Mechanical design of flywheels for energy storage: A review with state-of-the-art developments

2017 ◽  
Vol 233 (5) ◽  
pp. 995-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio Dragoni
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Multilayered Structure ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Simple Relationship

For years, engineers and designers have capitalized on electrochemical batteries for long-term energy storage, which can only last for a finite number of charge–discharge cycles. More recently, compressed hydrogen is being scrutinized as a large-scale storage medium but this poses the risk of spreading high-pressure vessels with inflammable content. Historically, flywheels have provided an effective way to smooth out speed fluctuations in irregular machines and mechanisms. With advancements in composite materials, magnetic bearings, and mechatronic drives, flywheels have become the subject of extensive research as power storage devices for mobile or fixed installations. Flywheel energy storage systems are considered to be an attractive alternative to electrochemical batteries due to higher stored energy density, higher life term, deterministic state of charge and ecological operation. The mechanical performance of a flywheel can be attributed to three factors: material strength, geometry, and rotational speed. Focusing on the simple relationship between these variables, this paper reviews the literature of flywheel technology and explores the merits of four simple but unconventional flywheel configurations that have not been examined so far. Two geometries assume the use of monolithic isotropic materials two solutions are based on the use of high-strength strips or tapes wound up to form a multilayered structure.

Mechanical Performance of Concrete Thermal Energy Storage Subject to Operating Thermal Demands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuoyu Wang ◽  
Ahmed Abdulridha ◽  
Spencer Quiel ◽  
Clay Naito ◽  
Muhannad Sulieman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Loading ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Principal Stresses ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Abstract This paper presents a lab-scale investigation of the use of structural concrete for sensible heat storage in power plants. Transient thermal and mechanical analyses are simulated via coupled finite element models to study the thermo-mechanical performance of a cylindrical concrete block with 4-in diameter and 8-in length under thermal loading. The model is validated by performing experiments on high strength concrete (HSC) cylinders with this geometry in an oven, which heats the specimens from the outside. The models are then modified to simulate thermal energy storage (TES) application with thermal loading applied at the interior surface of a hole running through the longitudinal center of the cylinder. Thermal cycles have a varying heating rate (5, 10, or 24 hours) followed by consistent durations of soaking (2 hours) and cooling (13 hours). In the TES simulations, a steel jacket is also applied to the external surface of the concrete cylinder to provide confinement. The resulting thermal distribution and maximum principal stresses during heating and cooling are observed as a function of time. This study provides insight into the mechanical requirements and impact on material integrity for concrete modules subjected to representative TES heating regimes.

Experiment Study on Mechanical Performance of Shale Lightweight Aggregate Concrete

2012 ◽  
Vol 530 ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Zhao Yang Ding
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Mineral Admixtures ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Volume Stability ◽  
Binder Ratio

High performance lightweight aggregate concrete is a kind of lightweight environment-protected building material with high strength, good workability, volume stability and durability, which is widely used in large scale engineering and some important engineering. In this paper water-binder ratio, fly ash content, pre-wetting time, sand ratio were tested to explore the comprehensive strength of lightweight aggregate concrete(LWAC). SEM was used to observe the microstructure characteristics of the specimens. The results showed that LWAC produced in the experiment present good performance, whose apparent density was 1760 Kg/m3～1930Kg/m3, 28d compressive strength was 55MPa～60MPa. Reasonable amounts of sand ratio(38%) and mineral admixtures(10%) were exited and the self-strength of lightweight aggregate played an important role in the preparation of LWAC. In the meanwhile, lightweight aggregates which were pre-wetted effectively increased the later strength.

Study on the Key Technology of Membrane Roof Structure of Expo Axis in 2010 Shanghai World Expo

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 1949-1953
Author(s):  
Hao Song ◽  
Hong Bo Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Membrane Unit ◽  
Key Technology ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
Layer Membrane

The large scale cable-membrane structure is widely used in the Expo Axis. The structure is composed of continuous triangle shaped membrane unit. The representative local part of membrane structure is selected to carry out double-layer membrane strength experiment and reduced-scale experiment to test its mechanical performance and strength index during tension. The results show that the bearing capacity of double-layer membrane structure is more than 1.8 times of single-layer membrane. Material strength and joint strength are all in agreement with the design. Through the analysis of membrane shape decision and membrane processing key technology, it is concluded that form-finding must be considered in membrane self-weight, and the reinforcement membrane and ontology membrane should be at the same direction.

Mechanical Design of Small-Bore Electromagnetic Launchers

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
A. K. Thakore ◽  
E. P. Fahrenthold
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Pulsed Power ◽  
Power Supplies ◽  
Fatigue Reliability ◽  
Electromagnetic Launchers ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Low Modulus ◽  
Fast Fracture

The development of special-purpose pressure vessels for small-bore, high-velocity electromagnetic launchers has characteristically employed low modulus composites and bolted steel frames. Such designs exhibit low structural stiffness, particularly at high operating currents. Although these designs can be modified to improve mechanical performance, numerical modeling results indicate that basic changes are needed to allow operation at the high bore pressures characteristic of newly developed pulsed power supplies. The indicated design changes introduce a requirement for fast fracture and fatigue reliability analysis of low tensile strength ceramic parts.

LESCALLOY 300M VAC ARC

Alloy Digest ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Low Alloy Steel ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
High Hardenability ◽  
Ingot Structure

Abstract LESCALLOY 300M VAC ARC is a low-alloy steel with an excellent combination of high hardenability and high strength coupled with good ductility and good toughness. Its tensile strength ranges from 280,000 to 300,000 psi. It is produced by the vacuum consumable electrode melting process to provide optimum cleanliness and preferred ingot structure. Its applications include aircraft components, pressure vessels and fasteners. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SA-321. Producer or source: Latrobe Steel Company. Originally published March 1976, revised February 1993.

AVESTA 2205 CODE PLUS TWO

Alloy Digest ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Duplex Microstructure ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Desalination Plants

Abstract AVESTA 2205 is a ferritic-austenitic duplex stainless steel. It resists stress-corrosion cracking very well and has good pitting and general corrosion resistance. Its high strength and stress-corrosion resisting characteristics are a reflection of its duplex microstructure. Its uses include heat exchangers, desalination plants, and pressure vessels that need good resistance to corrosion. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-472. Producer or source: Avesta Sheffield Inc. Originally published July 1986, revised March 1993.

scholarly journals Research on capacity optimization of micro-grid hybrid energy storage system based on simulated annealing artificial fish swarm algorith with memory function

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 01023
Author(s):  
Yuan An ◽  
Jianing Li ◽  
Cenyue Chen
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Annealing ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage System ◽  
With Memory

The intermittence and uncertainty of wind power and photovoltaic power have hindered the large-scale development of both. Therefore, it is very necessary to properly configure energy storage devices in the wind-solar complementary power grid. For the hybrid energy storage system composed of storage battery and supercapacitor, the optimization model of hybrid energy storage capacity is established with the minimum comprehensive cost as the objective function and the energy saving and charging state as the constraints. A simulated annealing artificial fish school algorithm with memory function is proposed to solve the model. The results show that the hybrid energy storage system can greatly save costs and improve system economy.

Stress Field Around a Large Opening in a Pressure Vessel During a Major Repair

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Garrido ◽  
Euro Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Mechanical Equipment ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
Large Opening ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
Case Basis

It is a regular practice in the oil industry to modify mechanical equipment to incorporate new technologies and to optimize production. In the case of pressure vessels, it is occasionally required to cut large openings in their walls in order to have access to the interior part of the equipment for executing modifications. This cutting process produces temporary loads, which were obviously not considered in the original mechanical design. Up to now, there is not a general purpose specification for approaching the assessments of stress levels once a large opening in a vertical pressure vessel has been made. Therefore stress distributions around large openings are analyzed on a case-by-case basis without a reference scheme. This work studies the distribution of the von Mises equivalent stresses around a large opening in FCC Regenerators during internal cyclone replacement, which is a frequently required practice for this kind of equipment. A finite element parametric model was developed in ANSYS, and both numerical results and illustrating figures are presented.

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