A Risk Appraisal Framework for Injury Etiology

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483992110181
Author(s):  
Benjamin K. Barton ◽  
Shane J. Davis ◽  
Brian J. Pugliese
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Unintentional Injury ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Risk Appraisal

Unintentional injury is a significant worldwide health concern. Researchers have called on several occasions for conceptual frameworks to guide work on unintentional injury. Using conceptual approaches to organize our inquiry is one way to advance our knowledge of injury etiology. To this end, we suggest a risk appraisal framework for examining enactment or avoidance of injury risk behaviors. Our framework comprises broad antecedents, focusing on the evaluative stage preceding behaviors. Four categories influencing efficacy related to injury risk behavior are included: environmental context, experience, social context, and strategy. In this article, we explain the categories and concepts in our framework, discuss each in terms of etiology, briefly discuss interrelations between the categories, and suggest future paths using the framework.

scholarly journals Sexual Risk Behavior in HIV-Uninfected Pregnant Women in Western Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Theuring ◽  
Kenyonyozi Rubagumya ◽  
Hannah Schumann ◽  
Gundel Harms ◽  
John Rubaihayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Risk Behavior ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Health Concern

AbstractOur aim was to identify sexual risk behavior among HIV-negative pregnant women in Kabarole District, Uganda, by conducting a cross-sectional study among 1610 women within three healthcare settings. One in six women engaged in HIV-specific risk behaviors including multiple sexual partners or alcohol abuse; 80% of the pregnant women reported to generally abstain from using condoms. In multivariate analysis, predictors of sexual risk behavior included being a client of the public health facilities as compared to the private facility (AOR 3.6 and 4.8, p < 0.001), being single, widowed or divorced or not cohabiting with the partner (AOR 4.7 and 2.3, p < 0.001), as well as higher household wealth (AOR 1.8, p < 0.001) and lack of partner status knowledge (AOR 1.6, p = 0.008). Self-estimated risk perception was linked with engagement in HIV-related risk behaviors except for alcohol abuse. Our findings indicate that reducing risky behaviors in pregnancy in order to prevent HIV should be a high-priority public health concern.

A RCT Testing If a Storybook Can Teach Children About Home Safety

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A Morrongiello ◽  
Alexandra R Marquis ◽  
Amanda Cox
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Home Safety ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Safety Knowledge ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Intervention Condition

Abstract Objective Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death for children under 19 years of age. For preschoolers, many injuries occur in the home. Addressing this issue, this study assessed if a storybook about home safety could be effective to increase preschoolers’ safety knowledge and reduce their injury-risk behaviors. Methods Applying a randomized controlled trial design, normally developing English speaking preschool children (3.5–5.5 years) in Southwestern Ontario Canada were randomly assigned to the control condition (a storybook about healthy eating, N = 30) or the intervention condition (a storybook about home hazards, N = 29). They read the assigned storybook with their mother for 4 weeks; time spent reading was tracked, and fidelity checks based on home visits were implemented. Results Comparing postintervention knowledge, understanding score, and risk behaviors across groups revealed that children who received the intervention were able to identify more hazards, provide more comprehensive safety explanations, and demonstrate fewer risky behaviors compared with children in the control group (ηp2 = 0.13, 0.19, and 0.51, respectively), who showed no significant changes over time in safety knowledge, understanding, or risk behaviors. Compliance with reading the safety book and fidelity in how they did so were very good. Conclusions A storybook can be an effective resource for educating young children about home safety and reducing their hazard-directed risk behaviors.

scholarly journals Planned versus unplanned risks: Neurocognitive predictors of subtypes of adolescents’ risk behavior

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Maslowsky ◽  
Daniel P. Keating ◽  
Christopher S. Monk ◽  
John Schulenberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adolescent Risk Behavior ◽  
Behavior Understanding ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
Neurocognitive Tasks ◽  
Report Measure ◽  
Substantial Morbidity

Risk behavior contributes to substantial morbidity and mortality during adolescence. This study examined neurocognitive predictors of proposed subtypes of adolescent risk behavior: planned (premeditated) versus unplanned (spontaneous). Adolescents (N = 69, 49% male, M = 15.1 [1.0] years) completed neurocognitive tasks (Iowa Gambling Task [IGT], and Game of Dice Task [GDT]) and a self-report measure indicating whether past-year risk behaviors were planned or unplanned. As hypothesized, identifying more beneficial choices on the neurocognitive tasks and perceiving benefits of risk behavior to outweigh costs predicted engagement in planned versus unplanned risk behavior. This study is the first to use neurocognitive assessments to differentiate planned and unplanned subtypes of risk behavior. Understanding mechanisms underlying these subtypes may inform prevention programs targeting specific contributors to adolescent risk behavior.

scholarly journals Awareness, Gender Variations, Consequences of Sexual Risk Behavior and Adopted Solutions among Senior Secondary Schools Adolescents in Owerri, Nigeria.

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Chinomnso Nnebue ◽  
Chukwuma Duru ◽  
Stanley Onah ◽  
Kenechi Uwakwe ◽  
Achunam Nwabueze
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Sexual Risk Behavior ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviors ◽  
School Type ◽  
Senior Secondary ◽  
Gender Variations

In our area, there is dearth of accurate sex education that could equip adolescents in making informed decisions on sexual issues. This scenario has been linked to a high prevalence of sexual risk behaviors, consequences and poor choices with regard to solutions. Objective: To determine the awareness, gender variations, consequences of sexual risk behavior, and adopted solutions among senior secondary school adolescents in Owerri, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross sectional survey of 384 in-school adolescents in Owerri, Nigeria, selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using pretested self-administered semi- structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.22 (p<0.05). Results: The majority of adolescents, i.e. 306 (82.5%), were aware of sexual risk behaviors, 340 (91.6%) had received some sex education, and 296 (79.8%) were aware of contraceptives. Key sources of information on sexuality were schools and parents. In total, 54 (14.1%) participants were sexually active, 12 (22.2%) reported ever having an STI, and 9 (75%) had been treated in hospital. Also, 8 (14.8%) of the 54 had dealt with a pregnancy; 7 (87.5%) had undergone an abortion, 3 (42.9%) in a hospital. Sexual risk behaviors among males were associated with age (p=0.002), school type (p=0.002), and alcohol intake (p=0.000), while the residence of the parents had a stronger influence among females (p=0.014). Conclusions: This study found high awareness of sexual issues, mainly sourced from schools and parents. Associations were made between sexual risk behaviors and gender differences (age, school type, and alcohol intake in males, parental residence among females). The consequences of sexual risk behaviors were early pregnancy and STIs, with poor solutions adopted.

YOUTH AND PARENTAL PERCEPTIONS OF PARENTAL MONITORING AND PARENT-ADOLESCENT COMMUNICATION, YOUTH DEPRESSION, AND YOUTH RISK BEHAVIORS

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1297-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuli Yu ◽  
Rebecca Clemens ◽  
Hongmei Yang ◽  
Xiaoming Li ◽  
Bonita Stanton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Parental Perceptions ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Youth Depression ◽  
Future Risk ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Depressed Parent ◽  
The Relationship

Data from 752 Bahamian youth and their parents were analyzed to examine the relationship of youth depression with youth risk involvement, parental monitoring, and parent-youth communication. Depressed youth were older, more likely to engage in risk behaviors, and they perceived significantly lower levels of parental monitoring and higher levels of impaired communication than did nondepressed youth. Both depressed and nondepressed youth perceived significantly lower rates of parental monitoring and open communication and higher rates of problem communication than did their parents, but the differences in perceptions of open communication were significantly greater among depressed parent-youth dyads. Depressed youth, youth with past histories of risk behavior, youth reporting higher levels of impaired communication and lower levels of parental monitoring were more likely to anticipate future risk behavior.

Concluding Observations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Fennell
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Group Relations ◽  
Racial Ideologies ◽  
Practical Level ◽  
The U.S

These case studies of the Virginia and Illinois regions have been presented with diverging themes of ethnicities and racism. At a practical level, analytic concepts of ethnicities can be employed effectively to understand some places, times, and populations. One should expect change in these social networks, often within just a few decades. For other times, locations, and communities, the impacts of racial ideologies make the analysis of racism a more productive approach. That contrast of ethnicity and racism arises in larger-scale debates concerning the usefulness of these two conceptual frameworks. Researchers have frequently examined the question of whether an analytic concept of racism is better replaced by concepts of ethnic group relations. No consensus has emerged over decades of debates. Scholars in some regions are affected by “post-racial” political agendas that influence them to depart from the terminology of racism in favor of alternative concepts of ethnicities. Such initiatives have impacted researchers in South Africa. They often frame their research within the broader social context of the post-racial policies of the Mandela presidency and later administrations. The U.S. certainly has not entered such a post-racial era.

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