Fear of a cannibal island: Colonial fear, everyday life, and event landscapes in the Erromango missions of Vanuatu

2021 ◽  
pp. 146960532110362
Author(s):  
James L Flexner ◽  
Jerry Taki
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
New Hebrides ◽  
Colonial Encounter ◽  
Social Memories ◽  
Colonial Encounters

Archaeological landscapes of colonial encounter were shaped to varying degrees by mutual mistrust, misunderstanding, anxiety, and the inherent terror of frontier violence. In the mission encounters of Island Melanesia, the colonial trope of “cannibalism” added a particular tinge to these fears of the colonized other. Mythologies of cannibalism both repulsed and motivated Christian missionaries who were led to places such as Erromango in the New Hebrides (now Vanuatu). Cannibalism as a practice was rare or even non-existent in these encounters, but it remained part of the European imaginary of the region. Several highly-publicized missionary martyrdoms on Erromango between 1839–1872 remain important to local social memories enacted in place. At the same time, there is a backdrop of relatively peaceful everyday life for missionary families as revealed by the archaeological record of mission houses. The structural and actual violence perpetrated by Europeans in missions and other colonial encounters are historically and currently underemphasized.

Slaves without Shackles: An Archaeology of Everyday Life on Gorée Island, Senegal

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahima Thiaw
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Settlement Pattern ◽  
Heterogeneous Population ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Transnational Community ◽  
Changing Patterns

This chapter examines how slavery was imprinted on material culture and settlement at Gorée Island. It evaluates the changing patterns of settlement, access to materials, and emerging novel tastes to gain insights into everyday life and cultural interactions on the island. By the eighteenth century, Gorée grew rapidly as an urban settlement with a heterogeneous population including free and enslaved Africans as well as different European identities. Interaction between these different identities was punctuated with intense negotiations resulting in the emergence of a truly transnational community. While these significant changes were noted in the settlement pattern and material culture recovered, the issue of slavery — critical to most oral and documentary narratives about the island — remains relatively opaque in the archaeological record. Despite this, the chapter attempts to tease out from available documentary and archaeological evidence some illumination on interaction between the different communities on the island, including indigenous slaves.

CONSTRUCTED AND CONSUMED: THE EVERYDAY LIFE OF THE POOR IN 4TH C. CAPPADOCIA

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 439-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan R. Holman
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Christian Doctrine ◽  
Gregory Of Nyssa ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poverty Relief ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Theological Understanding

Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nazianzus, and Gregory of Nyssa each include detailed depictions of the poor in their sermons on poverty relief. This paper examines their rhetorical constructs in order to look for the everyday life of these destitute, who often elude the archaeological record. Sharing some features with the later Byzantine exempla, these images had rhetorical power precisely because they were recognisably comparable with ‘real’ poor known to their audiences. Here four stereotypes are considered: the parent who must sell a child; the exiled sick; the famine victim (with an emphasis on impoverished women and questions of status); and the debtor. The paper concludes that these authors’ constructed images of the poor body must be understood in the context of their theological understanding of the Christian doctrine of the Incarnation.

scholarly journals The Regime of Memory in “The Museum of Innocence”: The Past as an Age of Innocence

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Gönül Eda Özgül
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
National History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Orhan Pamuk ◽  
Social Memories

In this paper, the regime of memory produced in The Museum of Innocence, a museum created and curated by the author Orhan Pamuk is discussed. The museum was opened in 2012 in Istanbul and it was based on Pamuk’s novel of the same title published in 2008. The intertextual novel-museum and the museum-novel blur the distinctions between fiction and reality, as well as the distinctions between individual and social memories and focus on everyday life and personal objects rather than the “monumental” national history. The regime of memory produced in this museum is discussed in this paper in relation with the process of modernization in Turkey. The understanding of time, space, reality and individual prevailing in the museum are evaluated in order to understand whether the museum produces a creative remembering that problematized the process of remembering or a regime of remembering that is based on absolutizing the past.

scholarly journals Prehistoric Households and Childhood

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Röder
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
Maintenance Activities ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Activity Areas

From the perspective of contemporary societies ‘childhood’ and ‘household’ are not universal, static categories but rather culturally highly variable dimensions of social life which can be influenced by numerous factors. They appear to be complex social processes, entwined with each other, and are characterized by changing actors. The material traces of these processes in the prehistoric archaeological record are rudimentary and offer no immediate access to ‘childhood’ or ‘household’, but domestic or maintenance activities are relatively well recorded at settlement sites and therefore offer the best vantage point from which to approach the question of social construction and organization, the structuring of everyday life, and the part played by adolescents in these processes. This chapter focuses on the role played by adolescents in the formation of archaeologically tangible activity areas to gain insight into the participation of prehistoric children in the construction of everyday life and daily routines.

Inca Colonial Encounters and Incorporation in Northern Argentina

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Acuto ◽  
Ivan Leibowicz
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Large Region ◽  
The South ◽  
Sacred Places ◽  
Spatial Order ◽  
Forced Relocation ◽  
Politics Of Space ◽  
Colonial Encounter ◽  
Colonial Encounters

This chapter discusses Inca rule over Northern Argentina from a landscape perspective, analyzing the politics of space of Inca imperialism. For the indigenous peoples of this rather large region of the South Andes, this process of colonial encounter entailed their forced relocation, the imposition of an Inca landscape overlapping the native one, the intrusion and remodeling of some of their towns and villages, and the seizure of their sacred places and shrines. Through this strategic intervention and reshaping of the native landscape, the Incas sought to construct a new socio-spatial order that served them to set the relationships with their subjects, to spread their ideology, and to redefine the interaction with supernatural entities.

Inuguat

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Fitzhugh ◽  
Bernadette Driscoll Engelstad
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Mortuary Practice ◽  
The North ◽  
North American Arctic ◽  
Human Figure

Renderings of human figurines (inuguat) appear consistently throughout the archaeological record of the North American Arctic. Artefacts which date from the Old Bering Sea cultures in northwestern Alaska to the Dorset and Thule periods in the Canadian Arctic and Greenland include representations of the human figure, typically carved in ivory or wood. These images often reveal elemental concerns of Arctic peoples with regard to procreation, maternity, healing, shamanism, mortuary practice, and animal–human transformation. The persistent appearance of human figurines throughout the historical and contemporary periods demonstrates an abiding interest in the role of the human figure. Beyond the use of dolls as a source for children’s play, human figurines served as a means of developing skills for everyday life (and human survival) with a focus on social interaction, the hunt, and the creation of fur clothing, as well as on ceremonial activities and ritual practices.

scholarly journals The Ethical Epistemes of Anthropology and Economics

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Allen W. Batteau ◽  
Bradley J. Trainor
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Neoclassical Economics ◽  
Business World ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Colonial Encounter ◽  
Ethical Stance ◽  
Colonial Encounters

This article examines the separate epistemologies of anthropology and neoclassical economics, suggesting that both epistemologies are tied to and represent ethical stances. After discussing the differences between morality and ethics, it suggests that the epistemologies of both disciplines are rooted in colonial encounters. Although numerous states and empires had previously encountered populations on their peripheries, the European colonial encounter of the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth century was uniquely on an industrial scale, creating new epistemological and ethical problems, out of which both economics and anthropology emerged. The global episteme and ethical stance of anthropology in its engagement with diversity now has as its frontier an engagement with powerful institutions in the business world.

Stone Tool Life Meets Everyday Life

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Carr ◽  
Andrew P. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Chipped Stone ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Organization Of Technology

Often, the lives of people in the past were constrained by their basic everyday needs and what they needed to accomplish. This chapter considers both how people conducted certain minimal activities everyday to meet those needs and how those activities left traces in the archaeological record. An Organization of Technology model articulates the archaeological record (artifact form and distribution) not only through activities and technological strategy but also through other considerations. The authors explore the possibilities of how examining the everyday life of an individual in the past just from discarded Lithics is possible: from the stone’s first procurement for the manufacture of chipped stone tools, to the stone’s use in various activities before it’s either (eventually) discarded or reused, to the stone’s finally recovery by archaeologists.

scholarly journals Lost for words: an extraordinary structure at the early Neolithic settlement of WF16

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Mithen
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Southern Levant ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Hunting And Gathering ◽  
History Of ◽  
Do So

Abstract Extraordinariness is a useful concept for everyday life and for academic research, frequently invoked within archaeology. In this contribution I explore how this term might be defined and whether it is appropriate for a large early Neolithic structure excavated at the site of WF16 in the southern Levant, dating to c. 11,200 BP. I draw on research regarding categorisation, concepts and their relationships to words, to suggest that Structure O75 can usefully be considered as ‘extraordinary’ because it does not comfortably fit into a category of finds currently used by Neolithic archaeologists. To do so, a brief review of the history of Neolithic research is required because that has shaped the categories that archaeologists bring to the archaeological record and hence what might be viewed as either ordinary or extraordinary discoveries. I conclude that extraordinary objects such as Structure O75 are likely to have played an active role in the conceptual and linguistic developments that was associated with the transition from mobile hunting and gathering to sedentary farming communities.

Thriving in Academia: Understanding and Managing the Complexities of Faculty Work

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketevan Mamiseishvili
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Research ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Work Setting ◽  
Higher Education Research ◽  
Faculty Work ◽  
College And University ◽  
Teaching Research ◽  
University Settings

In this paper, I will illustrate the changing nature and complexity of faculty employment in college and university settings. I will use existing higher education research to describe changes in faculty demographics, the escalating demands placed on faculty in the work setting, and challenges that confront professors seeking tenure or administrative advancement. Boyer’s (1990) framework for bringing traditionally marginalized and neglected functions of teaching, service, and community engagement into scholarship is examined as a model for balancing not only teaching, research, and service, but also work with everyday life.

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