Four minutes might not be enough for light colour temperature to affect sleepiness, mental effort, and light ratings

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 1128-1138
Author(s):  
R Lasauskaite ◽  
EM Hazelhoff ◽  
C Cajochen
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Colour Temperature ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Effort Mobilization ◽  
Short Memory

Light exerts a number of non-image-forming effects that are mostly apparent during night-time but can also been seen during daytime. Recently, we have shown that exposure to light of higher colour temperature prior to performing a cognitive task leads to a weaker effort-related cardiovascular response compared to exposure to light of lower colour temperature. This present study tested if presenting light of different colour temperatures during rather than before the task performance would lead to equivalent changes in effort mobilization. Participants performed a modified Sternberg short-memory task for eight minutes as lighting conditions were adjusted to one of four experimental lighting conditions (2800 K, 4000 K, 5000 K, or 6500 K) after the first four minutes, for the remaining four minutes. We predicted that effort-related cardiovascular response would strengthen with decreasing colour temperature. The results, however, did not follow this predicted pattern. No significant effects of lighting conditions on subjective measures were observed. Therefore, we conclude that four minutes might not be enough for light colour temperature to induce changes in effort-related cardiovascular response or affect subjective ratings of sleepiness and lighting.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Stimulus novelty, task demands, and strategy use in episodic memory

2020 ◽  
pp. 174702182098030
Author(s):  
Otto Waris ◽  
Daniel Fellman ◽  
Jussi Jylkkä ◽  
Matti Laine
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Cognitive Task Performance ◽  
And Task

Cognitive task performance is a dynamic process that evolves over time, starting from the first encounters with a task. An important aspect of these task dynamics is the employment of strategies to support successful performance and task acquisition. Focusing on episodic memory performance, we: (1) tested two hypotheses on the effects of novelty and task difficulty on strategy use; (2) replicated our previous results regarding strategy use in a novel memory task; and (3) evaluated whether repeated open-ended strategy queries affect task performance and/or strategy use. The present pre-registered online study comprised 161 adult participants who were recruited through the Prolific crowdsourcing platform. We employed two separate 5-block list learning tasks, one with 10 pseudowords and the other with 18 common nouns, and collected recall performance and strategy reports for each block. Using Bayesian linear mixed effects models, the present findings (1) provide some support for the hypothesis that task-initial strategy development is not triggered only by task novelty, but can appear also in a familiar, moderately demanding task; (2) replicate earlier findings from an adaptive working memory task indicating strategy use from the beginning of a task, associations between strategy use and objective task performance, and only modest agreement between open-ended vs. list-based strategy reports; and (3) indicate that repeated open-ended strategy reports do not affect objective recall. We conclude that strategy use is an important aspect of memory performance right from the start of a task, and it undergoes development at the initial stages depending on task characteristics. In a larger perspective, the present results concur with the views of skill learning and adaptivity in cognitive task performance.

scholarly journals Inter-individual predictors of pain inhibition during performance of a competing cognitive task

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Tabry ◽  
T. A. Vogel ◽  
M. Lussier ◽  
P. Brouillard ◽  
J. Buhle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Pain Inhibition ◽  
And Task

AbstractThe main function of pain is to automatically draw attention towards sources of potential injury. However, pain sometimes needs to be inhibited in order to address or pursue more relevant tasks. Elucidating the factors that influence how people manage this relationship between pain and task performance is essential to understanding the disruptive nature of pain and its variability between individuals. Here, 41 healthy adults completed a challenging working memory task (2-back task) while receiving painful thermal stimulations. Examining the trial-by-trial relationship between pain perception and task performance revealed that pain’s disruptive effects on performance were mediated by self-reported pain intensity, and that the analgesic effects of a competing task were influenced by task performance. We found that higher pain catastrophizing, higher trait anxiety, and lower trait mindfulness were associated with larger trade-offs between pain perception and task performance, suggesting that these psychological factors can predict increased fluctuations between disruption by pain and analgesia from a competing task. Altogether these findings provide an important and novel perspective on our understanding of individual differences in the interplay between pain and ongoing task performance.

Task Performance and Electromyopotential as Functions of Task Difficulty and EMG Feedback

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-562
Author(s):  
Roy E. Connally ◽  
John N. Dieter ◽  
Kevin Uliano
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Iconic Memory ◽  
Biofeedback Training ◽  
Audio Feedback ◽  
Cognitive Task Performance ◽  
And Task

The dearth of empirical research in the application of biofeedback is discussed. Exp. 1 assessed relationships among biofeedback EMG training, EMG levels, cognitive task performance, and task difficulty. 72 subjects (male or female college students) were administered 1 trial on an iconic memory task with either EMG audio feedback, sham EMG audio feedback, or no feedback. Three levels of task difficulty were used. One 20-min. training session significantly lowered EMG responses, and task performance was inversely related to task difficulty. No relationship between EMG level and task performance was observed. Exp. 2 investigated the effect of increased EMG responses on cognitive task performance for one level of difficulty. One biofeedback training session did not significantly increase frontalis EMG, and there was no relationship between increased EMG and task performance.

You Are Your Words: Linguistic Correlates of Cognitive Task Performance

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K. Varner ◽  
Scott A. Crossley ◽  
Erica L. Snow ◽  
Danielle S. McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cognitive Task Performance

Age-Related Differences in Motivational Integration and Cognitive Control

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie Marianne Yee ◽  
Sarah L Adams ◽  
Asad Beck ◽  
Todd Samuel Braver
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Monetary Reward ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cognitive Task Performance

Motivational incentives play an influential role in value-based decision-making and cognitive control. A compelling hypothesis in the literature suggests that the brain integrates the motivational value of diverse incentives (e.g., motivational integration) into a common currency value signal that influences decision-making and behavior. To investigate whether motivational integration processes change during healthy aging, we tested older (N=44) and younger (N=54) adults in an innovative incentive integration task paradigm that establishes dissociable and additive effects of liquid (e.g., juice, neutral, saltwater) and monetary incentives on cognitive task performance. The results reveal that motivational incentives improve cognitive task performance in both older and younger adults, providing novel evidence demonstrating that age-related cognitive control deficits can be ameliorated with sufficient incentive motivation. Additional analyses revealed clear age-related differences in motivational integration. Younger adult task performance was modulated by both monetary and liquid incentives, whereas monetary reward effects were more gradual in older adults and more strongly impacted by trial-by-trial performance feedback. A surprising discovery was that older adults shifted attention from liquid valence toward monetary reward throughout task performance, but younger adults shifted attention from monetary reward toward integrating both monetary reward and liquid valence by the end of the task, suggesting differential strategic utilization of incentives. Together these data suggest that older adults may have impairments in incentive integration, and employ different motivational strategies to improve cognitive task performance. The findings suggest potential candidate neural mechanisms that may serve as the locus of age-related change, providing targets for future cognitive neuroscience investigations.

The Impact of Environmental Stress on Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1205-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy Martin ◽  
Emily McLeod ◽  
Julien Périard ◽  
Ben Rattray ◽  
Richard Keegan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
The Impact

Objective: In this review, we detail the impact of environmental stress on cognitive and military task performance and highlight any individual characteristics or interventions which may mitigate any negative effect. Background: Military personnel are often deployed in regions markedly different from their own, experiencing hot days, cold nights, and trips both above and below sea level. In spite of these stressors, high-level cognitive and operational performance must be maintained. Method: A systematic review of the electronic databases Medline (PubMed), EMBASE (Scopus), PsycINFO, and Web of Science was conducted from inception up to September 2018. Eligibility criteria included a healthy human cohort, an outcome of cognition or military task performance and assessment of an environmental condition. Results: The search returned 113,850 records, of which 124 were included in the systematic review. Thirty-one studies examined the impact of heat stress on cognition; 20 of cold stress; 59 of altitude exposure; and 18 of being below sea level. Conclusion: The severity and duration of exposure to the environmental stressor affects the degree to which cognitive performance can be impaired, as does the complexity of the cognitive task and the skill or familiarity of the individual performing the task. Application: Strategies to improve cognitive performance in extreme environmental conditions should focus on reducing the magnitude of the physiological and perceptual disturbance caused by the stressor. Strategies may include acclimatization and habituation, being well skilled on the task, and reducing sensations of thermal stress with approaches such as head and neck cooling.

ADHD severity as a predictor of cognitive task performance in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 103882
Author(s):  
Rosleen Mansour ◽  
Anthony R. Ward ◽  
David M. Lane ◽  
Katherine A. Loveland ◽  
Michael G. Aman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Task Performance

Understanding Driver Behavior after Concussion: A Machine-Learning Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1911-1915
Author(s):  
Maryam Daniali ◽  
Dario D. Salvucci ◽  
Maria T. Schultheis
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Behavioral Task ◽  
Machine Learning Approach

Concussions are common cognitive impairments, but their effects on task performance in general, and on driving in particular, are not well understood. To better understand the effects of concussion on driving, we investigated previously gathered data on twenty-two people with a concussion, driving in a virtual-reality driving simulator (VRDS), and twenty-two non-concussed matched drivers. Participants were asked to per-form a behavioral task (either coin sorting or a verbal memory task) while driving. In this study, we chose a few common metrics from the VRDS and tracked their changes through time for each participant. Our pro-posed method—namely, the use of convolutional neural networks for classification and analysis—can accu-rately classify concussed driving and extract local features on driving sequences that translate to behavioral driving signatures. Overall, our method improves identification and understanding of clinically relevant driv-ing behaviors for concussed individuals and should generalize well to other types of impairments.

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