Route-Oriented Tasks Help Initial Survey-Based Learning

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (26) ◽  
pp. 2273-2276
Author(s):  
Michael J. Piller ◽  
Marc M. Sebrechts
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Spatial Knowledge ◽  
Initial Training ◽  
Training Performance ◽  
Similar Performance ◽  
Initial Survey ◽  
Navigational Learning

The role of route and survey information on the gradual acquisition of spatial knowledge was examined in a virtual environment (VE). Navigational focus was induced by having participants learn the environment using either an opaque (route) or transparent (survey) VE. Goal focus was induced by requiring participants to train to a sequential listing (route) or map-based (survey) criterion. During initial training, the presence of a route focus, based on the environment or the stated goal, led to better performance on a survey task than an exclusively survey focus. With increased training, performance with a survey-based focus matched that with a route-based focus. Early stage navigational learning in a survey-based environment benefited from the presence of a route goal. Later stage learning resulted in similar performance between route and survey goals and navigational learning environments.

Wayfinding Behavior and Spatial Knowledge of Adults and Children in a Virtual Environment: The Role of the Environmental Structure

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Jansen-Osmann ◽  
Juliane Schmid ◽  
Martin Heil
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Cognition ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Spatial Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Structure ◽  
Developmental Progress ◽  
Exploration Behavior ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Desktop Virtual Environment

This study investigated the effect of regularity in environmental structure on wayfinding behavior and spatial knowledge. A total of 60 participants (7- to 8-year-olds, 11- to12-year-olds, and adults) performed self-determined movements in a desktop virtual environment. In almost all measurements of wayfinding performance and spatial knowledge an overall developmental progress from younger children to adults was found. In contrast, exploration behavior did not differ between adults and children Furthermore, the environmental structure tended to influence only the wayfinding performance of younger children, but did not have any effect on the exploration behavior and the spatial knowledge of children or adults. This outcome supports the idea of a dissociation between exploration behavior, wayfinding performance and spatial knowledge as distinct aspects of spatial cognition.

Effects of Head-Slaved Navigation and the Use of Teleports on Spatial Orientation in Virtual Environments

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels H. Bakker ◽  
Peter O. Passenier ◽  
Peter J. Werkhoven
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Spatial Knowledge ◽  
Proprioceptive Feedback ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
Navigation Interface

The type of navigation interface in a virtual environment (VE)---head slaved or indirect---determines whether or not proprioceptive feedback stimuli are present during movement. In addition, teleports can be used, which do not provide continuous movement but, rather, discontinuously displace the viewpoint over large distances. A two-part experiment was performed. The first part investigated whether head-slaved navigation provides an advantage for spatial learning in a VE. The second part investigated the role of anticipation when using teleports. The results showed that head-slaved navigation has an advantage over indirect navigation for the acquisition of spatial knowledge in a VE. Anticipating the destination of the teleport prevented disorientation after the displacement to a great extent but not completely. The time that was needed for anticipation increased if the teleport involved a rotation of the viewing direction. This research shows the potential added value of using a head-slaved navigation interface---for example, when using VE for training purposes---and provides practical guidelines for the use of teleports in VE applications.

Role of Carboplatin in the Treatment of Triple Negative Early- Stage Breast Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matias E. Valsecchi ◽  
Gerrit Kimmey ◽  
Arvinder Bir ◽  
Damian Silbermins
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Early Stage Breast Cancer

scholarly journals The Ability of Metabolomics to Discriminate Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Subtypes Depends on the Stage of the Disease and the Type of Material Studied

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3314
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kowalczyk ◽  
Joanna Kisluk ◽  
Karolina Pietrowska ◽  
Joanna Godzien ◽  
Miroslaw Kozlowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Nsclc Patients

Identification of the NSCLC subtype at an early stage is still quite sophisticated. Metabolomics analysis of tissue and plasma of NSCLC patients may indicate new, and yet unknown, metabolic pathways active in the NSCLC. Our research characterized the metabolomics profile of tissue and plasma of patients with early and advanced NSCLC stage. Samples were subjected to thorough metabolomics analyses using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique. Tissue and/or plasma samples from 137 NSCLC patients were analyzed. Based on the early stage tissue analysis, more than 200 metabolites differentiating adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC) subtypes as well as normal tissue, were identified. Most of the identified metabolites were amino acids, fatty acids, carnitines, lysoglycerophospholipids, sphingomyelins, plasmalogens and glycerophospholipids. Moreover, metabolites related to N-acyl ethanolamine (NAE) biosynthesis, namely glycerophospho (N-acyl) ethanolamines (GP-NAE), which discriminated early-stage SCC from ADC, have also been identified. On the other hand, the analysis of plasma of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and NSCLC patients allowed exclusion of the metabolites related to the inflammatory state in lungs and the identification of compounds (lysoglycerophospholipids, glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelins) truly characteristic to cancer. Our results, among already known, showed novel, thus far not described, metabolites discriminating NSCLC subtypes, especially in the early stage of cancer. Moreover, the presented results also indicated the activity of new metabolic pathways in NSCLC. Further investigations on the role of NAE biosynthesis pathways in the early stage of NSCLC may reveal new prognostic and diagnostic targets.

scholarly journals EBF1 is expressed in pericytes and contributes to pericyte cell commitment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Pagani ◽  
Elisa Tratta ◽  
Patrizia Dell’Era ◽  
Manuela Cominelli ◽  
Pietro Luigi Poliani
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Cell Maturation ◽  
Cell Commitment

AbstractEarly B-cell factor-1 (EBF1) is a transcription factor with an important role in cell lineage specification and commitment during the early stage of cell maturation. Originally described during B-cell maturation, EBF1 was subsequently identified as a crucial molecule for proper cell fate commitment of mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes, osteoblasts and muscle cells. In vessels, EBF1 expression and function have never been documented. Our data indicate that EBF1 is highly expressed in peri-endothelial cells in both tumor vessels and in physiological conditions. Immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis suggest that EBF1-expressing peri-endothelial cells represent bona fide pericytes and selectively express well-recognized markers employed in the identification of the pericyte phenotype (SMA, PDGFRβ, CD146, NG2). This observation was also confirmed in vitro in human placenta-derived pericytes and in human brain vascular pericytes (HBVP). Of note, in accord with the key role of EBF1 in the cell lineage commitment of mesenchymal stem cells, EBF1-silenced HBVP cells showed a significant reduction in PDGFRβ and CD146, but not CD90, a marker mostly associated with a prominent mesenchymal phenotype. Moreover, the expression levels of VEGF, angiopoietin-1, NG2 and TGF-β, cytokines produced by pericytes during angiogenesis and linked to their differentiation and activation, were also significantly reduced. Overall, the data suggest a functional role of EBF1 in the cell fate commitment toward the pericyte phenotype.

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