stigma associated with PTSD and its detrimental social implications, for them and their families. Jewish veterans emphasised the beneficial and informative role of therapy. The findings underscore the impact of different cultural codes on help-seeking behaviours and on the ability to benefit from psychological treatment. It is recommended that mental health practitioners consider cultural backgrounds and individual differences when implementing trauma interventions, to fine-tune their suitability to veterans facing excessive barriers to care.

scholarly journals FREQUENCY OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AND DEPRESSION IN PEOPLE OF KHYBER PUKHTOONKHWA DUE TO TERRORISM

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-378
Author(s):  
KHURSHAID AHMAD ◽  
HAMID HUSSAIN ◽  
HAYAT MUHAMMAD KHAN ◽  
ZIA-U-REHMAN ◽  
NAEEMULLAH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVES: our study was to study the impact of terrorism on the people of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa handto assess the post traumatic effects of terrorism, in particular the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder anddepression in the people of Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa.METHODS: A descriptive, cross sectional study design was conducted in KPK from May 2011 toSeptember 2011.In this study subjects were people of KPK including IDPs, shopkeepers, students. Selfadministered questionnaires were filled by a sample of 450 respondents.RESULTS: The results showed that out of 51.2% people affected, 23.6% people had Post Traumatic StressDisorder and 6.9% were suffering from depression. 20.7% people were suffering from both Anxiety andDepression. 48.2% people were unaffected. SPSS and MS-Excel were used for the analysis of data.CONCLUSION: The study concludes that a majority of people in KPK were suffering from PostTraumatic Stress Disorder and depression due to constant threat of terrorism. These people have beenaffected in one or more ways. Some have lost their business and shelter and some have been personallyexposed to terrorism. These people who are positive for anxiety and depression need to be targeted forcounseling. Moreextensive research is needed in this area.KEYWORDS: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depression and Terrorism

scholarly journals Correlation Between Psychological Rumination and Symptoms of Traumatic Stress in Patients with Mild Paralysis in Acute Phase of Stroke: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Okihara ◽  
Kohei Koizumi ◽  
Hidetoshi Takahashi ◽  
Mayumi Suzuki ◽  
Tomonori Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Research shows that post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are common in survivors of acute life-threatening illnesses, and rumination is considered to be associated with PTSS. Additionally, post-stroke symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (sPTSD) usually manifest as a type of anxiety disorder after a stroke. This study investigated the prevalence of sPTSD and the relationship between PTSS and rumination.Methods: The participants comprised 29 patients admitted to the Saitama Medical University International Medical Center within one week after experiencing a stroke. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised Japanese version (IES-R-J) and Leuven Adaptation of the Rumination on Sadness Scale Japanese version (LARSS-J) were employed for the evaluation of PTSS, sPTSD, and rumination.Results: The 29 patients (15 males, mean age: 63 ± 11 years) were classified as follows: 17 patients with cerebral infarction, 10 patients with cerebral hemorrhage, and 2 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The ratio of persons with sPTSD (IES-R-J total score > 25) was 34% (10 patients). A significant positive correlation was found between PTSS and rumination (r = 0.460, p < 0.05).Conclusion: The findings indicated that approximately 30% of acute stroke patients experienced sPTSD, and that the severity of PTSS is related to rumination.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown Measures on the Mental Health of the General Population in the Gulf Cooperation Council States: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naif Al-Mutawa ◽  
Nourah Al-Mutairi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gcc Countries ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Restrictive Measures

Background: In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, and Oman), as in the rest of the world, the COVID-19 has been spreading since 2019, and it had a significant impact on various aspects of life. The outbreak and the restrictive measures imposed by countries to stop the spread of the virus could harm the mental health condition of the general population. This cross-sectional study aims to assess the impact of the pandemic on mental health and investigate the potential risk factors.Methods: An online survey was collected from individuals in GCC countries from May to October 2020. The final sample included 14,171 participants, 67.3% females and 60.4% younger than 35 years old. The survey consisted of depression, Anxiety, Insomnia, and post-traumatic stress questionnaires. Crude and adjusted Odds ratios are calculated using simple and multivariable logistic regressions to investigate the association between risk factors and mental health issues.Results: Endorsement rates for depression were 11,352 (80.1%), 9,544 (67.3%) for anxiety, 8,845 (63.9%) for insomnia and 9,046 (65.2%) for post-traumatic stress. Being female and younger age were associated with a higher likelihood of developing depression, anxiety, insomnia, and post-traumatic stress. In addition, participants with underlying psychological problems were three times more likely to develop depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms.Conclusion: According to the findings, women, youth, singles, divorced individuals, and individuals with pre-existing psychological and medical conditions are subject to a higher risk of mental health problems during the pandemic, which policy-makers should consider when imposing restrictive measures.

scholarly journals Positive Links Between Exposure to Police Violence, PTSD, and Depression Symptoms Among Yellow Vests Protesters in France

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052093586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Çelebi ◽  
Jais Adam-Troian ◽  
Yara Mahfud
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Police Violence ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic

Police violence during protests occurs worldwide with varying levels ranging from physical abuse to lethal use of force. Although prior research has investigated the health consequences of exposure to police violence (EPV), EPV’s relationship with protesters’ mental health has not yet been examined. Therefore, we designed a cross-sectional study which included measures of self-reported EPV, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. The computerized survey was disseminated among a large sample of Yellow Vests protesters in France ( N = 523; average protest attendance = 18). Overall, 49% of protesters displayed severe symptoms of depression and 15.5% met the criteria for provisory post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnoses. Subsequent analyses revealed, as expected, positive associations between EPV, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms in our sample (.30 < d < .63). These were robust to adjustment on several potential confounds (e.g., physical injuries, demographics, political extremism) and similar when analyzing provisory diagnoses rates (1.65 < OR < 3.02). This study is the first to assess potentially detrimental effects of EPV on mental health during protests. Furthermore, prevalence rates for both provisory depression and PTSD diagnoses were comparable with those found among war-refugee populations. We call for further research on EPV among various protester samples and use longitudinal designs to investigate a potent risk factor for mental health issues among civilian populations.

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