Self-tracking of/and time: From technological to biographical and political temporalities of work and sitting

Abstract Background: The workplace is a prominent domain for excessive sitting. The consequences of increased sitting time include adverse health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease and poor mental wellbeing. There is evidence that breaking up sitting could improve health, however, any such intervention in the workplace would need to be informed by a theoretical evidence-based framework. The aim of this study was to use the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) to develop a tailored intervention to break up and reduce workplace sitting in desk-based workers. Methods: The BCW guide was followed for this qualitative, pre-intervention development study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 office workers (26-59 years, mean age 40.9 [SD=10.8] years; 68% female) who were purposively recruited from local council offices and a university in the East of England region. The interview questions were developed using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Transcripts were deductively analysed using the COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behaviour) model of behaviour. The Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy Version 1 (BCTv1) was thereafter used to identify possible strategies that could be used to facilitate change in sitting behaviour of office workers in a future intervention. Results: Qualitative analysis using COM-B identified that participants felt that they had the physical Capability to break up their sitting time, however, some lacked the psychological Capability in relation to the knowledge of both guidelines for sitting time and the consequences of excess sitting. Social and physical Opportunity was identified as important, such as a supportive organisational culture (social) and the need for environmental resources (physical). Reflective and automatic Motivation was highlighted as a core target for intervention. Seven intervention functions and three policy categories from the BCW were identified as relevant. Finally, 39 behaviour change techniques (BCTs) were identified as potential active components for an intervention to break up sitting time in the workplace. Conclusions: The TDF, COM-B model and BCW can be successfully applied through a systematic process to understand the drivers of behaviour of office workers to develop a co-created intervention that can be used to break up and decrease prolonged sitting in the workplace.

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Breaking barriers: using the Behavior Change Wheel to develop a tailored intervention to overcome workplace inhibitors to breaking up sitting time

10.21203/rs.2.10405/v4 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Samson O Ojo ◽

Daniel P. Bailey ◽

Marsha L. Brierley ◽

David J. Hewson ◽

Angel M. Chater

Keyword(s):

Behaviour Change ◽

Theoretical Domains Framework ◽

Office Workers ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Mental Wellbeing ◽

Behaviour Change Techniques ◽

Tailored Intervention ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Behaviour Change Technique ◽

Break Up

Abstract Background: The workplace is a prominent domain for excessive sitting. The consequences of increased sitting time include adverse health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease and poor mental wellbeing. There is evidence that breaking up sitting could improve health, however, any such intervention in the workplace would need to be informed by a theoretical evidence-based framework. The aim of this study was to use the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) to develop a tailored intervention to break up and reduce workplace sitting in desk-based workers. Methods: The BCW guide was followed for this qualitative, pre-intervention development study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 office workers (26-59 years, mean age 40.9 [SD=10.8] years; 68% female) who were purposively recruited from local council offices and a university in the East of England region. The interview questions were developed using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Transcripts were deductively analysed using the COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behaviour) model of behaviour. The Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy Version 1 (BCTv1) was thereafter used to identify possible strategies that could be used to facilitate change in sitting behaviour of office workers in a future intervention. Results: Qualitative analysis using COM-B identified that participants felt that they had the physical Capability to break up their sitting time, however, some lacked the psychological Capability in relation to the knowledge of both guidelines for sitting time and the consequences of excess sitting. Social and physical Opportunity was identified as important, such as a supportive organisational culture (social) and the need for environmental resources (physical). Reflective and automatic Motivation was highlighted as a core target for intervention. Seven intervention functions and three policy categories from the BCW were identified as relevant. Finally, 39 behaviour change techniques (BCTs) were identified as potential active components for an intervention to break up sitting time in the workplace. Conclusions: The TDF, COM-B model and BCW can be successfully applied through a systematic process to understand the drivers of behaviour of office workers to develop a co-created intervention that can be used to break up and decrease prolonged sitting in the workplace.

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Effects of subtracting sitting versus adding exercise on glycemic control and variability in sedentary office workers

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2014-0157 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (11) ◽

pp. 1286-1293 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Jennifer M. Blankenship ◽

Kirsten Granados ◽

Barry Braun

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Glycemic Variability ◽

Office Workers ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise

Recent evidence suggests that, like adding exercise, reducing sitting time may improve cardiometabolic health. There has not been a direct comparison of the 2 strategies with energy expenditure held constant. The purpose of this study was to compare fasting and postmeal glucose and insulin concentrations in response to a day with frequent breaks from sitting but no exercise versus considerable sitting plus moderate exercise. Ten sedentary overweight/obese office workers were tested in 3 conditions: (i) walking per activity guidelines (AGW): sitting for majority of workday with a 30 min pre-lunch walk; (ii) frequent long breaks (FLB): no structured exercise but frequent breaks from sitting during workday with energy expenditure matched to AGW; and (iii) frequent short breaks (FSB): number of breaks matched to FLB, but duration of breaks were shorter. Plasma glucose and insulin areas under the curve were measured in response to a meal tolerance test (MTT) at the end of the workday and interstitial glucose was evaluated throughout the day and overnight using continuous glucose monitoring. Using repeated-measures linear mixed models, area under the curve of plasma glucose or insulin after the MTT was not different between conditions. Glycemic variability was lower in FLB compared with AGW (p < 0.05), and nocturnal duration of elevated glucose (>7.8 mmol/L) was shorter after FLB (2.5 ± 2.5 min) than AGW (32.7 ± 16.4 min) or FSB (45.6 ± 29.6 min, p = 0.05). When energy expenditure was matched, breaks from sitting approximated the effects of moderate-intensity exercise on postmeal glucose and insulin responses and more effectively constrained glycemic variability.

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A three arm cluster randomised controlled trial to test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the SMART Work & Life intervention for reducing daily sitting time in office workers: study protocol

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-018-6017-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Charlotte L. Edwardson ◽

Stuart J. H. Biddle ◽

Alexandra Clarke-Cornwell ◽

Stacy Clemes ◽

Melanie J. Davies ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Study Protocol ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Work Life ◽

Office Workers ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Cluster Randomised ◽

Randomised Controlled

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Reducing sitting time in office workers: Efficacy and acceptability of sit-stand workstations

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport ◽

10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.480 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. S196 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

G. Healy ◽

T. Alkhajah ◽

E. Winkler ◽

N. Owen ◽

E. Eakin

Keyword(s):

Office Workers ◽

Sitting Time

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An Integrative, Systematic Review Exploring the Research, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance of Interventions to Reduce Sedentary Behaviour in Office Workers

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15122876 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 2876 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bradley MacDonald ◽

Xanne Janssen ◽

Alison Kirk ◽

Mhairi Patience ◽

Ann-Marie Gibson

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Primary Outcome ◽

Office Workers ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Published Research ◽

Significant Health ◽

Effective Translation

Sedentary behaviour is associated with poor health outcomes, and office-based workers are at significant health risk, as they accumulate large proportions of their overall sitting time at work. The aim of this integrated systematic review was to collate and synthesize published research on sedentary behaviour interventions in the workplace that have reported on at least one an aspect of the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. Studies were included if they involved adult office workers, were conducted in an office setting, and changes in sedentary behaviour had been measured as a primary outcome. Five electronic databases were searched yielding 7234 articles, with 75 articles (61 individual interventions) meeting the inclusion criteria. Reach indicators were the most frequently reported RE-AIM dimensions, which were reported on average 59% of the time. Efficacy/effectiveness was the second most reported dimension at 49% reporting across all of the indicators. Implementation indicators were reported an average of 44% of the time, with indicators of adoption and maintenance reported as the lowest of all indicators at 13% and 8%, respectively. Recommendations are provided to improve reporting across all RE-AIM dimensions, which is an important first step to enable the effective translation of interventions into real world settings.

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Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Breaking Up Sitting Time among Desk-Based Office Workers: A Qualitative Investigation Using the TDF and COM-B

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16162903 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (16) ◽

pp. 2903 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Samson O. Ojo ◽

Daniel P. Bailey ◽

David J. Hewson ◽

Angel M. Chater

Keyword(s):

Behaviour Change ◽

Theoretical Domains Framework ◽

Perceived Barriers ◽

Barriers And Facilitators ◽

Office Workers ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Future Research ◽

Behaviour Change Techniques ◽

Organisational Support ◽

Sitting Behaviour

High amounts of sedentary behaviour, such as sitting, can lead to adverse health consequences. Interventions to break up prolonged sitting in the workplace have used active workstations, although few studies have used behaviour change theory. This study aimed to combine the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation to Behaviour system (COM-B) to investigate perceived barriers and facilitators to breaking up sitting in desk-based office workers. Semi-structured interviews with 25 desk-based employees investigated barriers and facilitators to breaking up sitting in the workplace. Seven core inductive themes were identified: ‘Knowledge-deficit sitting behaviour’, ‘Willingness to change’, ‘Tied to the desk’, ‘Organisational support and interpersonal influences’, ‘Competing motivations’, ‘Emotional influences’, and ‘Inadequate cognitive resources for action’. These themes were then deductively mapped to 11 of the 14 TDF domains and five of the six COM-B constructs. Participants believed that high amounts of sitting had adverse consequences but lacked knowledge regarding recommendations and were at times unmotivated to change. Physical and social opportunities were identified as key influences, including organisational support and height-adjustable desks. Future research should identify intervention functions, policy categories and behaviour change techniques to inform tailored interventions to change sitting behaviour of office workers.

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