scholarly journals Where policy and practice collide: Comparing United States, South African and European Union approaches to protecting children online

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 750-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Bulger ◽  
Patrick Burton ◽  
Brian O’Neill ◽  
Elisabeth Staksrud
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South African ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Policy Frameworks ◽  
The World ◽  
Online Abuse ◽  
Online Behaviour ◽  
Global North ◽  
North And South

That children have a right to protection when they go online is an internationally well-established principle, upheld in laws that seek to safeguard children from online abuse and exploitation. However, children’s own transgressive behaviour can test the boundaries of this protection regime, creating new dilemmas for lawmakers the world over. This article examines the policy response from both the Global North and South to young people’s online behaviour that may challenge adult conceptions of what is acceptable, within existing legal and policy frameworks. It asks whether the ‘childhood innocence’ implied in much protection discourse is a helpful basis for promoting children’s rights in the digital age. Based on a comparative analysis of the emerging policy trends in Europe, South Africa and the United States, the article assesses the implications for policymakers and child welfare specialists as they attempt to redraw the balance between children’s online safety while supporting their agency as digital citizens.

scholarly journals Testing the inescapable network of mutuality: Albert Luthuli, Martin Luther King Jr and the challenges of post-liberation South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan A. Boesak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Martin Luther ◽  
The United States ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Faith Commitment ◽  
The World ◽  
Ethical Stance ◽  
Martin Luther King

The assassination of Martin Luther King Jr, 50 years ago on 04 April 1968, has been recalled in the United States with memorial services, conferences, public discussions and books. In contrast, the commemoration in 2017 of the death of Albert John Mvumbi Luthuli, 50 years ago on December 1967, passed almost unremarked. That is to our detriment. Yet, these two Christian fighters for freedom, in different contexts, did not only have much in common, but they also left remarkably similar and equally inspiring legacies for South Africa, the United States and the world in the ways they lived their lives in complete faith commitment to ideals and ways of struggle that may guide us in the ongoing struggles to make the world a more just, peacable and humane place. For South African reflections on our ethical stance in the fierce, continuing struggles for justice, dignity and the authenticity of our democracy, I propose that these two leaders should be considered in tandem. We should learn from both. This article engages Martin Luther King Jr’s belief in the ‘inescapable network of mutuality’, applies it to the struggle for freedom in South Africa and explores the ways in which South Africans can embrace these ethical ideals in facing the challenges of post-liberation.

Remapping the (Black) Nation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Robolin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South African ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black Arts Movement ◽  
Large Role ◽  
Black Arts ◽  
Cultural Milieu ◽  
The World ◽  
Poetry Collection

This chapter traces the migration of a later South African exile, Keorapetse Kgositsile, who emigrated to the United States in 1962. It argues that Kgositsile labored to reconfigure how readers understood the world to be arranged, and his repeated, explicitly geographic references throughout his 1971 poetry collection My Name Is Afrika played a large role in this process. Guided by the principles of the burgeoning Black Arts Movement he engaged upon arriving in the United States, his poems sutured together South African and American sites of black revolutionary struggle. By insistently coupling South African and American places, his poetry militated against the segregationist logic encouraged by South African and U.S. states to keep liberation efforts on either shore separate. Kgositsile's approach was based in a dynamic cultural milieu, and occasional turns to his ideological foils and counterparts—from Nat Nakasa to Gil Scott-Heron—help to put his artistic project into relief.

Legal, Policy and Practice Issues for Intercountry Adoptions in the United States

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Carstens ◽  
María Juliía
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Legal Policy ◽  
The World

The last twenty years has seen a steady increase in the number of intercountry adoptions, with the United States as the major receiving country in the world. Carol Carstens and María Julía analyse this phenomenon and suggest certain legal and policy changes for the protection and benefit of intercountry adoptees and their families.

The Evolving Inter-Korean Relationship and Regional Politics

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Joo Han
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regional Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Realistic Assessment ◽  
North And South

The historic June 2000 summit and subsequent exchanges between North and South Korea have added a new dimension to not only South-North Korean relations but also the situation in Northeast Asia as a whole. On one hand, the thawing South- North Korean relations has generated great optimism among those who see it as an irrefutable sign of North Korea's intention to join the rest of the world as a constructive player. At the other extreme, it is seen as a deceptive, if not desperate, act on the part of North Korea to reap economic gains and lower the guard of South Korea and its allies, principally the United States. Perhaps a more realistic assessment lies somewhere between these polar analyses.

scholarly journals The Requests of Syrians in America to End the Enduring Indifference of the Ottoman Authorities

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 113-128
Author(s):  
Paola Viviani
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Western Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Insight Into

The migration of Syrians to America in the 19th and 20th centuries is a major issue which has been widely covered in both fictional and non-fictional literature. Over the same period, many Arab magazines were founded both in North and South America, or “migrated” to those countries. An example is al-Jāmiʿa, which was relocated from Alexandria, Egypt, to New York in 1906, where its founder, the renowned intellectual Faraḥ Anṭūn, was able to undertake a profound study of Western society. Not only did this give him a better insight into that society, but also helped him to better understand the critical issues in his native milieu and the tensions between Turks and Arabs, which often came to the fore, especially when the latter expected the former to help them through important phases of their social, civil, and economic life even in the land they migrated to. This paper analyses an article in al-Jāmiʿa by Nāṣīf Shiblī Damūs, previously published in the epony-mous newspaper, in which Syrian migrants in the United States, with Anṭūn supporting them, lament the indifference of the Ottoman authorities toward them and put forward a number of specific requests, using the magazine as a means of making themselves heard by the entire Arab and Ottoman community throughout the world.

Fanonian practices in South Africa: From Steve Biko to Abahlali baseMjondolo (Nigel Gibson)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munyaradzi Mawere
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Latin America ◽  
South African ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black Theology ◽  
Frantz Fanon ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The World

Frantz Fanon, the Algerian theorist of revolution and social change, continues living through his profoundly luminous work that remains influential to the thinking and actions of many a people across the world even today. In Fanonian Practices in South Africa (2011), which comprises an introduction and five chapters, Nigel Gibson grapples with the important question of the relevance of Fanon's thought, 50 years after his death in 1961, to the South African situation especially from the time of Steve Biko to the time of the birth of the shack dwellers' movement, Abahlali baseMjondolo (Abahlali) in Durban on 19 March 2005. Gibson acknowledges that the idea of Fanonian Practices is not limited to South Africa but relevant also for other African countries. Elsewhere, Fanon's ideas have been exported to Black theology of liberation by scholars such as James Cone in the United States of America (USA) and Paulo Freire in Latin America.

Rate and Length of Imprisonment

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Doleschal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Criminal Penalties ◽  
Justice Systems

This paper discusses the rate and length of imprisonment in The Netherlands, Denmark, and Sweden, which have possibly the most advanced and most humane criminal justice systems in the world. Sen tencing policy and practice in these countries produce commitment figures which carry a message for the United States: increasing the harshness of criminal penalties and the size of the prison population is an irrational— and certainly ineffective—response to crime.

Engineering inter-imperialism: American miners and the transformation of global mining, 1871–1910

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Tuffnell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South African ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
South American ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
North And South

AbstractThis article examines the transnational circulation of American mine engineers between the United States, southern Africa, and the Americas in the late nineteenth century. Technology and knowledge was diffused worldwide with the circulation of American engineers who styled themselves as expert race managers as they compared the labour practices of mines across the world. The article's focus is the extension of the United States’ global footprint to South Africa, where an expatriate ‘colony’ of American engineers created a resilient form of Anglo-American inter-imperial collaboration. As they worked the Rand, American engineers made transnational comparisons of South African and North and South American mines. In the process, they led a global discussion of the efficiency of mining labour that reified white management of other races. After leaving the Rand, American engineers migrated across the globe, many to Mexico, where the interwoven networks of expert knowledge, industrial capitalism, and transnational race-making that characterized late nineteenth-century global mining followed.

Sex Differences in Mass Media Preferences Across Four Asian Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Ratnasingam ◽  
Lee Ellis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Evolutionary Explanation ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Media Preferences

Background. Nearly all of the research on sex differences in mass media utilization has been based on samples from the United States and a few other Western countries. Aim. The present study examines sex differences in mass media utilization in four Asian countries (Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, and Singapore). Methods. College students self-reported the frequency with which they accessed the following five mass media outlets: television dramas, televised news and documentaries, music, newspapers and magazines, and the Internet. Results. Two significant sex differences were found when participants from the four countries were considered as a whole: Women watched television dramas more than did men; and in Japan, female students listened to music more than did their male counterparts. Limitations. A wider array of mass media outlets could have been explored. Conclusions. Findings were largely consistent with results from studies conducted elsewhere in the world, particularly regarding sex differences in television drama viewing. A neurohormonal evolutionary explanation is offered for the basic findings.

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