Pre-electoral coalitions and cabinet stability in presidential systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 136914812110568
Author(s):  
Adrián Albala ◽  
André Borges ◽  
Lucas Couto
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Presidential Candidate ◽  
Electoral Coalitions ◽  
Coalition Stability ◽  
Presidential Systems ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Substantial Extent

Previous research on coalition stability in presidential systems has relied to a substantial extent on the parliamentary literature. By focusing on the post-electoral bargaining environment, these approaches have neglected the key role played by pre-electoral agreements formed around the winning presidential candidate in the making and breaking of coalitions under presidentialism. We claim that cabinets derived from pre-electoral coalition should foster trust and reduce uncertainty regarding partners’ future behaviour. However, the positive effect of pre-electoral coalitions over cabinet duration is conditional on cabinet status, that is, the control of a legislative majority or near majority. Therefore, we argue that pre-electoral coalition cabinets holding a majority or near majority of seats will be more durable than purely post-electoral majority coalitions, whereas minority pre-electoral coalition cabinets congruent should endure less than minority post-electoral coalition cabinets. We test these hypotheses using a dataset of pre- and post-electoral coalitions in 11 Latin American countries.

Electoral incentives to coalition formation in multiparty presidential systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 135406882095352 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Borges ◽  
Mathieu Turgeon ◽  
Adrián Albala
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Coalition Formation ◽  
Electoral Incentives ◽  
Electoral Coalitions ◽  
Presidential Regimes ◽  
Presidential Systems ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Substantial Extent

Coalition theories of presidential regimes have frequently assumed coalition formation is a mostly post-electoral phenomenon. We challenge this view by showing that pre-electoral bargaining shapes to a substantial extent minority presidents’ disposition to cooperate with the legislature by forming a majority cabinet. Examining a dataset of pre- and post-electoral coalitions from 18 Latin American countries, we find that majority coalition cabinets are more likely to occur when elected presidents form pre-electoral coalitions (PECs), to the extent that pre-electoral agreements create stronger incentives for cooperation, by relying on a broader set of rewards than any post-electoral agreement. Moreover, we find that the likelihood of majority coalition formation increases as the share of PEC seats increases, thus reducing the need to engage in post-electoral bargaining. Our findings carry important implications for the study of cabinet formation in presidential regimes by introducing pre-electoral agreements as a key determinant of cabinet formation.

Democratic attitudes and social capital in Latin America

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 767-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayan K. Pillai ◽  
Héctor Luis Díaz ◽  
Randall E. Basham ◽  
Johnny Ramírez-Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
National Study ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Democratic Attitudes ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Positive Effect

This article examines the effect of democratic attitudes on social capital in four Latin American countries. It relies on a secondary analysis of data from a multi-national study conducted in 2005—2006. Findings indicate that democratic attitudes had a significant positive effect on social capital even in rural settings, and that social capital increased as democratic attitudes improved.

Peruvian political rivals could unite behind Mendoza

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Extractive Industries ◽  
Presidential Candidate ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
United Front ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Latin American Countries

Subject A profile of Veronika Mendoza. Significance The election of Veronika Mendoza as presidential candidate for the Frente Amplio ahead of Peru's April elections, gives the left a credible representative in a race otherwise dominated by right-wing candidates. Mendoza is now well-placed to receive endorsement from other sectors of the left on condition that they gain priority positions on a parliamentary slate. Unlike in many other Latin American countries, the left has languished on the sidelines in Peruvian politics since the 1980s. Impacts If it can maintain a united front, the left looks likely to increase its presence in the next Congress. Mendoza represents a far more pragmatic left than that of the former generation of leaders. The left will continue to push for greater social responsibility on the part of extractive industries.

scholarly journals Do Remittances Promote Economic Growth and Reduce Poverty? Evidence from Latin American Countries

Economies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Ekanayake ◽  
Carlos Moslares
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Positive Effect

In this study, we explore the hypotheses that (a) workers’ remittances enhance economic growth in Latin American countries, and (b) workers’ remittances help reduce poverty in Latin American countries. In recent decades, workers’ remittances have become an important source of income for many developing countries and, as a global aggregate, workers’ remittances are the largest source of foreign financing after foreign direct investment. This paper analyzes the effects of workers’ remittances on economic growth and poverty in 21 Latin American countries. The study uses annual data covering all Latin American countries for the period 1980–2018. We employ panel least squares and panel fully-modified least squares (FMOLS) methods. In addition, we estimate the short-run and long-run effects of workers’ remittances on economic growth and poverty on individual countries with the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL-ECM) approach to co-integration analysis. The results reveal that workers’ remittances have a positive effect on long-run economic growth in the majority of the countries studied, but have mixed effects in the short-run. They also suggest that workers’ remittances tend to lower poverty rates in Latin America.

Trade, investment and finance – the ties between China and Latin America

2021 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Zhang Wanting
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Donor Country ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
Structure Of Trade ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Positive Effect

The growing importance of China in Latin America predetermines the need to study the directions of China's economic interests in the region. The article is devoted to the trade, investment and financial relations of China with the countries of Latin America. The trends of the development of mutual trade are studied, the geographical structure of trade is analyzed, and special attention is paid to the potential of trade cooperation. Within the framework of investment relations, the role of China as an investment donor country is emphasized, and its place among other investors in the Latin American region is determined. Noting the inadequacy of their own financial resources of Latin American countries for the implementation of investment projects, the mutually beneficial investment cooperation is highlighted. The materials presented and analyzed in the article indicate that the implementation of joint financial projects has a positive effect on ensuring the sustainability of the economies of Latin America and China. The obtained results of the study indicate the presence of potential for further cooperation.

scholarly journals Why Pre-Electoral Coalitions in Presidential Systems?

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Kellam
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Electoral Coalitions ◽  
Secure Access ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Presidential Systems ◽  
Government Benefits

Why do political parties join coalitions to support other parties’ presidential candidates if presidents, once elected, are not bound to their pre-electoral pledges? This article argues that policy agreements made publicly between coalition partners during the campaign help parties pursue policy goals. However, parties cannot use pre-electoral coalitions to secure access to patronage, pork and government benefits under the control of presidents because they cannot hold presidents accountable to these agreements. Quantitative analysis of Latin American electoral coalitions demonstrates that political parties are more likely to form presidential electoral coalitions as the ideological distance between them decreases. Yet presidential electoral coalitions tend not to include non-programmatic political parties, even though such office-oriented parties are unconstrained by ideological considerations.

Test Use in Spain, Portugal and Latin American Countries

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Muñiz ◽  
Gerardo Prieto ◽  
Leandro Almeida ◽  
Dave Bartram
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Test Construction ◽  
European Federation ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
Testing Practices ◽  
Professional Psychologists ◽  
Test Use ◽  
Latin American Countries

Summary: The two main sources of errors in educational and psychological evaluation are the lack of adequate technical and psychometric characteristics of the tests, and especially the failure to properly implement the testing process. The main goal of the present research is to study the situation of test construction and test use in the Spanish-speaking (Spain and Latin American countries) and Portuguese-speaking (Portugal and Brazil) countries. The data were collected using a questionnaire constructed by the European Federation of Professional Psychologists Association (EFPPA) Task Force on Tests and Testing, under the direction of D. Bartram . In addition to the questionnaire, other ad hoc data were also gathered. Four main areas of psychological testing were investigated: Educational, Clinical, Forensic and Work. Key persons were identified in each country in order to provide reliable information. The main results are presented, and some measures that could be taken in order to improve the current testing practices in the countries surveyed are discussed. As most of the tests used in these countries were originally developed in other cultures, a problem that appears to be especially relevant is the translation and adaptation of tests.

Test movement in Ibero-Latin American countries

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange Muglia Wechsler ◽  
Maria Perez Solis ◽  
Conceicao Ferreira ◽  
Isabel Magno ◽  
Norma Contini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Latin American Countries

The Spanish Translation of Les Leçons de chimie élémentaire: On the Legal Status of Translation and its Various Values

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
Tania P. Hernández-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Spanish Translation ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Translation Rights ◽  
International Legal System ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Legal Battle

Throughout the nineteenth century, European booksellers and publishers, mostly from France, England, Germany and Spain, produced textual materials in Europe and introduced them into Mexico and other Latin American countries. These transatlantic interchanges unfolded against the backdrop of the emergence of the international legal system to protect translation rights and required the involvement of a complex network of agents who carried with them publishing, translating and negotiating practices, in addition to books, pamphlets, prints and other goods. Tracing the trajectories of translated books and the socio-cultural, economic and legal forces shaping them, this article examines the legal battle over the translation and publishing rights of Les Leçons de chimie élémentaire, a chemistry book authored by Jean Girardin and translated and published in Spanish by Jean-Frédéric Rosa. Drawing on a socio-historical approach to translation, I argue that the arguments presented by both parties are indicative of the uncertainty surrounding the legal status of translated texts and of the different values then attributed to translation.

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