scholarly journals Factors impacting employment for people with autism spectrum disorder: A scoping review

Autism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Scott ◽  
Ben Milbourn ◽  
Marita Falkmer ◽  
Melissa Black ◽  
Sven Bӧlte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Disability And Health ◽  
Core Sets ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to holistically synthesise the extent and range of literature relating to the employment of individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Database searches of Medline, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Scopus, ERIC, Web of Science and EMBASE were conducted. Studies describing adults with autism spectrum disorder employed in competitive, supported or sheltered employment were included. Content analysis was used to identify the strengths and abilities in the workplace of employees with autism spectrum disorder. Finally, meaningful concepts relating to employment interventions were extracted and linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Sets for autism spectrum disorder. The search identified 134 studies for inclusion with methodological quality ranging from limited to strong. Of these studies, only 36 evaluated employment interventions that were coded and linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, primarily focusing on modifying autism spectrum disorder characteristics for improved job performance, with little consideration of the impact of contextual factors on work participation. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Sets for autism spectrum disorder are a useful tool in holistically examining the employment literature for individuals with autism spectrum disorder. This review highlighted the key role that environmental factors play as barriers and facilitators in the employment of people with autism spectrum disorder and the critical need for interventions which target contextual factors if employment outcomes are to be improved.

scholarly journals The Gestalt of functioning in autism spectrum disorder: Results of the international conference to develop final consensus International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health core sets

Autism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Bölte ◽  
Soheil Mahdi ◽  
Petrus J de Vries ◽  
Mats Granlund ◽  
John E. Robison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Disability And Health ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Core Sets

Autism spectrum disorder is associated with diverse social, educational, and occupational challenges. To date, no standardized, internationally accepted tools exist to assess autism spectrum disorder–related functioning. World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health can serve as foundation for developing such tools. This study aimed to identify a comprehensive, a common brief, and three age-appropriate brief autism spectrum disorder Core Sets. Four international preparatory studies yielded in total 164 second-level International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health candidate categories. Based on this evidence, 20 international autism spectrum disorder experts applied an established iterative decision-making consensus process to select from the candidate categories the most relevant ones to constitute the autism spectrum disorder Core Sets. The consensus process generated 111 second-level International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health categories in the Comprehensive Core Set for autism spectrum disorder—one body structure, 20 body functions, 59 activities and participation categories, and 31 environmental factors. The Common Brief Core Set comprised 60 categories, while the age-appropriate core sets included 73 categories in the preschool version (0- to 5-year-old children), 81 in the school-age version (6- to 16-year-old children and adolescents), and 79 in the older adolescent and adult version (⩾17-year-old individuals). The autism spectrum disorder Core Sets mark a milestone toward the standardized assessment of autism spectrum disorder–related functioning in educational, administrative, clinical, and research settings.

Audiological Rehabilitation After Cochlear Implantation: A New Model Developed Based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Lorens ◽  
Griet Mertens ◽  
Anja Kurz
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Disability And Health ◽  
Core Sets ◽  
Icf Core Sets

Abstract Background: There is a need for a more holistic approach to treating hearing impairment, as it affects many aspects of a person’s life, not just their hearing. This article describes how The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), particularly the ICF core sets for hearing loss, can be used to plan and evaluate the audiological (re)habilitation of cochlear implant (CI) recipients. Using the ICF core sets should help clinicians better address not only hearing impairment but also its consequences.Methods: The opinions of experts were gathered on their clinical experience about the most relevant ICF categories and codes to describe audiological rehabilitation after cochlear implantation. For the relevant ICF categories, the most commonly used audiological assessment tools and methods were identified.Results: The most relevant codes for Body Functions and Structures, Activity, and Participation were identified. These include: structure of the inner ear (s260), auditory nerve (s260), brainstem (s1105), midbrain (s1101), diencephalon (s1102), and cortical lobe (s110); sound detection (b2300); sound discrimination (b2301); localization of sound source (b2302); lateralization of sound (b2303); speech discrimination (b2304); listening (d115); communicating with – receiving – spoken messages (d310); handling stress and other psychological demands (d240); using communication devices and techniques (d360); conversation (d350); family relationships (d760); school education (d820); remunerative employment (d850); and community life (d910). The appropriate questionnaires as an assessment tools were proposed.Conclusions: Using the ICF can help target the holistic (re)habilitation of CI recipients and reduce hearing loss-induced deficits in function, activity, and participation.

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