Intimate Partner Violence in the Middle East Region: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110360
Author(s):  
Mozhgan Moshtagh ◽  
Rana Amiri ◽  
Simin Sharafi ◽  
Morteza Arab-Zozani
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
World Health ◽  
East Region ◽  
Type Of Abuse ◽  
Middle East Region

Background and Objective: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a clinical and social problem globally, especially in the Middle East. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of IPV and its types against women in the Middle East region. Method: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched in January 2020. From 1995 to 2020, all studies performed in the Middle East, investigating at least one type of abuse against women and written in English, entered the study. All included studies were appraised using Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist, which was adapted for prevalence studies. The random effect model of meta-analysis was performed using the Mantel–Haenszel method by comprehensive meta-analysis software. Each type of abuse as event rate with 95% CI was calculated for each variable. Heterogeneity was investigated using the I 2 statistic test. Results: Fifty-five studies encompassing 138,692 participants were included in our meta-analysis. The rate of overall abuse was 26.3 ( n = 55, 95% CI: [15.8, 40.5], p = .002). The highest rate of abuse in the included studies was reported for psychological abuse 48.6% ( n = 46, 95% CI: [39.8, 57.5], p = .758). The rate of abuse for physical, economical, sexual, and injury were 28.4% ( n = 53, 95% CI: [22.1, 35.7], p = .0001), 19% ( n = 10, 95% CI: [9.8, 33.7], p = .0001), 18.5% ( n = 45, 95% CI: [13.6, 24.6], p = .0001), and 18.4% ( n = 5, 95% CI: [7.1, 40.2], p = 0.008), respectively. The overall abuse reported by World Health Organization Multi-Country Domestic Violence (DV)Questionnaire was 25.7% ( n = 17, 95% CI: [18.4, 34.7], p = .0001). This value was 41.8% ( n = 11, 95% CI: [29.7, 55], p = .223) for the Conflict Tactics Scale Questionnaire. Conclusion: Although this review highlights the lack of or insufficient IPV data in some contexts and inconsistencies in defining and measuring IPV among studies, the evidence shows that a moderate to high pattern of abuse has been observed in the study population. Due to this region’s unique cultural-religious characteristics, it is urgent to reduce this phenomenon.

Mental Health Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in El Salvador

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122097880
Author(s):  
Laura Navarro-Mantas ◽  
Soledad de Lemus ◽  
Jesús L. Megías
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Violence against women (VAW) is currently one of the main problems in El Salvador, which leads the ranking of femicides in the world. We conducted the first national survey on VAW in El Salvador following the World Health Organization (WHO) methodology, to determine the impact of violence on women’s mental health ( N = 1,274). Women who had experienced intimate partner violence showed significantly poorer mental health and more suicidal ideations. Common mental disorders were significantly associated with the experience of all forms of violence, after adjusting for sociodemographic variables and stressful life experiences. The results are discussed in connection with the primary care protocols and the design of public policies.

A Meta-Analysis of Latinx Acculturation and Intimate Partner Violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 844-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam J. Alvarez ◽  
Sandra Oviedo Ramirez ◽  
Gabriel Frietze ◽  
Craig Field ◽  
Michael A. Zárate
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health concern that affects many Latinx couples. The present study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively assess acculturation as a predictor of IPV among Latinxs and subgroup analyses to evaluate the effect size by gender and type of acculturation measure. Method: The meta-analysis implemented the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines to retrieve studies assessing the relationship between acculturation and intimate partner victimization among foreign-born and U.S.-born Latinx adults. A fixed effects model (FEM) and a random effects model (REM) were employed. Additional subgroup analyses examined the strength of the relationship by gender and type of acculturation measure. Results: The meta-analysis included 27 independent effect sizes across 21 studies. An REM yielded a weighted average correlation of .11 (95% confidence interval [.02, .20]). The strength of the correlation differed by scale and ranged from −.003 to .47. For both men and women, higher acculturation was associated with increased IPV. Conclusions: Our results yielded three important findings: (1) the overall effect of acculturation on IPV is relatively small, (2) acculturation differentially influences male-to-female and female-to-male partner violence, and (3) the strength of the correlation between acculturation and IPV differs by scale. This body of work provides evidence for the effect of acculturation on IPV, with potential implications for interventions targeting Latinxs.

scholarly journals R.E.S.P.e.c.T and intimate partner violence: a cross-sectional study using DHS data in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb L Ward ◽  
Siobán D Harlow
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Summary Score ◽  
Wife Beating ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negatively Associated

Abstract Background Thirty percent of all women experience intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetime. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the World Health Organization’s (WHO) novel R.E.S.P.E.C.T framework for intervention and IPV prevalence among women in Kenya. Methods We used the 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS). Only women selected for the domestic violence module and who were married/living with their partner were eligible for this study (n=3,737). We created a summary score for each strategy denoted by R.E.S.P.T based on availability of questions addressing these strategies in the KDHS, and a total score that summed responses across all strategies. Each letter was assessed with Cronbach’s Alpha. Multiple logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between R.E.S.P.T scores and IPV.Results All strategies except for E lowered the odds of IPV. Decision-making (R) was negatively associated with experiencing IPV (OR = 0.62 [0.53-0.72]). Land and property ownership (E) were positively associated with experiencing IPV (OR = 1.25 [1.08-1.43]). Access to health care (S) was negatively associated with experiencing IPV (OR = 0.55 [0.48-0.63]). Higher levels of wealth (P) were negatively associated with experiencing IPV (OR = 0.47 [0.37-0.62]). Not justifying wife-beating in any scenario (T) was negatively associated with experiencing IPV (OR = 0.39 [0.29-0.53]). After adjusting for demographics, a 1-unit increase in total R.E.S.P.T score was negatively associated with experiencing IPV (AOR= 0.63 [0.57-0.70]) with a similar finding for IPV in the past 12 months (AOR = 0.59 [0.53-0.66]). Younger age, higher education, and Muslim religion were associated with decreased odds of experiencing IPV while living in a rural location and working were associated with increased odds of experiencing IPV.Conclusions Our study provides initial evidence that by implementing the multi-strategy R.E.S.P.E.C.T framework, countries can dramatically lower the odds of women experiencing IPV. The DHS can be used as a tool to monitor implementation and efficacy of this novel strategy.

scholarly journals Association between Intimate Partner Violence with Quality of Life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
NV Roopesh Gopal ◽  
SV Sathish Kumar ◽  
Kiran S Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
World Health ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: An intimate relationship is an interpersonal relationship that involves physical or emotional intimacy. Those who are in such a relationship may experience violence from partners which may affect their day-to-day quality of life and thus cause a burden on the family. Aim: To assess the relationship between Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) with Quality of life and to provide early interventions. Materials and Methods: Hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Psychiatry, Kodagu Institute of Medical Sciences (KoIMS) teaching hospital Madikeri, Karnataka. The subjects were recruited by purposive sampling method. A total of 5810 consecutive subjects who visited the psychiatry OPD from March 2017 to June 2019 were assessed and among them, 82 subjects both men and women in the age group of 18 to 60 years were recruited. All of them reported IPV on the Hurt, Insulted, Threatened, and Screamed (HITS) scale and were further assessed for Quality of life using the World Health Organisation Quality of Life BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) scale. Descriptive statistics were used for continuous variables. A Nonparametric Chi-square test was applied for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney U scores were used for quality of life variables. The correlation was done using Pearson’s correlation. Results: Mean age was 36.04 in years (SD±11.28) having a mean of 7.5 years of schooling (SD±4.5). The majority belonged to the rural background and lower socioeconomic status. Out of 82 subjects, 21 subjects reported IPV score less than 10 (25.60%) and among the rest of the 61 (74.39%) subjects, 80.32% were females and 19.67% were males who had IPV scores of more than 10. The study subjects reported poor and very poor scores in their overall quality of life and very dissatisfied and dissatisfied in their health domain. IPV also correlated with reduced quality of life, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: People that experience IPV has an overall reduced quality of life. Routine clinical assessment needs to be done to provide early interventions.

scholarly journals Intimate Partner Violence against Women Living in Inadequate Conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Meta-Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10138
Author(s):  
Yaqing Gao ◽  
Yinping Wang ◽  
Xiaoyi Mi ◽  
Mo Zhou ◽  
Siyu Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Country Specific

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a major public health problem and is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, little is known about its environmental determinants. This study aimed to investigate whether inadequate living conditions are associated with IPV victimization in women in SSA. We analyzed cross-sectional data for 102,714 women in 25 SSA countries obtained from the Demographic and Health Surveys Program. Logistic regression was used to estimate the country-specific effects of inadequate living conditions (housing with at least one of four characteristics of unimproved water, unimproved sanitation, insufficient space, and unfinished materials) on multiple forms of IPV. Random effects meta-analysis was used to combined the country-specific estimates. We found an association between inadequate living conditions and a higher likelihood of experiencing any (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.23, p = 0.012), sexual (OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.34, p = 0.008), emotional (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.23, p = 0.023), and physical (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.28, p = 0.010) IPV. The associations were stronger for rural and less-educated women. These findings suggest that future research to establish a causal link between living conditions and IPV and to elucidate the underlying pathways is crucial to design IPV interventions in SSA.

Global Surge in Intimate Partner Violence after Mandatory Lockdown: Implications for Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Butool Hisam ◽  
Mohammad Nadir Haider ◽  
Ghazala Saleem ◽  
Admin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Issue

We are observing with great concern the global spread of the COVID19 Pandemic. What is equally alarming is a less visible, albeit serious Public health issue; one that the United Nations has dubbed as the ‘Shadow Pandemic’ [1]. This is none other than the globally prevalent issue of violence against women, particularly Intimate Partner Violence. Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a serious, possibly preventable public health problem globally. Pakistan ranks among the countries with the highest IPV rates [2]. On 11th March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the highly infectious and lethal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) to be a pandemic [3]. Drastic measures were enforced universally to curb the spread of COVID-19. Countries issued strict nationwide lockdowns to isolate the population and implemented social distancing. The economy was impacted tremendously, and many people experienced financial and emotional hardship during this mandatory confinement. While everyone was affected, one population was in a far worse situation than others. Survivors of IPV were trapped alongside their perpetrators and faced difficulty/less freedom to escape threatening situations compared to the past. It is not surprising given that historical periods of uncertainty such as war or economic crisis have resulted in increased interpersonal violence, including violence against women [4].  The Hubei province of China, the first region to undergo a lockdown, saw nearly a doubling of their rates of IPV with the start of COVID19 Pandemic.  Similarly, tragic stories gained nationwide coverage in the United States. IPV may also have risen in Pakistan, even if it is not being covered as extensively. During pandemics, fear causes us to minimize our personal needs and make sacrifices we would not normally make. This could be a reasonable approach for most but should not be for survivors of IPV. IPV survivors live in constant fear for themselves and their children; they are now devoid of their only means of mitigation; avoidance. Local woman’s support groups in Pakistan should act and spread awareness about this grim reality hiding underneath the Pandemic. Resources/funding should be made available for survivors to be able to reach out for support without having to leave the watchful eyes of their perpetrators. Public health officials ought to investigate and document the rise in IPV to help identify the leading causes of the increase. These steps will assist in developing crisis-specific guidelines to provide adequate resources for the future. Continuous....

Intimate partner violence

2018 ◽  
pp. 465-476
Author(s):  
Carmen Wong ◽  
Wai Ching Ng ◽  
Hua Zhong ◽  
Anne Scully-Hill
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Harm ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Internal And External Factors

Intimate partner violence (IPV) refers to any action that causes physical, sexual, and psychological harm by intimate partners, which includes domestic violence. This chapter gives a brief overview and details the prevalence, current theories, research, and evidence, including patriarchy and gender issues. IPV is complex, with internal and external factors relating to the victim, perpetrator, family, and the community. The long-term impacts on physical and mental health are reviewed. Recent direction by the World Health Organization describes a multi-level integrated approach, which is discussed topically in terms of individual, relational, and community prevention and intervention and its challenges. Finally, policies and laws relating to IPV are reviewed. This chapter has been written collaboratively by a multidisciplinary team of medical, social, and legal professionals.

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