Interpreting the Prevalence of Mental Disorders in Children

Knowledge on the prevalence of mental disorders among children informs the work of many health care providers, public health researchers, educators, and policy makers, and any single data source and study methodology can provide valuable insight. However, it is only after prevalence estimates from complementary studies are considered together that distinctions can be made to more deeply inform an assessment of community needs, including diagnosed prevalence versus underlying prevalence, differences between insured and uninsured populations, and how estimates change over time. National surveys, community-based studies, and administrative claims data each provide a different type of information that builds broad understanding. This article presents some of the overarching complexities of the issue, discusses strengths and weaknesses of some common data sources and methodologies used to generate epidemiological estimates, and describes ways in which these data sources complement one another and contribute to a better understanding of the prevalence of pediatric mental disorders.

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Prevalence, incidence and bothersomeness of urinary incontinence in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

International Urogynecology Journal ◽

10.1007/s00192-020-04636-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Heidi F. A. Moossdorff-Steinhauser ◽

Bary C. M. Berghmans ◽

Marc E. A. Spaanderman ◽

Esther M. J. Bols

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Urinary Incontinence ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Care Providers ◽

Case Definitions ◽

Monthly Basis ◽

Policy Makers ◽

In Pregnancy

Abstract Introduction and hypothesis Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common and embarrassing complaint for pregnant women. Reported prevalence and incidence figures show a large range, due to varying case definitions, recruited population and study methodology. Precise prevalence and incidence figures on (bothersome) UI are of relevance for health care providers, policy makers and researchers. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence and incidence of UI in pregnancy in the general population for relevant subgroups and assessed experienced bother. Methods All observational studies published between January 1998 and October 2018 reporting on prevalence and/or incidence of UI during pregnancy were included. All women, regardless of weeks of gestation and type of UI presented in all settings, were of interest. A random-effects model was used. Subgroup analyses were conducted by parity, trimester and subtype of UI. Results The mean (weighted) prevalence based on 44 included studies, containing a total of 88.305 women, was 41.0% (range of 9–75%). Stress urinary incontinence (63%) is the most prevalent type of UI; 26% of the women reported daily loss, whereas 40% reported loss on a monthly basis. Bother was experienced as mild to moderate. Conclusions UI is very prevalent and rising with the weeks of gestation in pregnancy. SUI is the most common type and in most cases it was a small amount. Bother for UI is heterogeneously assessed and experienced as mild to moderate by pregnant women.

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Reproductive awareness and recognition of unintended pregnancy: young women, key informants and health care providers perspectives in South Africa

Reproductive Health ◽

10.1186/s12978-021-01262-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Oluwaseyi Dolapo Somefun ◽

Jane Harries ◽

Deborah Constant

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Health Care ◽

Unintended Pregnancy ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Second Trimester ◽

Care Providers ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Abortion Care ◽

Pregnancy Status

Abstract Background South Africa has a liberal abortion law, yet denial of care is not uncommon, usually due to a woman being beyond the legal gestational age limit for abortion care at that facility. For women successfully obtaining care, time from last menstrual period to confirmation of pregnancy is significantly longer among those having an abortion later in the second trimester compared to earlier gestations. This study explores women’s experiences with recognition and confirmation of unintended pregnancy, their understanding of fertile periods within the menstrual cycle as well as healthcare providers’ and policy makers’ ideas for public sector strategies to facilitate prompt confirmation of pregnancy. Methods We recruited participants from July through September 2017, at an urban non-governmental organization (NGO) sexual and reproductive health (SRH) facility and two public sector hospitals, all providing abortion care into the second trimester. We conducted in-depth interviews and group discussions with 40 women to elicit information regarding pregnancy recognition and confirmation as well as fertility awareness. In addition, 5 providers at these same facilities and 2 provincial policy makers were interviewed. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Uncertainties regarding pregnancy signs and symptoms greatly impacted on recognition of pregnancy status. Women often mentioned that others, including family, friends, partners or colleagues noticed pregnancy signs and prompted them to take action. Several women were unaware of the fertility window and earliest timing for accurate pregnancy testing. Health care providers and policy makers called for strategies to raise awareness regarding risk and signs of pregnancy and for pregnancy tests to be made more readily accessible. Conclusion Early recognition of unintended pregnancy in this setting is frustrated by poor understanding and awareness of fertility and pregnancy signs and symptoms, compounded by a distrust of commercially available pregnancy tests. Improving community awareness around risk and early signs of pregnancy and having free tests readily available may help women confirm their pregnancy status promptly.

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Patient Perceptions of Prejudice and Discrimination by Health Care Providers and its Relationship with Mental Disorders: Results from the 2012 Canadian Community Health-Mental Health Survey Data

Community Mental Health Journal ◽

10.1007/s10597-015-9949-2 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 294-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kirsten Marchand ◽

Heather Palis ◽

Eugenia Oviedo-Joekes

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Survey Data ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Patient Perceptions ◽

Care Providers ◽

Health Survey Data ◽

Mental Health Survey ◽

Prejudice And Discrimination

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The fentanyls: pharmacological and clinical aspects relevant to Australia

Australasian Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/1039856220917317 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 542-544

Author(s):

Shaun L Greene ◽

Anton Scamvougeras ◽

Amanda Norman ◽

Yvonne Bonomo ◽

David J Castle

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

North American ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Clinical Effects ◽

Care Providers ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Drug And Alcohol ◽

Overdose Deaths

Objective: North American and other jurisdictions have seen an alarming rise in the abuse of the fentanyls, with related overdose deaths. We sought to review this group of drugs to alert Australian psychiatrists and drug and alcohol clinicians to their clinical effects and potential harms. Conclusions: The extreme potency of the fentanyls underlie their lethality. Vigilance and investment from both policy makers and health care providers are required to mitigate harm from a possible future Australian fentanyl epidemic.

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Provider Perceptions about Hypertension: A Mixed Methods Study in Zambia

Clinical Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/1054773820904634 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 105477382090463

Author(s):

Lori A. Spies ◽

Joyce M. Mulenga

Keyword(s):

Health Care Providers ◽

Premature Death ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Valuable Insight ◽

Care Providers ◽

Provider Perceptions ◽

Health Goals ◽

Education Workshop ◽

Knowledge And Attitude ◽

Relevant Education

Hypertension is the most significant contributor to premature death globally. As embedded providers, nurses have valuable insight on how to improve hypertension outcomes. A sequential mixed-method study was conducted in Zambia to explore provider perceptions of hypertension care and develop contextually relevant education for nurses. The Zambian and US nurse researchers interviewed 15 nurses and provided a hypertension education workshop. Thematic evaluation identified categories of infrastructure and belief & behaviors with a shared subcategory of medication. A statistically significant result was found in the health care providers knowledge and attitude toward hypertension, one of two pre and post-tests analysis ( z = –2.17, p < 0.05, r = –.33) and ( z = -.41, p =.67). Developing efficient and effective solutions to increase hypertension care must be made at the policy level and incorporate locally relevant information. Nurses, who have cultural and contextual expertise, are ideally situated to reach population health goals.

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Working Together to Meet the Information Needs of Health Care Providers, Program Managers, and Policy Makers in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Journal of Health Communication ◽

10.1080/10810730.2012.666629 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (sup2) ◽

pp. 5-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tara M. Sullivan ◽

Sarah V. Harlan ◽

Neil Pakenham-Walsh ◽

Symphrose Ouma

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Information Needs ◽

Care Providers ◽

Middle Income ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Program Managers ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Working Together ◽

Low And Middle Income

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Refugee and Immigrant Women’s Experience of Postpartum Depression: A Meta-Synthesis

Journal of Transcultural Nursing ◽

10.1177/1043659616686167 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 84-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Carolyn L. Tobin ◽

Pam Di Napoli ◽

Cheryl Tatano Beck

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Immigrant Women ◽

Care Providers ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Raising Awareness ◽

Effective Care ◽

Insight Into

The aim of this work is to synthesize qualitative research on refugee and immigrant women’s experiences of postpartum depression (PPD) to gain insight into the unique needs of this group of women. This population is more at risk of developing PPD due to a complexity of issues including pre- and postmigratory stressors; however, there is currently little research on this topic available to health care providers and policy makers. Thirteen articles met inclusion criteria, and five themes emerged from the meta-synthesis: (a) suffering in solitude, (b) the invisible illness, (c) cultural conceptualizations, (d) barriers to help seeking, and (e) facilitators of help seeking. Conclusions suggest immigrant women with PPD may lack understanding of their condition, are often isolated, are alone, fear stigmatization, and risk being considered an unfit mother. Raising awareness with health care providers of the meaning of PPD for immigrant women is key to the provision of effective care.

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The Role of Media and Communication in Improving the Use of Drugs and Other Technologies

International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care ◽

10.1017/s0266462300010539 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 71-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chitr Sitthi-amorn ◽

Jintana Ngamvithayapongse

Keyword(s):

Health Care Providers ◽

Effective Communication ◽

Regulatory Agencies ◽

Care Providers ◽

Advertising Agencies ◽

Target Groups ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Rational Choices ◽

Media And Communication

AbstractPolicy makers, health care providers, and the general public need valid information about the benefits and harmful effects of drugs and technologies to be able to make rational choices in their acquisition, distribution, and use. Effective communication is important for quality choices of drugs and other technologies. In effective communication, the choice of messages and media must correspond to the culture and beliefs of the target groups to make them comprehend and adopt the conclusions. Messages must be presented on a regular basis. Most regulatory agencies do not have enough resources to mount effective communication programs. Private advertising agencies and other stakeholders have definite roles. Valid knowledge must be the basis of dialogues to reduce emotional disputes among various benefit groups in society.

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The moral challenges of health care providers brain drain phenomenon

Clinical Ethics ◽

10.1177/1477750920946614 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 147775092094661

Author(s):

Faith Atte

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Brain Drain ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Global Justice ◽

Health Workers ◽

Work Environments ◽

Care Providers ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Left Behind

The migration of health-care professionals has often produced morally charged discussions among ethicists, politicians, and policy makers in the migrant-sending and migrant-receiving countries because of its devastating effects on the health of those left behind in the countries of origin.This movement of skilled professionals – their decision to leaving their countries of origin in search of better work environments – has created a phenomenon that has been described as brain drain. Although the migration of health workers continue to bring prosperity to millions of people around the world, they have also evoked hopelessness in many more people. Thus, questions of global justice manifest themselves when it comes to the matters of brain drain and the just distribution of health and healthcare professionals.

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