The Biasing Effects of Product Familiarity on Consumers' Awareness of Hazard

1984 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra S. Godfrey ◽  
Kenneth R. Laughery
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Familiarity Effect ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Biasing Effects ◽  
Product Familiarity ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Although toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and its connection to tampon use has been highly publicized, the extent of the average consumer's knowledge of the specific hazards involved is questionable. Women become familiar with this product and therefore may underrate its hazards and fail to notice warnings. A survey was conducted to determine women's awareness of the hazards of tampon use, their awareness of warnings about TSS, and their knowledge of the symptoms of TSS. They were not so likely to notice warnings on or in the tampon packages when they switched products as they were earlier. They were not well informed as to the symptoms of TSS, and many did not know that more absorbent tampons are more hazardous. The relationship of these results to the familiarity effect is discussed. Also, implementation by manufacturers of effective warnings on these products in order to enable women to use them safely is discussed and recommended.

scholarly journals Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Review of Clinical Presentation, Hypothetical Pathogenesis, and Proposed Management

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha A. Nakra ◽  
Dean A. Blumberg ◽  
Angel Herrera-Guerra ◽  
Satyan Lakshminrusimha
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Epidemiologic Evidence ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may result in the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). The clinical presentation of MIS-C includes fever, severe illness, and the involvement of two or more organ systems, in combination with laboratory evidence of inflammation and laboratory or epidemiologic evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some features of MIS-C resemble Kawasaki Disease, toxic shock syndrome, and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome. The relationship of MIS-C to SARS-CoV-2 infection suggests that the pathogenesis involves post-infectious immune dysregulation. Patients with MIS-C should ideally be managed in a pediatric intensive care environment since rapid clinical deterioration may occur. Specific immunomodulatory therapy depends on the clinical presentation. The relationship between the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in development and MIS-C requires further study.

Introduction

Toxic Shock ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Sharra L. Vostral
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Social History ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Federal Policy ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Toxic Shock: A Social History is a multifaceted exploration of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and its relationship to tampon technology. The politics of this illness, the legacy of tampon labeling, and how to warn women about the risk of TSS have ramifications for all contemporary tampon users. The history of the relationship between Staphylococcus aureus to tampons, and the consequence of TSS is presented through the distinct lenses of (1) technology and bacterium; (2) medicine and epidemiology; (3) communication and journalism; (4) law and litigation; and (5) policy and politics. Health practitioners, corporate scientists, federal policy makers, and feminist political advocates shaped and defined the terms of the emergent illness. They both articulated and challenged notions of risk, the results of which changed the conceptualization of tampons from benign to dangerous, affecting all tampon users.

scholarly journals Kawasaki disease shock syndrome or toxic shock syndrome in children and the relationship with COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 109986
Author(s):  
Michal Pruc ◽  
Jacek Smereka ◽  
Tomasz Dzieciatkowski ◽  
Milosz Jaguszewski ◽  
Krzysztof J. Filipiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
The Relationship

Attitudes toward Aids, Herpes II, and Toxic Shock Syndrome: Two Years Later

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 883-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Simkins ◽  
Aleen Kushner
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship

Within the past two years there has been a significant increase in the number of reported cases of AIDS. There has also been a corresponding increase in attention in the media specifically to AIDS and more generally to sexually transmitted diseases and other health-related issues. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if there have now been any corresponding changes in attitudes toward diseases such as AIDS, Herpes II, and toxic shock syndrome and if any of these diseases has affected sexual activity. We were also interested in determining the relationship between homophobia and the extent of concern about these diseases. Our results suggest little change either in attitudes or in sexual behavior for the majority of our respondents. Men, particularly homosexuals, continue to be the most concerned about AIDS. Such concern affected the sexual activity of homosexual men more than that of heterosexual men and women. A low but significant correlation between homophobic attitudes and concern about AIDS and herpes was obtained. Women continue to have more concern about toxic shock syndrome than either AIDS or herpes.

scholarly journals Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with COVID-19: A Review with an Emphasis on Mucocutaneous and Kawasaki Disease-Like Findings

Dermatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Angelo Valerio Marzano ◽  
Nicoletta Cassano ◽  
Chiara Moltrasio ◽  
Lucio Verdoni ◽  
Giovanni Genovese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

<b><i>Background:</i></b> COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects children with less severe symptoms than adults. However, severe COVID-19 paediatric cases are increasingly reported, including patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) or a multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) that can present with features resembling KD. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> MIS-C is an emerging severe paediatric syndrome associated with COVID-19 that can show overlapping features of KD, KD shock syndrome, and toxic shock syndrome. MIS-C might be an inflammatory disease distinct from KD resulting from an exaggerated immune response. A high prevalence of mucocutaneous manifestations – in addition to gastrointestinal and cardiovascular involvements – was found in MIS-C. The most frequent mucocutaneous findings were conjunctivitis and rash, often described as macular and/or papular or polymorphous. In this article, we present a brief overview of MIS-C with an emphasis on mucocutaneous findings and the relationship with KD.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

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