Digitally shaped ethnographic relationships during a global pandemic and beyond

2021 ◽  
pp. 146879412110522
Author(s):  
Jaymelee J Kim ◽  
Sierra Williams ◽  
Erin R Eldridge ◽  
Amanda J Reinke
Keyword(s):  
Public Safety ◽  
Relationship Development ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Ethnographic Methods ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Rapport Building ◽  
Access To The Field ◽  
Virtual Interactions

Social distancing and public safety measures enacted in response to COVID-19 created a surge in methodological “advice” for researchers facing disruption to fieldwork. Resources and publications frequently encouraged changes vis-a-vis digitally enhanced methods or employment of digital ethnography. For ethnographers, the establishment and maintenance of ethnographic relationships in pandemic contexts restricted to virtual interactions has not been thoroughly explored, leaving those trained in recruitment, rapport-building, and field engagement with fewer resources to navigate this integral topic. Here, we provide insights into how ethnographic relationships may be developed when there is limited access to the field and traditional relationship building is not possible. We argue that as ethnographic methods change and adapt, so too must perspectives on ethnographic relationship development. By closely examining ethnographic relationships confined to digital spaces in the context of the Tennessee tornado recovery amid the COVID-19 pandemic, this project sheds light on how to overcome this challenge.

scholarly journals The Experimental Generation of Interpersonal Closeness: A Procedure and Some Preliminary Findings

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Aron ◽  
Edward Melinat ◽  
Elaine N. Aron ◽  
Robert Darrin Vallone ◽  
Renee J. Bator
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Relationship Development ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Small Talk ◽  
Interpersonal Closeness ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Intensity Study ◽  
Adequate Power

A practical methodology is presented for creating closeness in an experimental context. Whether or not an individual is in a relationship, particular pairings of individuals in the relationship, and circumstances of relationship development become manipulated variables. Over a 45-min period subject pairs carry out self-disclosure and relationship-building tasks that gradually escalate in intensity. Study 1 found greater postinteraction closeness with these tasks versus comparable small-talk tasks. Studies 2 and 3 found no significant closeness effects, inspite of adequate power, for (a) whether pairs were matched for nondisagreement on important attitudes, (b) whether pairs were led to expect mutual liking, or (c) whether getting close was made an explicit goal. These studies also illustrated applications for addressing theoretical issues, yielding provocative tentative findings relating to attachment style and introversion/extraversion.

At-home ethnography: a native researcher’s fieldwork reflections

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azher Hameed Qamar
Keyword(s):  
Primary Objective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Fieldwork Experience ◽  
Rapport Building ◽  
Contextual Sensitivity ◽  
Native Context ◽  
Access To The Field ◽  
Building Rapport ◽  
At Home

PurposeIn last few decades, the native anthropology has been highlighted for its potential to immediately grasping cultural familiarity, contextual sensitivity, and rapport building. Nevertheless, detachment from the native context is also seen as a challenge for the native researcher. This paper aims to provide invaluable information about the fieldwork experience of the author as a native researcher in rural Punjab Pakistan. The author presents and reflects the fieldwork challenges faced and the strategies used to overcome the challenges. The primary objective of this paper is to discuss the methodological strategies to face the challenges of doing at-home ethnography.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in native context.FindingsDealing with contextual complexity and sensitivity with the author’s native learning, the author used native knowledge as a useful resource to investigate insider’s perspective on infant care belief practices. Furthermore, the author addressed the challenges related to building rapport, gaining friendly access to the families and children, and setting aside presumptions. The author discusses the strategies opted, such as selecting a research assistant, gaining access to the field, planning fieldwork and bracketing native presumptions.Practical implicationsThis paper provides important insight of at-home ethnography and technical understanding to conduct fieldwork in native contexts.Originality/valueBased on my ethnographic fieldwork, this article contributes in contemporary debates on the challenges in doing at-home ethnography.

scholarly journals Consumer behaviour during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 403-408
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Grocery Shopping ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Working People ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Main Instrument

Background. COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant threat in area of public health. In the light of dynamic increase of infections European countries decided to implement special safety measures in order to stop spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Reduction of the activity of shopping galleries, grocery stores and gastronomy directly impacted the change of consumer behaviours. Objective. The aim of this research was the analysis of consumer behaviour during COVID-19 pandemic regarding the use of gastronomical services, grocery shopping and undertaken safety measures. Material and methods. The main instrument was original survey conducted on-line in November 2020. The form consisted of metrics and close-ended questions about consumer behaviour during COVID-19 pandemic. 1080 respondents took part in the study (females - 850; men - 230). Results were mapped out in Statistics 13.1 program and graphical representation was prepared in Microsoft Excel. Results. More than half of respondents were working people (n=629; 58%). Vast majority of working respondents during the study were working stationary (n=304; 48%), while remotely only 33% (n=208). Among young respondents almost half of the group was unemployed (n=158; 45%), while the rest of the group was employed (n=195; 55%). Professional activities in the group of respondents that were still learning was mostly stationary/ physic (n=57; 29%). During the pandemic the stationary form of working switched into remote in every third of respondent (n=307; 28%). Conclusions. Global pandemic of COVID-19 forced people to change their current behaviours - both consumer and social. Consumers are aware of risks borne by SARS-CoV-2 infection, which may be concluded from undertaken safety measures.

scholarly journals Smile through the Mask: Emotion Measurement for Stationary Retail

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Meyer ◽  
◽  
Susanne Robra-Bissantz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Design Science ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Design Science Research ◽  
Customer Behavior ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Strong Change ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Design Cycle ◽  
Stationary Retail

The global pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) changes the lives of many people all over the world. In the context of stationary retail, a strong change of customer behavior occurs as mandatory safety measures like wearing facemasks and distance regulations have come into place. The sales personnel’s ability to understand and react to customers’ emotions is critical for service interactions and the customers’ overall satisfaction. Unfortunately, facemasks make it difficult to recognize other’s emotions and may lead to misinterpretation and confusion. To address this problem, this paper proposes the design of self-assessment interfaces that offer the customer an easy way to enter their emotions. As part of a Design Science Research (DSR) project, we designed three interfaces and evaluated them over the course of a design cycle. The results indicate that it is possible to use self-assessment technology in stationary retail to measure customer emotions.

scholarly journals The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Radiation Therapy Delivery for Pediatric Patients: Trainee Perspective and Practical Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 229-230
Author(s):  
Nikol Mladkova ◽  
Joshua Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Childhood Cancers ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Institutional Experience ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trainee Education

The COVID-19 global pandemic represents a unique challenge affecting all aspects of current life including the delivery of healthcare around the globe. Radiation treatment is an integral part in the management of many pediatric malignancies, and the aim is to provide our institutional experience and trainee perspective on the delivery of radiation treatment during this era to facilitate further discussion regarding the practical impact of the pandemic on the treatment of childhood cancers and trainee education. Overall, the effect of the virus on the population of children with malignancies and its possible impact on their overall outcome is uncertain. The impact on trainee education is inevitable but can be mitigated in the context of adequate personal safety measures and online education. The authors strongly advocate for data sharing among facilities to determine the optimal safety measures that decrease the likelihood of COVID-19 transmission yet do not compromise the delivery of radiation treatment to children.

Liquefied Energy Gases in the UK: What Price Public Safety?

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally M Macgill
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Hazard Control ◽  
The Uk

Twelve serious inadequacies of hazard-control policy in the United Kingdom as it relates to liquefied energy gases (LEGs) are identified in this paper. These inadequacies are discussed against a background of the hazard properties of liquefied energy gases and associated hazard incidents (actual and potential), the growing scale on which these substances are handled, and with reference to large-scale liquefied energy gas facilities currently being developed in Fife, Scotland. It is argued that the hazards posed far outweigh the safety measures practiced.

Awareness regarding safety measures to be followed during COVID 19 outbreak among dentists in Chennai - A questionnaire based survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1605-1614
Author(s):  
Kalyani Behera A ◽  
Haripriya S
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Anxiety And Fear

SARS - COVID 2019 is a global respiratory infection that has been confirmed as a global pandemic. The life of healthcare professionals has changed while working during the corona COVID-19 outbreak. During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, the dentist's knowledge about various practice modifications has been evaluated in order to combat COVID-19. A well-constructed questionnaire was designed; it was a close-ended questionnaire study involving 150 participants. The responses of the survey were obtained and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS Software. The respondents were found to have good knowledge, which is important to combat COVID -19, which would help them imply those techniques in clinical practice. In Spite of having a high standard of knowledge while working during these current situations, dental practitioners are still in a state of anxiety and fear.

scholarly journals American Attitudes Toward COVID-19: More Trumpism Than Partisanship

2021 ◽  
pp. 1532673X2110462
Author(s):  
Neeraj Kaushal ◽  
Yao Lu ◽  
Robert Y. Shapiro ◽  
Jennifer So
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Personal Vulnerability

We investigate how support for President Donald Trump, beyond partisanship, guided Americans’ attitudes toward COVID-19. This speaks to not just how “Trumpism” and the Trump administration’s handling of the pandemic influenced public attitudes but to the larger issue of how Trump’s hold on voters within and beyond the Republican Party provides further evidence that leaders surpass the role of parties in influencing public opinion. Using longitudinal data with individual fixed-effects, we find that from the start of the pandemic, support for Trump above and beyond partisanship drove public attitudes capturing skepticism toward COVID-19, fears of personal vulnerability, compliance with public-safety measures, and viewing the pandemic in racist terms. Between March and August 2020, this gulf in attitudes between Trump voters and non-supporters, and between Republicans and Democrats, widened; the widening was more pronounced between Trump voters and non-supporters. Trump’s influence on Independents and non-voters also grew over the same period. While the use of terms like “China virus” was related to partisanship and support for Trump, we find an increase in awareness across groups that these terms were racist.

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