A Call to the Front: Occupational Therapy Practice in Addressing School Bullying

2021 ◽  
pp. 153944922110587
Author(s):  
Janet Njelesani ◽  
Aisha Faulkner ◽  
Beth Schweitzer ◽  
Hayden Jeon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Interprofessional Team ◽  
School Based

Students with disabilities are more likely to be bullied at school than nondisabled students. This study aimed to understand occupational therapists’ practices and roles in addressing bullying against students with disabilities. An electronic survey was distributed in the United States to school-based occupational therapists to collect information on roles, practices, and barriers in addressing bullying. Data were analyzed using inferential statistics, frequencies, percentages, and content analysis. A total of 151 occupational therapists participated. The results illuminated critical gaps in occupational therapy practice. The majority of occupational therapists see or hear of bullying but do not address it. They reported the lack of evidence and interventions to draw upon and time due to caseload as key barriers. Occupational therapists can contribute to anti-bullying practices as a member of the interprofessional team, bringing in strategies and interventions from occupational therapy to create safer environments for all students.

The entry-level occupational therapy clinical doctorate: The next education wave of change in Canada?

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 306-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Brown ◽  
Jeffrey L. Crabtree ◽  
Joe Wells ◽  
Keli Mu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
The United States ◽  
Occupational Therapy Education ◽  
Clinical Doctorate ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Therapy Education

Background. Currently, Canada and the United States are the only two countries that mandate entry to the occupational therapy profession at the master’s level. There was a recommendation considered by the American Occupational Therapy Association that by 2025 all education programs would move to the clinical doctorate level. In August 2015, the Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education made the formal decision that for now, the entry-level qualification for occupational therapists in the United States will remain at both the master’s and clinical doctorate levels. Purpose. This article presents an overview of the types of doctorates available, the pros and cons of moving to the clinical doctorate, and some potential questions that will need to be considered. Key issues. Is the next step in the educational progression of occupational therapy in Canada the entry-level clinical doctorate? What are the potential implications for the profession, our clients, and funders? Implications. Further discourse and investigation of this issue is needed.

The Impact of Reimbursement Systems on Occupational Therapy Practice in Canada and the United States of America

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn Jongbloed ◽  
Toby Wendland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Cost Control ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
The United States ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
The Usa

Different funding and cost-control mechanisms in Canada and the United States of America (USA) have a powerful influence on occupational therapy practice in each country. Canada's public health insurance system emphasizes access to health care services based on medical need. Costs are controlled at the provincial government level by limiting the capacity of facilities and personnel. Occupational therapists in publicly-funded settings have considerable professional autonomy to use occupational therapy theoretical models and to be client-centred. The measurement of outcomes is not always required and the interventions of individual occupational therapists are infrequently scrutinized. The USA has no universal, publicly-funded, comprehensive health insurance. Health care policies are driven by financial priorities and cost control occurs at the service delivery level. Insurance companies define the scope of occupational therapy practice by identifying what services they will pay for and they scrutinize occupational therapy interventions. The emphasis on effectiveness and efficiency leads to critical examination of interventions by therapists. Canadian occupational therapists can learn much from their colleagues in the USA in this area.

Analysis of school bullying legislation and policies in the United States

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariana N. Bell ◽  
Victoria Stuart-Cassel ◽  
Fred Springer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Bullying

Capturing the Art of Public Service: The Government’s Perspective

Public Voices ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Tony Carrizales
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Public Art ◽  
The United States ◽  
Virtual Museum ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Art Forms

Public Service, in popular culture, can be viewed through many artistic lenses. Although there has been a consistent negative portrayal of government through art forms such as film and television, this research looks to review how government institutions in the United States have used art to provide a positive portrayal of public service. Eight forms of public service art are outlined through a content analysis of the holdings at the Virtual Museum of Public Service. The findings show that government and public entities have historically and continually engaged in promoting public service through art. Many of these public art examples are accessible year round, without limitations, such as buildings, statues, and public structures.

Manual Therapy in Preadolescent Children: A Delphi Investigation of Physical Therapists in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenifer L Dice ◽  
Doug Dendy ◽  
Phillip S Sizer ◽  
Chad E Cook ◽  
Sara Feuling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Manual Therapy ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
The United States ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Craniosacral Therapy ◽  
Barriers To Use ◽  
Composite Scores

ABSTRACT Objective Limited research has investigated the use of manual therapy to treat the preadolescent (0–12 years of age) population with musculoskeletal and neurological impairments. The purpose of this study was to identify the following among physical therapists holding advanced credentials in pediatrics, neurodevelopmental treatment, or manual therapy: (1) consensus regarding effective techniques in the preadolescent population, (2) differences in opinion, and (3) perceived decision-making barriers and factors regarding use of manual therapy techniques. Methods Credentialed physical therapists in the United States were recruited for a 3-round Delphi investigation. An electronic survey in Round 1 identified musculoskeletal and neurological impairments and the manual techniques considered effective to treat such conditions, in addition to factors and barriers. Responses were used to create the second round, during which a 4-point Likert scale was used to score each survey item. A third round of scoring established consensus. Descriptive statistics and composite scores were calculated for each manual technique by impairment. Between-group differences were calculated using Mann–Whitney U with Bonferroni correction. Results Consensus was determined for several concepts. First, neuromuscular techniques were considered effective across all impairments, and joint mobilizations (grades I-IV) were believed to be effective to treat joint and muscle and myofascial impairments. Second, visceral manipulation and craniosacral therapy were considered ineffective in treating most impairments. There was lack of consensus and clear differences of opinion regarding the use of grade V mobilizations and dry needling. Significant barriers to use of manual therapy were: lack of knowledge, lack of evidence, and fear of litigation and harming patients. Conclusion This study is an initial step for developing manual therapy guidelines, research, and educational opportunities regarding manual therapy in pediatric physical therapy.

scholarly journals Household COVID-19 risk and in-person schooling

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. eabh2939
Author(s):  
Justin Lessler ◽  
M. Kate Grabowski ◽  
Kyra H. Grantz ◽  
Elena Badillo-Goicoechea ◽  
C. Jessica E. Metcalf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Office Work ◽  
School Based ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Extra Curricular Activities ◽  
Low Levels

In-person schooling has proved contentious and difficult to study throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Data from a massive online survey in the United States indicates an increased risk of COVID-19-related outcomes among respondents living with a child attending school in-person. School-based mitigation measures are associated with significant reductions in risk, particularly daily symptoms screens, teacher masking, and closure of extra-curricular activities. A positive association between in-person schooling and COVID-19 outcomes persists at low levels of mitigation, but when seven or more mitigation measures are reported, a significant relationship is no longer observed. Among teachers, working outside the home was associated with an increase in COVID-19-related outcomes, but this association is similar to other occupations (e.g., healthcare, office work). While in-person schooling is associated with household COVID-19 risk, this risk can likely be controlled with properly implemented school-based mitigation measures.

scholarly journals Evaluation of pharmacists’ awareness of illegal online pharmacies and perceived impact on safe access to medicines

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239920262110056
Author(s):  
John B Hertig ◽  
Shannon M James ◽  
Connor J Hummel ◽  
Matthew J Rubin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pharmacy Education ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Medication Therapy ◽  
Online Pharmacies ◽  
Effective Medication ◽  
Selection Of

Background: An estimated 95% of all online pharmacies operate unlawfully. Illegal online pharmacies distribute substandard and falsified medical products that may result in patient harm and suboptimal treatment, leading to an overall mistrust of medications, healthcare providers, and health systems. As medication experts, pharmacists are trusted to guide patients in selection of safe and effective medication therapy. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine gaps in knowledge and recognition of the negative clinical and safety impacts associated with illegal Internet pharmacies by licensed pharmacists. Methods: A 37-question electronic survey was developed and distributed to pharmacists across the United States by email via a database from the American Pharmacists Association. Descriptive statistics was utilized to analyze data. Results: A total of 347 pharmacists from across the United States responded to at least one question in the survey. In all, 58% of pharmacists reported a lack of confidence in their ability to counsel patients on the identification of illegal pharmacy websites. Fewer than 60% of pharmacists were able to accurately identify the legitimacy of a webpage based on visual characteristics. In addition, 75% of pharmacists reported being unfamiliar with resources available to help consumers identify safe and legitimate online pharmacies. Conclusion: Integration of the topic into pharmacy education curricula, training on available resources, and additional research into the prevalence and impact of illegal pharmacy websites are necessary to ensure that pharmacists and other healthcare professionals are adequately prepared to protect their communities from the threat of illegal online pharmacies.

scholarly journals The developing role of occupational therapists in school-based practice: Experiences from collaborative action research in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-386
Author(s):  
Debbie Kramer-Roy ◽  
Denise Hashim ◽  
Nighat Tahir ◽  
Areeba Khan ◽  
Asma Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Collaborative Action Research ◽  
School Level ◽  
Collaborative Action ◽  
School Based

Introduction Occupational therapists around the world increasingly seek to support the participation of children with disabilities and special educational needs in mainstream education. Contemporary school-based occupational therapy practice is progressing from an individual, impairment focus towards collaborative, universal interventions at the whole class and whole school level. Participation-focused practice and collaboration is particularly important, but uncommon, in low-resource contexts such as Pakistan. Methods This article reports on collaborative action research that developed the role of occupational therapy in inclusive education in Karachi, Pakistan. A research team consisting of occupational therapists and teachers worked with five local primary schools, using the action research cycles of plan–implement–observe–reflect to develop practical strategies, materials and inclusive lesson plans to facilitate the participation of all children in all school-based occupations. Findings Support from school management and interdisciplinary collaboration were crucial for implementing change. In addition, strategies like inclusive lesson planning were found to benefit all children in class. Collaborative action research led to increased professional confidence in the teachers and occupational therapists, and skill development through developing a resource guide, running workshops and presenting at (inter)national conferences. Conclusion Collaborative action research was an effective means to develop the occupational therapy role in inclusive education practices in Pakistan, develop culturally appropriate educational resources, and upskill local therapists and teachers.

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