Be Your Own Superhero: A Case of a Young Boy With Selective Mutism and Complex Comorbidities

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-365
Author(s):  
Maria Khan ◽  
Kimberly Renk
Keyword(s):  
Selective Mutism ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Speech And Language Therapy ◽  
Comorbid Anxiety ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Treatment Focus ◽  
Significant Impairment

This case study outlines the treatment of a 5-year-old Caucasian male who presented with symptoms of selective mutism (SM) along with significant impairment related to comorbid anxiety and speech difficulties. To address these symptoms, Integrated Behavior Therapy for Selective Mutism (IBTSM) was utilized for the treatment of this young boy’s SM and comorbid anxiety. An attachment focus was incorporated as a framework for conceptualizing his SM symptoms. As the treatment of this young boy’s symptoms proceeded, it became clear that his underlying speech difficulties needed to be addressed as well, as these difficulties were preventing expected progress to occur. Thus, this young boy’s treatment was individualized to fit his unique difficulties. In shifting the treatment focus to “being brave like a superhero,” significant decreases were achieved in this young boy’s overall internalizing and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM)-related anxiety symptoms, facilitating a successful transition to speech and language therapy. This case study is distinctive in its description of the complexities that may come along with treating symptoms that appear consistent with SM along with other comorbid conditions and nuanced circumstances.

Speech Technologies for Language Therapy

2011 ◽  
pp. 408-433
Author(s):  
Ingrid Kirschning ◽  
Ronald Cole
Keyword(s):  
Markov Models ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Effective Interactions ◽  
Speech And Language Therapy ◽  
Recognition Systems ◽  
Special Education School

This chapter presents the development and use of speech technologies in language therapy for children with hearing disabilities. It describes the challenges that must be addressed to design and construct a system to support effective interactions. The chapter begins with an introduction to speech and language therapy and discusses how speech-based systems can provide useful tools for speech and language therapy and to overcome the lack of sufficient human resources to help all children who require it. Then it describes the construction of adequate speech recognition systems for children, using artificial neural networks and hidden Markov models. Next, a case study is presented with the system we have been developing for speech and language therapy for children in a special education school. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the obtained results and the lessons learned from our experiences that will hopefully inform and encourage other researchers, developers, and educators to develop learning tools for individuals with disabilities.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Lochner ◽  
Dan Stein ◽  
Eileen Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology ◽  
Insight Into

Body dysmorphic disorder requires obsessional thoughts regarding a perceived defect in appearance and/or compulsive behavior that develop in response to those thoughts. Individuals experience clinically significant impairment because of their appearance concerns. Body dysmorphic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder have many similarities, including phenomenologic features, comorbidities, and underlying pathophysiology. Insight into the excessiveness or irrationality of their beliefs varies from good to delusional. Many individuals with body dysmorphic disorder present with comorbid suicidal ideation and substance use disorders. This review contains 1 table, and 30 references. Key words: body dysmorphic disorder, diagnostic and statistical manual, obsessive-compulsive and related disorder

scholarly journals Surviving violent, traumatic loss after severe political persecution: lessons from the evaluation of a Venezuelan asylum seeker

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e239025
Author(s):  
Jennifer H McQuaid ◽  
Michelle Alejandra Silva ◽  
Katherine C McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Loss ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
Persistent Complex Bereavement ◽  
Mental Health Effects ◽  
Political Persecution ◽  
Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder

In July 2019, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) released a report urging the Venezuelan government to take immediate action to address the ‘grave violations of economic, social, civil, political and cultural rights’ occurring in the country. This case study highlights the human rights violations occurring in Venezuela through the case of a Venezuelan woman who experienced political persecution and traumatic loss resulting from her opposition to the ruling socialist party. As the clinical team of evaluators explored the mental health effects of surviving threats on her own life and the politically motivated assassination of her husband, it was agreed that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition did not fully capture the extent of her suffering. Case discussion broadens the lens beyond the client’s experiences of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression to include persistent complex bereavement disorder, and emphasises the importance of addressing the sequelae of traumatic loss in a multifaceted way that broadens understanding of emotional functioning postmigration.

Speech and language therapy intervention in schizophrenia: a case study

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (s1) ◽  
pp. 81-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Clegg ◽  
Shelagh Brumfitt ◽  
Randolph W. Parks ◽  
Peter W. R. Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Speech And Language ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Speech And Language Therapy ◽  
Therapy Intervention

Communicative, cognitive and emotional issues in selective mutism

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micaela Capobianco ◽  
Luca Cerniglia
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Selective Mutism ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Environmental Causes ◽  
Work Supports

Abstract Selective mutism (SM) is a developmental disorder characterized by a child’s inability to speak in certain contexts and/or in the presence of unfamiliar interlocutors. This work proposes a critical discussion of the most recent studies on SM, with respect to clinical and diagnostic features, as well as the etiology and treatment of this disorder. At present, all research work supports the hypothesis that SM is a complex anxiety disorder with multifactorial etiology (interaction among biological and environmental causes). The latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) places SM mutism among “Anxiety Disorders”, and no longer among “Other Childhood, Infant and Adolescent Disorders” (as in DSM-IV). Other important aspects relate to cognitive biases and emotional states at the base of SM, which partly explain the disorder’s persistence and represent an important objective of intervention work. No data in the literature point to a total remission of SM, but good results are achieved with cognitive behavior intervention and multimodal therapy (MMT) involving a variety of child interaction contexts.

Excoriation Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-62
Author(s):  
Hae-Joon Kim ◽  
Kelsey L. Luks ◽  
Ana Rabasco ◽  
Justyna Jurska ◽  
Margaret Andover
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Skin Picking ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Excoriation Disorder ◽  
Recent Version

Excoriation disorder, which is characterized by recurrent and impairing skin picking, has been included as a distinct diagnosis in the most recent version of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The move to include excoriation disorder as a separate diagnosis in the DSM-5 was largely due to increasing awareness of its prevalence and the potential for significant impairment and distress. This chapter discusses the nature, clinical presentation, and potential etiological determinants of excoriation disorder. In addition to the nature of symptoms, contemporary approaches to assessment and treatment, including behavioral and pharmacological, are highlighted. The chapter concludes with a discussion of future directions for research.

scholarly journals Organising undergraduate research projects: student-led and academic-led models

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael-Anne Knight ◽  
Nicola Botting
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Undergraduate Research ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Speech And Language Therapy ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address the management of undergraduate final year research dissertations. It intends to explain and clarify the experience of two models of delivery (student-led/academic-led) with reference to interest development theory (Hidi and Renninger, 2006). Design/methodology/approach The authors focus on the advantages and drawbacks of each model within the context of the research literature, and describe a case study of the experiences of lecturers and students in one division of a metropolitan UK university, running a leading programme in speech and language therapy (pathology). Recommendations are made which are intended to be of use to colleagues across disciplines and organisations. Findings The authors argue that a delivery where students can choose their research topic from a limited set suggested by supervisors (academic-led model) is best placed to meet motivational challenges in Hidi and Renninger’s framework, and also increase feasibility for staff. The authors discuss how such a model might best be implemented. Originality/value Describing case study experiences within a conceptual framework is important for the development of improved supervision methods. It is hoped that this case study paper will inform other institutions by providing clear theoretical underpinnings and practical recommendations; and that it will lead to further empirical research into models of organising final year dissertations.

scholarly journals Cognitive linguistic Treatment in Landau Kleffner Syndrome: Improvement in Daily Life Communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2329048X2110221
Author(s):  
Ineke van der Meulen ◽  
Robert F. Pangalila ◽  
W. Mieke E. van de Sandt-Koenderman
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Speech And Language Therapy ◽  
New Words ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Promising Treatment

We report a case study of cognitive linguistic treatment in a teenager with chronic severe Landau Kleffner Syndrome. The effect of speech and language therapy in LKS is rarely examined and our case is unique in that we use an effective approach in adult aphasia to treat language deficits in aphasia in LKS. The results show successful acquisition of a considerable amount of new words as well as improved communication in daily life. However, auditory verbal agnosia, the most prominent feature in LKS, persisted. Cognitive linguistic treatment seems a promising treatment to improve spoken language production in LKS, but more research is needed to optimize speech and language therapy of auditory verbal agnosia and auditory language comprehension in children with LKS

scholarly journals Gender-related Differences in Individuals Seeking Treatment for Kleptomania

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon E. Grant ◽  
Marc N. Potenza
Keyword(s):  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Significant Impairment

ABSTRACTObjective: Understanding variations in disease presentation in men and women is clinically important as differences may reflect biological and sociocultural factors and have implications for prevention and treatment strategies. Few empirical investigations have been performed in kleptomania, particularly with respect to gender-related influences.Methods: From 2001–2007, 95 adult subjects (n = 27 [28.4%] males) withDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-defined kleptomania were assessed on sociodemographics and clinical characteristics, including symptom severity, comorbidity, and functional impairment, to identify gender-related differences.Results: Men and women showed substantial symptom severity and functional impairment. Compared with affected men, women with kleptomania were more likely to be married (47.1% vs 25.9%;P= .039), have a later age at shoplifting onset (20.9 vs 14 years of age;P= .001), steal household items (P<.001), hoard stolen items (P=.020), and have an eating disorder (P= .017) and less likely to steal electronic goods (P< .001) and have another impulse-control disorder (P= .018).Conclusion: Kleptomania is similarly associated with significant impairment in women and men. Gender-related differences in clinical features and co-occurring disorders suggest that prevention and treatment strategies incorporate gender considerations.

scholarly journals Video Use in Reflective Practice: Experience from Educating Speech and Language Therapists

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Stokes ◽  
Keena Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Reflective Practice ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Speech And Language Therapy ◽  
Education Professionals ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Skills ◽  
Practice Experience

This case study shares the experiences of speech and language therapy lecturers in higher education using video with students and practitioners to support reflective practice. The authors believe that video forms a fundamental role in developing the core skills of health, social and education professionals. Frequently teachers in higher education and students alike present with a reluctance to engage with the use of video. Possible reasons for this are discussed. The importance of careful preparatory and debriefing sessions is emphasized, as is the need for an observation schedule. The key ingredients to ensuring that video is effective as a learning tool as well as the challenges are examined. The experience may well have resonance with others in higher education involved in the development of critical reflection associated with students’ communication and interaction.

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