Brainwaves Oscillations as a Potential Biomarker for Major Depression Disorder Risk

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multidimensional disorder that is characterized by the presence of alterations in mood, cognitive capacity, sensorimotor, and homeostatic functions. Given that about half of the patients diagnosed with MDD do not respond to the various current treatments, new techniques are being sought to predict not only the course of the disease but also the characteristics that differentiate responders from non-responders. Using the electroencephalogram, a noninvasive and inexpensive tool, most studies have proposed that patients with MDD have some lateralization in brain electrical activity, with alterations in alpha and theta rhythms being observed, which would be related to dysfunctions in emotional capacity such as the absence or presence of responses to the different existing treatments. These alterations help in the identification of subjects at high risk of suffering from depression, in the differentiation into responders and nonresponders to various therapies (pharmacological, electroconvulsive therapy, and so on), as well as to establish in which period of the disease the treatment will be more effective. Although the data are still inconclusive and more research is needed, these alpha and theta neurophysiological markers could support future clinical practice when it comes to establishing an early diagnosis and treating state disorders more successfully and accurately of mood disorders.

Download Full-text

Role of Behavioral Activation and Inhibition Systems in Symptoms of Major Depression Disorder Regarding the Mediating Role of Cognitive Bias

10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.4.108 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 215-221

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Cognitive Bias ◽

Behavioral Inhibition ◽

Behavioral Activation ◽

Major Depression Disorder ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Depression Disorder

Background: This study aimed to investigate the role of the behavioral activation and inhibition systems in symptoms of major depressive disorder, considering the mediating role of cognitive bias. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational research was all the students of Ahvaz Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran during the academic year 2015-16. In total, 300 students were selected using the multistage sampling method, and finally, 279 students participated in this research. Data were collected using the Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems Scale, the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory. The collected data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis, coefficient correlation, and structural equation modeling in SPSS (version 22), Lisrel (version 8.80), and Mplus (version 6.12) software. Results: The results showed that cognitive bias mediated the influence of behavioral inhibition and activation systems on depressive disorder. Based on the findings, all of the direct and indirect effects of the model were significant. The model itself had a suitable index of fit, and cognitive bias significantly affected major depressive disorder symptoms. In the final model, the direct effect of the behavioral inhibition system was added to depression. Moreover, the indirect effect of the behavioral activation system on depression was not significant. Conclusion: The proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the result and was an essential step in recognition of the significant factors of major depressive disorder. It can be useful as a model for designing stress management programs and decreasing major depression disorder.

Download Full-text

Major depressive disorder in the general hospital: adaptation of clinical practice guidelines

General Hospital Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0163-8343(03)00009-4 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 185-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Rachel Voellinger ◽

Alexandre Berney ◽

Pierre Baumann ◽

Jean-Marie Annoni ◽

Christian Bryois ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

General Hospital ◽

Clinical Practice Guidelines ◽

Practice Guidelines ◽

Major Depressive

Download Full-text

Prospective longitudinal voxel-based morphometry study of major depressive disorder in young individuals at high familial risk

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291716000519 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (11) ◽

pp. 2351-2361 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

T. Nickson ◽

S. W. Y. Chan ◽

M. Papmeyer ◽

L. Romaniuk ◽

A. Macdonald ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

High Risk ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Mood Disorder ◽

Childhood Trauma ◽

Familial Risk ◽

Voxel Based Morphometry ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

BackgroundPrevious neuroimaging studies indicate abnormalities in cortico-limbic circuitry in mood disorder. Here we employ prospective longitudinal voxel-based morphometry to examine the trajectory of these abnormalities during early stages of illness development.MethodUnaffected individuals (16–25 years) at high and low familial risk of mood disorder underwent structural brain imaging on two occasions 2 years apart. Further clinical assessment was conducted 2 years after the second scan (time 3). Clinical outcome data at time 3 was used to categorize individuals: (i) healthy controls (‘low risk’, n = 48); (ii) high-risk individuals who remained well (HR well, n = 53); and (iii) high-risk individuals who developed a major depressive disorder (HR MDD, n = 30). Groups were compared using longitudinal voxel-based morphometry. We also examined whether progress to illness was associated with changes in other potential risk markers (personality traits, symptoms scores and baseline measures of childhood trauma), and whether any changes in brain structure could be indexed using these measures.ResultsSignificant decreases in right amygdala grey matter were found in HR MDD v. controls (p = 0.001) and v. HR well (p = 0.005). This structural change was not related to measures of childhood trauma, symptom severity or measures of sub-diagnostic anxiety, neuroticism or extraversion, although cross-sectionally these measures significantly differentiated the groups at baseline.ConclusionsThese longitudinal findings implicate structural amygdala changes in the neurobiology of mood disorder. They also provide a potential biomarker for risk stratification capturing additional information beyond clinically ascertained measures.

Download Full-text

Plasma Nervonic Acid Is a Potential Biomarker for Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot Study

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1093/ijnp/pyx089 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 207-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Yuki Kageyama ◽

Takaoki Kasahara ◽

Takemichi Nakamura ◽

Kotaro Hattori ◽

Yasuhiko Deguchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Nervonic Acid ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Potential Biomarker

Download Full-text

Clinical Practice Guideline Major Depressive Disorder for General Practitioners

Value in Health ◽

10.1016/j.jval.2013.08.2091 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. A695

Author(s):

T. Kongsuk

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

General Practitioners ◽

Clinical Practice Guideline ◽

Practice Guideline ◽

Major Depressive

Download Full-text

Effect of agomelatine treatment on C-reactive protein levels in patients with major depressive disorder: an exploratory study in “real-world,” everyday clinical practice

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852916000572 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 342-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Domenico De Berardis ◽

Michele Fornaro ◽

Laura Orsolini ◽

Felice Iasevoli ◽

Carmine Tomasetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Real World ◽

Level Variation ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Everyday Clinical Practice ◽

Reactive Protein

ObjectiveAgomelatine is a newer antidepressant but, to date, no studies have been carried out investigating its effects on C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in major depressive disorder (MDD) before and after treatment. The present study aimed (i) to investigate the effects of agomelatine treatment on CRP levels in a sample of patients with MDD and (ii) to investigate if CRP variations were correlated with clinical improvement in such patients.Methods30 adult outpatients (12 males, 18 females) with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) diagnosis of MDD were recruited in “real-world,” everyday clinical practice and treated with a flexible dose of agomelatine for 12 weeks. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) were used to evaluate depressive symptoms and anhedonia, respectively. Moreover, serum CRP was measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment.ResultsAgomelatine was effective in the treatment of MDD, with a significant reduction in HAM-D and SHAPS scores from baseline to endpoint. CRP levels were reduced in the whole sample, with remitters showing a significant difference in CRP levels after 12 weeks of agomelatine. A multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis showed that higher CRP level variation was associated with higher baseline HAM-D scores, controlling for age, gender, smoking, BMI, and agomelatine dose.ConclusionsAgomelatine’s antidepressant properties were associated with a reduction in circulating CRP levels in MDD patients who achieved remission after 12 weeks of treatment. Moreover, more prominent CRP level variation was associated with more severe depressive symptoms at baseline.

Download Full-text

Treatment of Unipolar, Non-Psychotic Major Depressive Disorder with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Results from a Retrospective Evaluation of Measured Outcomes during Routine Clinical Practice

Brain Stimulation ◽

10.1016/j.brs.2014.07.003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. e17

Author(s):

Kimberly Cress

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Routine Clinical Practice ◽

Retrospective Evaluation ◽

Major Depressive

Download Full-text

Transitory restless arms syndrome in a patient with antipsychotics and antidepressants: a case report

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03433-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Juan Chen ◽

Na Meng ◽

Bingrong Cao ◽

Yinghua Ye ◽

Ying Ou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Case Report ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Case Presentation ◽

First Choice ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Sustained Release Tablets ◽

Medication Adjustment

Abstract Background Restless arms syndrome (RAS) is characterized by uncomfortable aching or burning sensations in the arms. RAS is regarded as an upper limb variant of restless legs syndrome (RLS). The lack of specific diagnostic criteria makes it difficult to recognize the RAS. Therefore, RAS is usually neglected in clinical practice. Moreover, when a patient was diagnosed with RAS, the adjustment of medications was the first choice for doctors, which may make the patient’s condition unstable. Case presentation A 33-year-old woman was diagnosed with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. Starting with 0.6 g/d amisulpride, 0.1 g/d quetiapine, 75 mg/d venlafaxine sustained-release tablets, the patient reported symptoms of RAS (itching arms) on the fourth day since the latest hospitalization. After ruling out other factors, her RAS was suspected to be induced by antidepressants or antipsychotics. Without medication adjustment, RAS spontaneously remitted. Conclusions This case suggests that psychiatrists should pay attention to RAS when using antipsychotics and/or antidepressants. Moreover, RAS may be transitory. When a patient manifests RAS, observation may be one choice instead of an immediate medication adjustment.

Download Full-text

Mirtazapine use may increase the risk of hypothyroxinemia in patients affected by major depressive disorder

10.22541/au.161170044.48225769/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ying Zhao ◽

Na Wang ◽

Shi Wu Wen ◽

Mingcan Li ◽

Yuan Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Mood Stabilizers ◽

Confounding Factors ◽

Free T4 ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Central Hypothyroidism ◽

Medical University ◽

Depression Disorder

Background Hypothyroxinemia, i.e. Low free T4 with normal TSH level, which overlaps, to a great extent, with the laboratory criteria of central hypothyroidism, could be easily neglected, if attention is paid only to patients with elevated TSH. We aimed to assess the association between mirtazapine use and hypothyroxinemia in patients affected by major depressive disorder. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University between January 2016 and December 2018. Patients affected by major depression disorder and admitted to the hospital for treatment during the study period and had thyroid tests at admission and after treatment were included. Patients with abnormal thyroid function at baseline or received mood stabilizers or quetiapine during hospitalization were excluded. Mirtazapine use was the exposure measure, and hypothyroxinemia was as the primary outcome of this study. Log-binomial model was used to estimate the association between mirtazapine use and hypothyroxinemia, after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results A total of 220 eligible patients were included in the final analysis. Of them, 88 used mirtazapine. The incidence of hypothyroxinemia in patients who used mirtazapine was higher (37.5%) than those patients who did not use (19.7%). The relative risk of developing hypothyroxinemia was 1.64 (95% confidence interval: 1.31-1.78) for mirtazapine use, after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion Mirtazapine use was associated with the risk of developing hypothyroxinemia. Clinicians should be aware that hypothyroxinemia may be neglected in patients treated by mirtazapine due to attention paid only to those with elevated TSH.

Download Full-text