A RCT Testing If a Storybook Can Teach Children About Home Safety

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A Morrongiello ◽  
Alexandra R Marquis ◽  
Amanda Cox
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Home Safety ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Safety Knowledge ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Intervention Condition

Abstract Objective Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death for children under 19 years of age. For preschoolers, many injuries occur in the home. Addressing this issue, this study assessed if a storybook about home safety could be effective to increase preschoolers’ safety knowledge and reduce their injury-risk behaviors. Methods Applying a randomized controlled trial design, normally developing English speaking preschool children (3.5–5.5 years) in Southwestern Ontario Canada were randomly assigned to the control condition (a storybook about healthy eating, N = 30) or the intervention condition (a storybook about home hazards, N = 29). They read the assigned storybook with their mother for 4 weeks; time spent reading was tracked, and fidelity checks based on home visits were implemented. Results Comparing postintervention knowledge, understanding score, and risk behaviors across groups revealed that children who received the intervention were able to identify more hazards, provide more comprehensive safety explanations, and demonstrate fewer risky behaviors compared with children in the control group (ηp2 = 0.13, 0.19, and 0.51, respectively), who showed no significant changes over time in safety knowledge, understanding, or risk behaviors. Compliance with reading the safety book and fidelity in how they did so were very good. Conclusions A storybook can be an effective resource for educating young children about home safety and reducing their hazard-directed risk behaviors.

Parental Presence during Induction of Anesthesia

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeev N. Kain ◽  
Alison A. Caldwell-Andrews ◽  
Linda C. Mayes ◽  
Shu-Ming Wang ◽  
Dawn M. Krivutza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Parental Presence ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Group Assignment ◽  
Oral Midazolam ◽  
Changes Over Time

Background The authors conducted a randomized controlled trial to determine whether parental presence during induction of anesthesia (PPIA) is associated with parental physiologic and behavioral manifestations of stress. Methods Children and their parents (N = 80) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) PPIA; (2) PPIA plus 0.5 mg/kg oral midazolam; and (3) control (no PPIA or midazolam). The effect of the group assignment on parental heart rate (HR), parental blood pressure, and parental skin conductance level (SCL) were assessed. Both parental HR and parental SCL were monitored continually. Anxiety of the parent and child was also assessed. Results Parental HR increased from baseline until the induction of anesthesia (P = 0.001). A group-by-time effect ( P= 0.005) was also found. That is, throughout the induction period there were several time points at which parents in the two PPIA groups had a significantly higher HR than did parents in the control group (P < 0.05). Similarly, SCL was found to increase in all parents from baseline until induction of anesthesia (P = 0.001). Significant group differences in SCL changes over time were found as well (P = 0.009). State anxiety and blood pressure following induction of anesthesia did not differ significantly between groups ( P= nonsignificant). Examination of parental Holter data revealed no rhythm abnormalities and no electrocardiogram changes indicating ischemia. Conclusions The authors found that PPIA is associated with increased parental HR and SCL. However, no increased incidence of electrocardiogram abnormalities were found in parents present during induction of anesthesia.

A randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of the Supervising for Home Safety program on parent appraisals of injury risk and need to actively supervise.

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Morrongiello ◽  
Megan Sandomierski ◽  
Daniel Zdzieborski ◽  
Heather McCollam
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Home Safety ◽  
Safety Program ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Influence of a Survival Swimming Training Programme on Water Safety Knowledge, Attitudes and Skills: A Randomized Controlled Trial among Young Adults in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11428
Author(s):  
Jeewanthika Ekanayaka ◽  
Chan Kim Geok ◽  
Bernadette Matthews ◽  
Samath D. Dharmaratne
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Safety Knowledge

Drowning among young adults is high in Sri Lanka. Water safety education is a recommended strategy for drowning prevention but is often overlooked for young adults. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an adapted educational intervention, “Swim for Safety” on improving water safety knowledge, attitudes and survival swimming skills among undergraduates (19–28 years) in Sri Lanka. This study employed a parallel-group, two-arm randomized controlled trial design. The intervention group (n = 78) received a face-to-face, 12-lesson education programme, and the control group (n = 78) received a brochure and weekly mobile phone messages for six consecutive weeks. Baseline, post-intervention and three-month follow-up knowledge, attitudes and skills were evaluated. Knowledge and attitudes were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire and skills were evaluated following a skills assessment protocol. In total 116 participants, 60 intervention group and 56 control group, completed the study. At baseline there were no differences between groups in median scores of water safety knowledge, attitudes and survival swimming skills. The intervention group demonstrated statistically significant increases in median water safety knowledge, attitudes and survival swimming skill scores compared with the control group, following the intervention and maintained at three-month follow-up (p < 0.05). The adapted Swim for Safety programme significantly improved water safety knowledge, attitudes, and survival swimming skills among young adults in Sri Lanka. Therefore, it is recommended that the SfS programme be implemented widely to prevent drowning in young adults.

Evaluation of an AIDS educational game (AIDS Fighter · Health Defense) for young students to improve AIDS-related knowledge, stigma and attitude of high-risk behaviors in China: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Tang ◽  
Xingli Yu ◽  
Jianlan Ren ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
Yue Luo
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Educational Game ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Young Students ◽  
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND The AIDS epidemic among young students is serious, and effective preventive interventions are urgently needed. Game-based intervention has become an innovative way to change healthy behaviors, and we have developed an AIDS educational game called AIDS Fighter · Health Defense. In this study we pilot-tested the effect of an AIDS Fighter · Health Defense for young students to improve AIDS-related knowledge, stigma and attitude of high-risk behaviors in Southwest China. OBJECTIVE To pilot-test the effect of an AIDS educational game (AIDS Fighter · Health Defense) for young students to improve AIDS-related knowledge, stigma and attitude of high-risk behaviors in Southwest China. METHODS A pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted from September 14 to September 27, 2020. Ninety-six students from two classes in a middle school were selected by stratified cluster sampling in Luzhou City, China. The two classes were randomly divided into the intervention group (n=50) and the control group (n=46) . The intervention group received AIDS educational game (AIDS Fighter · Health Defense); the control group learned AIDS-related knowledge through independent learning on the QQ chat group. The AIDS-related knowledge questionnaire, the stigma scale, the attitude questionnaire on AIDS-related high-risk behaviors were used to measure the effect of an AIDS educational game. The user's experience of the game was assessed by the Educational Game User Experience Evaluation Scale. SPSS 21.0 was used to analyze the data, and the difference was statistically significant with P≤0.05. RESULTS After the intervention, the AIDS knowledge awareness rate (X ̅±S, ％) of the intervention group and the control group were 70.09±11.58 and 57.49±16.58（t=4.282, P<0.001）. The stigma scores of the two groups were 2.44±0.57 and 2.48±0.47（t=0.354, P =0.724）, The positive rate (X ̅±S, ％) of attitudes of high-risk AIDS behaviors of the two groups were 82.00±23.44 and 79.62±17.94（t=0.555, P =0.580. A total of 54.73% of users rated the game as excellent, 31.45% of good, 13.09% of medium, and 0.73% of poor. CONCLUSIONS AIDS Fighter · Health Defense could increase the AIDS-related knowledge among young students, but the effect in reducing AIDS-related stigma and improving the attitudes of high-risk AIDS behaviors has not appeared. Long-term effects and large-scale studies are needed to assess the efficacy of game-based intervention. CLINICALTRIAL Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000038230)

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PREVENTIVE TRAINING PROGRAM FEEDBACK COMPLEXITY ON ATHLETE INJURY RISK

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0027
Author(s):  
Hayley J Root ◽  
R Curtis Bay ◽  
Lindsay J DiStefano
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Athlete Injury ◽  
Feedback Cues

Background: Preventive training programs (PTPs) reduce injury risk in youth athletes. Corrective verbal feedback is an integral component of PTP implementation; however, too many cues delivered at once may be too complicated for youth athletes. PTPs with simplified cues may be more effective as traditional PTPs to improve athlete injury risk. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in movements associated with injury risk youth athletes participating in a season-long PTP: with simplified feedback cues, with traditional feedback cues, or in a warm-up of the coaches’ choosing. Methods: A cluster-randomized controlled trial was utilized. Youth soccer teams were randomized into: simplified or traditional PTP, or the control group. Simplified and traditional PTPs were the same duration (10-15 minutes) with the same exercises, but the simplified PTP only provided sagittal plane feedback cues (e.g., “get low”) and the traditional PTP provided feedback in all planes of motion (e.g., “don’t let your knees cave inward”). Teams in the control group performed their coach’s warm-up. Participants completed two test sessions (PRE-season, POST-season) with three trials of a jump-landing task evaluated using the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS). The LESS is a valid and reliable clinical movement assessment. Participants jumped off a 30-cm high box to a distance half their height and immediately rebounded straight in the air for maximum vertical height. A single, reliable rater graded all trials. Three trials were averaged together for one composite LESS score at each time point. A generalized linear model was used to evaluate differences in composite LESS score between warm-up (Simplified, Traditional, Control) over time (PRE, POST) while controlling for team. All data were analyzed using SPSS Version 21.0 (p<0.05). Results: There were no significant differences between Simplified and Traditional PTPs (P>0.05) so the PTPs were combined into a single group (Intervention) and compared to Control from PRE to POST. Four-hundred and twenty athletes (Intervention n=291 athletes, Control n=129 athletes) participated. The Intervention group improved LESS scores ((Mean±SE [95% CI]) Intervention PRE:6.32±0.17 [5.99,6.67], Intervention POST: 5.36±0.16 [5.05,5.69], Control PRE: 6.58±0.35 [5.94,7.30], Control POST: 6.09±0.34 [5.47,6.79])(P=.04). Conclusion: Regardless of PTP, athletes improved movement technique. These findings suggest that simplified corrective feedback is as effective as more complex feedback. Future studies should look to train coaches to focus on simplified cues and evaluate impact on PTP implementation.

scholarly journals Clinical Trial of a Home Safety Toolkit for Alzheimer’s Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy J. Horvath ◽  
Scott A. Trudeau ◽  
James L. Rudolph ◽  
Paulette A. Trudeau ◽  
Mary E. Duffy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Home Safety ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Unpaid Care

This randomized clinical trial tested a new self-directed educational intervention to improve caregiver competence to create a safer home environment for persons with dementia living in the community. The sample included 108 patient/caregiver dyads: the intervention group (n=60) received the Home Safety Toolkit (HST), including a new booklet based on health literacy principles, and sample safety items to enhance self-efficacy to make home safety modifications. The control group (n=48) received customary care. Participants completed measures at baseline and at twelve-week follow-up. Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) was used to test for significant group differences. All caregiver outcome variables improved in the intervention group more than in the control. Home safety was significant atP≤0.001, caregiver strain atP≤0.001, and caregiver self-efficacy atP=0.002. Similarly, the care receiver outcome of risky behaviors and accidents was lower in the intervention group (P≤0.001). The self-directed use of this Home Safety Toolkit activated the primary family caregiver to make the home safer for the person with dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT) or related disorder. Improving the competence of informal caregivers is especially important for patients with DAT in light of all stakeholders reliance on their unpaid care.

scholarly journals Usability and Preliminary Effectiveness of a Preoperative mHealth App for People Undergoing Major Surgery: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam van der Velde ◽  
Karin Valkenet ◽  
Edwin Geleijn ◽  
Marjoke Kruisselbrink ◽  
Marije Marsman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
System Usability Scale ◽  
System Usability ◽  
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND Major surgery is associated with negative postoperative outcomes such as complications and delayed or poor recovery. Multimodal prehabilitation can help to reduce the negative effects of major surgery. Offering prehabilitation by means of mobile health (mHealth) could be an effective new approach. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this pilot study were to (1) evaluate the usability of the Be Prepared mHealth app prototype for people undergoing major surgery, (2) explore whether the app was capable of bringing about a change in risk behaviors, and (3) estimate a preliminary effect of the app on functional recovery after major surgery. METHODS A mixed-methods pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted in two Dutch academic hospitals. In total, 86 people undergoing major surgery participated. Participants in the intervention group received access to the Be Prepared app, a smartphone app using behavior change techniques to address risk behavior prior to surgery. Both groups received care as usual. Usability (System Usability Scale), change in risk behaviors 3 days prior to surgery, and functional recovery 30 days after discharge from hospital (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System physical functioning 8-item short form) were assessed using online questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable linear regression. Semistructured interviews about the usability of the app were conducted with 12 participants in the intervention group. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. RESULTS Seventy-nine people—40 in the intervention group and 39 in the control group—were available for further analysis. Participants had a median age of 61 (interquartile range 51.0-68.0) years. The System Usability Scale showed that patients considered the Be Prepared app to have acceptable usability (mean 68.2 [SD 18.4]). Interviews supported the usability of the app. The major point of improvement identified was further personalization of the app. Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed an increase in self-reported physical activity and muscle strengthening activities prior to surgery. Also, 2 of 2 frequent alcohol users in the intervention group versus 1 of 9 in the control group drank less alcohol in the run-up to surgery. No difference was found in change of smoking cessation. Between-group analysis showed no meaningful differences in functional recovery after correction for baseline values (β=–2.4 [95% CI –5.9 to 1.1]). CONCLUSIONS The Be Prepared app prototype shows potential in terms of usability and changing risk behavior prior to major surgery. No preliminary effect of the app on functional recovery was found. Points of improvement have been identified with which the app and future research can be optimized. CLINICALTRIAL Netherlands Trial Registry NL8623; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/8623

scholarly journals Diminishing Effects After Recurrent Use of Self-Guided Internet-Based Interventions in Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Bücker ◽  
Patricia Schnakenberg ◽  
Eirini Karyotaki ◽  
Steffen Moritz ◽  
Stefan Westermann
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Post Assessment ◽  
Internet Based Intervention ◽  
Intervention Condition

BACKGROUND Self-guided internet-based interventions have several advantages over guided interventions and are generally effective in treating psychiatric symptoms. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate whether the use of a new self-guided internet-based intervention (MOOD) would lead to a significant reduction in depressive symptoms compared with a care-as-usual (CAU) control group in a sample of individuals with depressive symptoms, most of whom had already used a different self-guided internet-based intervention in a previous trial. METHODS A total of 125 individuals were randomized to the intervention condition (MOOD) and received access to the intervention for a period of six weeks or a CAU group. After six weeks, all participants were invited to take part in the post assessment. The Beck Depression Inventory-II served as the primary outcome. RESULTS Both intention-to-treat as well as per-protocol analyses indicated that the depressive symptomatology decreased in both conditions but showed no advantage for those who had used MOOD. Subsequent moderation analyses suggested that those individuals who had less experience with psychotherapy benefitted to a greater extent compared with those with more experience. CONCLUSIONS Self-guided internet-based interventions are deemed a suitable first-step approach to the treatment of depression. However, our results indicate that they are more efficacious in those with less psychotherapy experience. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03795480; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03795480

scholarly journals Prevention of Depressive Symptoms and Promotion of Well-being in Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Smile Program

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-313
Author(s):  
Óscar Sánchez-Hernández ◽  
Francisco X. Méndez ◽  
Manuel Ato ◽  
Judy Garber
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Intervention Condition

This study addressed the development and evaluation of the Smile Program whose main objective was the prevention of depression and the promotion of well-being in adolescents. The program is based on interventions that have been shown to be efficacious (a cognitive-behavioral approach). Participants were 89 adolescents (mean age = 13.88 years; SD = 0.95) recruited from a sample of 1212 students from seven schools. Results showed a significant reduction in self-reported depressive symptoms in the intervention group (n= 51) as compared to youth in the control group (n= 38). Based on parents’ report (n=56), youth in the intervention group had significantly better self-esteem at post-test as compared to youth in the control group. At four months post intervention, youth in the intervention group had higher psychological well-being than those in the control group; at the 8-month follow-up, youth in the intervention condition reported better family self-concept.

scholarly journals Preventing lower extremity injury in elite orienteerers: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000347
Author(s):  
Philip von Rosen ◽  
Bodil Halvarsson
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Extremity Injury ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BackgroundThe high physical load associated with running through uneven terrain contributes toorienteerers being exposed to high injury risk, where the majority of injuries are located in the lower extremities. Specific training programmes have been effective at reducing injury risk in sports. Yet no trial has been conducted in elite orienteering. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of a specific training programme in preventing lower extremity injury in adult elite orienteerers.Study designRandomised controlled trial (RCT).MethodsSeventy-two Swedish elite orienteerers, aged 18–40 years, are allocated to an intervention or control group. The intervention group performs four specific exercises, with three difficult levels intensified every second week over the first 4 weeks, targeting strength, flexibility and coordination of the lower extremity. The exercises are completed four times a week (10 min per session) in conjunction with normal training over 14 weeks. Injury data are collected every second week using a valid injury questionnaire distributed by text messages over 14 weeks. The primary outcome is number of substantial injuries in the lower extremity. The secondary outcomes are incidence of ankle sprains and the average substantial injury prevalence across 14 weeks.DiscussionDue to high injury risk and lack of injury prevention trials in orienteering, an RCT investigating the effect of a specific exercise programme in preventing lower extremity injury is warranted. The results of this trial will be beneficial to orienteerers, clubs and federations, and increase our understanding on how lower extremity injuries can be prevented in a physically challenging sport.Trial registration numberNCT03408925.

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