Companion Bills and Cross-Chamber Collaboration in the U.S. Congress

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin H. Kirkland ◽  
Mary A. Kroeger
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Partner Selection ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Relational Difficulties ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. House and Senate were designed to have an adversarial relationship. Yet, House members and senators often collaborate on the introduction of “companion” bills. We develop a theory of these cross-chamber collaborations, which asserts that companion bill introductions are driven by legislators’ desire to increase the probability of bill passage and the relational difficulties in developing companion bill partnerships. To test the expectations emerging from our theory, we develop a novel data set of every companion bill introduction in the 111th and 112th U.S. Congress. Then, using social networking techniques, we develop an empirical model of partner selection in companion bill introduction. Our results are supportive of our expectations, and suggest that companion bills are more likely to survive chamber deliberation and are typically introduced by senior members with secure electoral margins.

scholarly journals The Roles of Labor and Profitability in Choosing a Grazing Strategy for Beef Production in the U.S. Gulf Coast Region

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Gillespie ◽  
Wayne Wyatt ◽  
Brad Venuto ◽  
David Blouin ◽  
Robert Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Time And Motion ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Labor Requirements ◽  
Gulf Coast Region ◽  
Coast Region ◽  
The U.S

Comparisons are made concerning labor required and profitability associated with continuous grazing at three stocking rates and rotational grazing at a high stocking rate in the U.S. Gulf Coast region. A unique data set was collected using a time and motion study method to determine labor requirements. Profits are lowest for low stocking rate–continuous grazing and high stocking rate–rotational grazing. Total labor and labor in three specific categories are greater on per acre and/or per cow bases with rotational-grazing than with continuous-grazing strategies. These results help to explain relatively low adoption rates of rotational grazing in the region.

scholarly journals Building prediction models for coronary heart disease by synthesizing multiple longitudinal research findings

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guizhou Hu ◽  
Martin M. Root
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Data Set

Background No methodology is currently available to allow the combining of individual risk factor information derived from different longitudinal studies for a chronic disease in a multivariate fashion. This paper introduces such a methodology, named Synthesis Analysis, which is essentially a multivariate meta-analytic technique. Design The construction and validation of statistical models using available data sets. Methods and results Two analyses are presented. (1) With the same data, Synthesis Analysis produced a similar prediction model to the conventional regression approach when using the same risk variables. Synthesis Analysis produced better prediction models when additional risk variables were added. (2) A four-variable empirical logistic model for death from coronary heart disease was developed with data from the Framingham Heart Study. A synthesized prediction model with five new variables added to this empirical model was developed using Synthesis Analysis and literature information. This model was then compared with the four-variable empirical model using the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) Epidemiologic Follow-up Study data set. The synthesized model had significantly improved predictive power ( x2 = 43.8, P < 0.00001). Conclusions Synthesis Analysis provides a new means of developing complex disease predictive models from the medical literature.

Affective Ties That Bind: Investigating the Affordances of Social Networking Sites for Commemoration of Traumatic Events

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunya Song ◽  
Ran Xu
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Preferential Attachment ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mass Trauma ◽  
Nanjing Massacre ◽  
Negative Feelings

Social networking sites (SNSs) facilitate self-expression and promote social connections. There has been growing scholarly attention to the affect-charged collectivities created online in the aftermath of disasters and mass traumas. This study was designed to examine how individuals affiliate in SNS-based commemoration of a mass trauma, taking advantage of a large Weibo (the Chinese equivalent of Twitter) data set which captures users’ responses over 4 years to the anniversary of the Nanjing massacre, a major traumatic event in Chinese history. Machine learning–based content analysis was combined with dyadic-level network analysis to examine the content Weibo users create and the conversational structures they formed. The results reveal that homophily, geographic proximity, and preferential attachment work in tandem with displays of emotion to influence the formation of online conversational ties. Expressions of negative emotions were found to facilitate or inhibit the homophily effect. Being exposed to the display of anger amplifies the homophily effect among the users, while sadness weakens it. The findings point to the importance of examining specific emotions rather than global (positive–negative) feelings in understanding the dynamics of SNS-based interaction.

An Exploration of Bank Confirmation Process Automation: A Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Caster ◽  
Randal J. Elder ◽  
Diane J. Janvrin
Keyword(s):  
Technology Use ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Process Automation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Big 4 ◽  
Bank Employees ◽  
The U.S

This exploratory study examines automation of the bank confirmation process using longitudinal data set from the largest third-party U.S. confirmation service provider supplemented with informal interviews with practitioners. We find a significant increase in electronic confirmation use in the U.S. and internationally. Errors requiring reconfirmation were less than two percent of all electronic confirmations. Errors made by auditors were almost five times more likely than errors by bank employees. Most auditor errors involved use of an invalid account number, although invalid client contact, invalid request, and invalid company name errors increased recently. Big 4 auditors made significantly more confirmation errors than did auditors at non-Big 4 national firms. Error rates and error types do not vary between confirmations initiated in the U.S. and those initiated internationally. Three themes emerged for future research: authentication of evidence, global differences in technology use, and technology adoption across firms of different sizes.

Gendered Social-Networking Organizations

2017 ◽  
pp. 1326-1352
Author(s):  
Ben Tran
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Mentoring Programs ◽  
Mentoring Program ◽  
Upper Management ◽  
Development Support ◽  
Organizational Longevity ◽  
Historical Coverage ◽  
The U.S

Research has consistently documented that women are disproportionately represented in upper management and in positions of power and still continue to dominate traditionally female occupations. Hence, recognizing that effective efforts needs to be made to assist women in their career development, many organizations have adopted mentoring programs to address gender differences in advancement without having a grounded plan. Organizations often do so out of competing for and achieving organizational longevity, organizational competitive advantage, or for legal accommodations for marketing purposes. Organizations often implement mentoring program(s) with the goal of having mentors provide mentees with psychosocial support, career development support, sponsorship and coaching, setting up challenging assignments, fostering positive visibility, and protecting the mentee from adverse forces. Hence, the purpose of this article will be on mentorship (brief historical coverage and definition), stereotypes of gendered advancement based on gender, and cross-gender mentorship in the U.S.

Legal Issues Associated with Emerging Social Interaction Technologies

2010 ◽  
pp. 351-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Sprague
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Online Service Providers ◽  
The U.S

This chapter focuses on legal issues that may arise from the increasing use of social interaction technologies; prospective employers searching the Internet to discover information from candidates’ blogs, personal web pages, or social networking profiles; employees being fired because of blog comments; a still-evolving federal law granting online service providers sweeping immunity from liability for userpublished content; and attempts to apply the federal computer crime law to conduct on social networking sites. The U.S. legal system has been slow to adapt to the rapid proliferation of social interaction technologies. This paradox of rapid technological change and slow legal development can sometimes cause unfairness and uncertainty. Until the U.S. legal system begins to adapt to the growing use of these technologies, there will be no change.

scholarly journals Adaptation of an empirical model for erythemal ultraviolet irradiance

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1499-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Foyo-Moreno ◽  
I. Alados ◽  
L. Alados-Arboledas
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Model ◽  
Independent Set ◽  
Mean Bias Error ◽  
Bias Error ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Uv Index ◽  
Ultraviolet Irradiance ◽  
Sky Conditions ◽  
Mean Square Errors ◽  
Radiation Measurements

Abstract. In this work we adapt an empirical model to estimate ultraviolet erythemal irradiance (UVER) using experimental measurements carried out at seven stations in Spain during four years (2000–2003). The measurements were taken in the framework of the Spanish UVB radiometric network operated and maintained by the Spanish Meteorological Institute. The UVER observations are recorded as half hour average values. The model is valid for all-sky conditions, estimating UVER from the ozone columnar content and parameters usually registered in radiometric networks, such as global broadband hemispherical transmittance and optical air mass. One data set was used to develop the model and another independent set was used to validate it. The model provides satisfactory results, with low mean bias error (MBE) for all stations. In fact, MBEs are less than 4% and root mean square errors (RMSE) are below 18% (except for one location). The model has also been evaluated to estimate the UV index. The percentage of cases with differences of 0 UVI units is in the range of 61.1% to 72.0%, while the percentage of cases with differences of ±1 UVI unit covers the range of 95.6% to 99.2%. This result confirms the applicability of the model to estimate UVER irradiance and the UV index at those locations in the Iberian Peninsula where there are no UV radiation measurements.

An assessment of flight efficiency based on the point merge system at metroplex airports

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ozlem Sahin ◽  
Oznur Usanmaz ◽  
Enis T. Turgut
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Flight Distance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Entry Points

Purpose Metroplex is a system of two or more airports, in physical proximity, with highly interdependent arrival and departure operations. The purpose of this study is the construction of an efficient and effective air route model based on the point merge system (PMS) to reduce aircraft fuel consumption and CO2 emissions for three metroplex airports in Istanbul terminal control area (TMA). Design/methodology/approach A PMS arrival route model is constructed for metroplex airports. In the proposed model, two situations are taken into consideration: for delay which can be defined as flying on sequencing legs (PMSdel) and for no delay (PMSno del). An empirical model is developed using a data set including the flight data records of ten actual B737-800 domestic flights. With this empirical model, both the baseline and the PMS models (PMSdel and PMSno del) are compared in terms of fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and flight distance and time as a theoretical computation. Findings In the proposed PMSno del arrival route model, according to different entry points for Istanbul Ataturk International Airport (LTBA), the analyses show an average reduction of 26 per cent in flight time, 24.5 per cent in flight distance, 17 per cent in fuel burned and CO2 emissions; in addition, for Sabiha Gökcen International Airport (LTFJ) there are 34, 23 and 32 per cent average savings for flight time, flight distance and fuel burned together with CO2 emissions obtained, respectively. Even if the PMSdel model, for LTFJ except only one entry point, for LTBA except two entry points, better results are obtained than baseline. Practical implications The point merge model for metroplex airports in this paper can be applied by airspace designers and Air Navigation Service Providers to perform efficient and effective arrival routes. Originality/value In this study, a point merge model is constructed for metroplex airports. Quantitative results, using an empirical model, are achieved in terms of fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and flight distance and time at metroplex airports.

scholarly journals Crash Risk in Currency Returns

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Chernov ◽  
Jeremy Graveline ◽  
Irina Zviadadze
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Currency Risk ◽  
Jump Risk ◽  
Bilateral Exchange ◽  
The U.S

We develop an empirical model of bilateral exchange rates. It includes normal shocks with stochastic variance and jumps in an exchange rate and in its variance. The probability of a jump in an exchange rate corresponding to depreciation (appreciation) of the U.S. dollar is increasing in the domestic (foreign) interest rate. The probability of a jump in variance is increasing in the variance only. Jumps in exchange rates are associated with announcements; jumps in variance are not. On average, jumps account for 25% of currency risk. The dollar carry index retains these features. Options suggest that jump risk is priced.

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