American Attitudes Toward COVID-19: More Trumpism Than Partisanship

We investigate how support for President Donald Trump, beyond partisanship, guided Americans’ attitudes toward COVID-19. This speaks to not just how “Trumpism” and the Trump administration’s handling of the pandemic influenced public attitudes but to the larger issue of how Trump’s hold on voters within and beyond the Republican Party provides further evidence that leaders surpass the role of parties in influencing public opinion. Using longitudinal data with individual fixed-effects, we find that from the start of the pandemic, support for Trump above and beyond partisanship drove public attitudes capturing skepticism toward COVID-19, fears of personal vulnerability, compliance with public-safety measures, and viewing the pandemic in racist terms. Between March and August 2020, this gulf in attitudes between Trump voters and non-supporters, and between Republicans and Democrats, widened; the widening was more pronounced between Trump voters and non-supporters. Trump’s influence on Independents and non-voters also grew over the same period. While the use of terms like “China virus” was related to partisanship and support for Trump, we find an increase in awareness across groups that these terms were racist.

NOWHERE TO HIDE FOR EXECUTIVES Fourie v FirstRand Bank Ltd (578/2012) [2012] ZASCA 19 (18 September 2012)

The personal liability of managers and executives for damages arising out of fraudulent and reckless conduct of their employees is an emotive and important issue. The prestige that was once associated with holding a position in top management in a company is now overshadowed by the potential of increased personal vulnerability. The case of Fourie v FirstRand Bank Ltd ((578/2012) [2012] ZASCA 119 (18 September 2012)) sends out a strong message to those who occupy management positions and who conduct the affairs of a company in a fraudulent or reckless manner that such conduct will not be tolerated and that should they produce false and misleading financial statements regarding the affairs of their company they run the risk of being held personally liable for any damages that may be incurred. The Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) stated that any damages that arise from such managers’ fraud or recklessness under section 424 of theCompanies Act 61 of 1973 will be paid by the perpetrators in their personal capacity.

atmospheric etudes: no 1, troposphere

As a fourth-year music composition major at MacEwan University, Mari Alice Conrad was interested in exploring the concept of vulnerability. She was particularly inspired by her recent vulnerable experiences returning to school as a mature student and sought to understand these existential experiences in more depth. This curiosity led Conrad to design a research-creation project in her Ethnomusicology course that utilized her skills in composing a musical work that explored vulnerability on three distinct levels: personal vulnerability, societal vulnerability, and global vulnerability. The first level, personal vulnerability, plunged into Conrad's personal experiences as a mature student who, by age and life experience, had been socially segregated to a minority group, and how she was processing those experiences. The second level, sociological vulnerability, specifically focused on addressing societal traditions of classical music and notational conventions for the piano. Conrad sought to displace the customary approach she had developed with the instrument since childhood and considered ways to make the piano (an inanimate object) and its notated music vulnerable. The third level was a more global, ecological, or environmental vulnerability of the weather systems found in the troposphere, the first layer of the atmosphere. Conrad wanted to understand why this layer was extremely volatile and susceptible to multiple variables and how humans interacted with the vulnerability of this force. This third level was also an area that she could universally connect with her audience (hence the title of the composition) and acted as a bridge to explore the other two levels of vulnerability in her work. Throughout the research-creation process, Conrad was able to explore the three levels of vulnerability in tremendous depth, express her interactions and discoveries of these three levels, and further disseminate her findings through notating a graphic score, recording the composition, and crafting an audiovisual representation. The final result of the research-creation composition project (music score and video) brilliantly weaves together concepts of vulnerability in a compelling and meaningful way and shares insight into how these ideas influence and encapsulate Conrad's budding artistic practice.

Prediksi Kerentanan Personal Terhadap Covid 19 dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Graf

The Covid 19 pandemic happened in arround the world include in Indonesia. It has impacts in many fileds. This research developed to solve the Covid 19 problem. This research requires complex variables based on the varying data in the field. Based on surveys and data, it found that there are 65% of personals know the status of their area in danger zone or safe zone for Covid 19. However, there are still many personals ignore the zone status that has been informed previously by the relevant goverment. The purpose of this study is to determine personal vulnerability to Covid-19 based on zones or regions. Moreover, prediction of vulnerability based on personal distance, the number of personal confirm Covid-19 arround the areas, and other variables such as immunity, and the accuracy of GPS applications. The methods is carried out by creating a vulnerabelity prediction model through GPS tracking based on the position or residence, then create to graph model in shortest path. Initial predictions are given a minimum distance between the personal and individuals confirms is one meter. The result of this research is percentage of personal vulnerability on the number of confirmed Covid 19 detections based on zones or regions. The prediction includes three models such as susceptible, quite susceptible, and safe. Personal susceptible in the percentage arround 90%-100%, quite susceptible in the percentage 75%-90%, and consideres safe in less that 75%.Keywords: prediction, vulnerability, graph

Trauma and Religious Complexity in Later Life

The present study examines the impact of traumatic life events on religious complexity in later life. We anticipated that those older adults experiencing stressors that produce significant personal vulnerability (e.g., life threatening illnesses) demonstrate reduced complexity of belief and behavior (e.g., less belief with doubt). From a sample of 278 semi-structured interviews of older adults (aged 55-101 years-old.) from six New England and New York states, we analyzed 166 interviews using grounded theory (Strauss & Corbin, 1990). Individuals who experienced trauma related to war, close familial loss, and/or severe physical illness tended to be “true believers,” (i.e., adhere to rigid belief orthodoxy; Hoffer, 1950). By contrast, those who experienced less severe trauma (e.g., minor illness, job loss) were less apt to describe rigid belief. Temporal proximity of trauma was not consistently associated with greater complexity of belief and behavior, in the sense that with great distance from trauma, individuals were able to “work through” their experiences of trauma, and thereby increase complexity of belief and behavior. This is consistent with findings by Harris and Leak (2015), Krause and Hayward (2012), and Wong (2013) that suggest that trauma leading to personal vulnerability leads to long-term physical, mental, behavioral, and spiritual deficits that rigid religious belief and behavior help to offset. These findings are discussed in terms of psychological theories of grief resolution, personal coping, and terror management.

Assessment of Workers’ Personal Vulnerability to COVID-19 Using “COVID-AGE”

Decisions on fitness for employment that entails a risk of contracting Covid-19 require an assessment of the worker’s personal vulnerability should infection occur. Using recently published UK data, we have developed a risk model that provides estimates of personal vulnerability to Covid-19 according to sex, age, ethnicity, and various comorbidities. Vulnerability from each risk factor is quantified in terms of its equivalence to added years of age. Addition of the impact from each risk factor to an individual’s true age generates their “Covid-age”, a summary measure representing the age of a healthy UK white male with equivalent vulnerability. We discuss important limitations of the model, including current scientific uncertainties and limitations on generalisability beyond the UK setting and its use beyond informing assessments of individual vulnerability in the workplace. As new evidence becomes available, some of these limitations can be addressed. The model does not remove the need for clinical judgement or for other important considerations when managing occupational risks from Covid-19.

The Roles of Combat Exposure, Personal Vulnerability, and Involvement in Harm to Civilians or Prisoners in War-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

This chapter examines the central assumption in the DSM-III, DSM-III-R, and DSM-IV that potentially traumatic stressors are more important than personal vulnerability in causing PTSD. This chapter tests this assumption with data from a rigorously diagnosed male subsample (n = 260) from the NVVRS. It concludes that, of the three risk factors, only combat exposure proved necessary for disorder onset. Although none of the three risk factors proved sufficient, estimated onset reached 97% for veterans high on all three, with harm to civilians or prisoners showing the largest independent contribution. Severity of combat exposure proved more important than pre-war vulnerability in onset; pre-war vulnerability was as least as important in long-term persistence. Implications for the primacy of the stressor assumption are discussed.

Measurement of Severity of Combat, Involvement in Harming Civilians and Prisoners, and Personal Vulnerability Load

This chapter presents detailed measures of each of the three factors that most strongly affect the psychological impact of the Vietnam war on U.S. male veterans. These descriptions build on the detailed accounts in Chapter 2 of the use of military records to develop more comprehensive measures of war-zone experiences. The measures of harm to civilians and prisoners are based on veteran self-reports. The measures of pre-Vietnam vulnerability load include data from military records, such as the Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT), pre-war education levels, and NVVRS interview data that enable diagnoses of important types of psychiatric disorder other than PTSD. Less central, but perhaps no less important, other risk factor variables and their measurement are set forth in later chapters at the point they are first introduced.

Feminist Identity, Attitudes Toward Feminist Prototypes, and Willingness to Intervene in Everyday Sexist Events

Many women eschew the feminist label despite believing in gender equality. In order to effectively promote feminist change, it is important to understand the factors involved in feminist attitudes, identification, and behavior. In the present research, we helped clarify the relations among these factors. In a survey of 428 U.S. women, we found that participants with stronger attitudes toward gender equality and more favorable explicit and implicit attitudes toward feminist prototypes were more likely to claim a feminist label. And those who did so reported greater willingness to intervene when confronted with everyday sexist behavior, particularly if they perceived that they personally were vulnerable to the effects of sexism. We suggest that improving attitudes toward feminist prototypes may help promote feminist identification, and informing women about the pervasiveness of sexism, including their personal vulnerability, may promote willingness to act after the feminist label has been adopted. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/pwq/suppl/index