Flying Off the Handle: Affective Influences on Decision Making and Action Tendencies in Real-World Aircraft Maintenance Engineering Scenarios

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjum Naweed ◽  
Kate Kingshott
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Affect Regulation ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Aircraft Maintenance ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making ◽  
Affective Influences ◽  
Action Tendencies ◽  
Maintenance Engineering

While not as glamorous as flying, aircraft maintenance is a fundamental of aviation safety, and improper or inadequate maintenance can have far reaching consequences. With this in mind, and considering the paucity of substantive research in aircraft maintenance engineering, this study investigated how affect influenced decision making and action tendency in real-world challenging maintenance engineering scenarios in general aviation (GA). A study was undertaken combining a naturalistic decision making (NDM) technique with the Appraisal Tendency Framework (ATF) to analyze 10 different scenarios collected from aircraft maintenance engineers. A total of 11 contextual factors were elicited from which seven specific emotions emerged: anger, frustration, pride, hope, guilt, fear, and contempt. In most instances, the emotion was found to be incidental, meaning that the feelings at the time of the decision were not normatively relevant for deciding. Anger and contempt created action tendencies for risk taking, while feelings of pride were found to have a protective effect. The findings suggest that affect regulation is an inherent part of the system, such that affect dysregulation may represent a potential contributing factor for negative outcomes arising from action tendencies associated with other complex system influences. Future research directions are given.

Experimental Designs in the Study of Offender Decision Making

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Bouffard ◽  
Nicole Niebuhr
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Setting ◽  
Individual Level

Research on offender decision making has utilized experimental designs and has often coupled these strong designs with the use of hypothetical vignettes that describe specific offending circumstances for the would-be offender to consider. In some cases, these studies have experimentally manipulated situational elements of the imagined setting. In others, researchers have experimentally manipulated the context in which the participants make the decision. Other researchers have utilized randomized designs with behavioral analogues within the research setting. This research has found that various situational and individual-level factors influence the content and process of offender decision making in important ways. Future research should further explore how offenders form risk perceptions and how these influences may interact with one another, and it should continue to refine these methods to more closely approximate real-world settings.

Review of Aviation Safety Databases to Identify Information Discrepancies Experienced on the Flight Deck

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Deborah S. Carstens ◽  
Warren P. Pittorie ◽  
Meredith B. Carroll ◽  
Paige L. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Airline Pilots ◽  
Limited Knowledge ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Flight Deck ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract. Aeronautical decision-making on the flight deck requires pilots to reconcile and make decisions using information from a range of different sources, sometimes with limited knowledge of associated levels of accuracy, integrity, and reliability. A review of four aviation safety databases identified information discrepancies experienced by general aviation and airline pilots. The analysis captured current trends in (a) the information discrepancies that pilots experience on the flight deck, (b) how pilots are responding, and (c) what are the resulting performance and safety impacts. Research implications and future research suggestions are also discussed.

Base-rate respect meets affect neglect

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-286
Author(s):  
Paul Whitney ◽  
John M. Hinson ◽  
Allison L. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Base Rate ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Emotional Processes ◽  
Base Rate Neglect ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Affective Influences

AbstractWhile improving the theoretical account of base-rate neglect, Barbey & Sloman's (B&S's) target article suffers from affect neglect by failing to consider the fundamental role of emotional processes in “real world” decisions. We illustrate how affective influences are fundamental to decision making, and discuss how the dual process model can be a useful framework for understanding hot and cold cognition in reasoning.

scholarly journals Naturalistic Decision Making and Organizations: Reviewing Pragmatic Science

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 925-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Gore ◽  
Adrian Banks ◽  
Lynne Millward ◽  
Olivia Kyriakidou
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Decision Making ◽  
Research Paradigms ◽  
Pragmatic Research ◽  
Similarities And Differences

This article examines the similarities and differences between the traditions of naturalistic decision making and organizational decision making. Illustrative examples of successful NDM inquiry in healthcare organizations are reviewed, highlighting an area where these two pragmatic research paradigms overlap. Not only do researchers in these areas aim to improve our understanding of decision making, they provide practical and realistic alternatives to laboratory-based research on decision making. The article presents a number of propositions for future research on NDM and organizations.

scholarly journals Exploring Police Use of Force Decision-Making Processes and Impairments Using a Naturalistic Decision-Making Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1782-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Hine ◽  
Louise E. Porter ◽  
Nina J. Westera ◽  
Geoffrey P. Alpert ◽  
Andrea Allen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making ◽  
Police Use Of Force ◽  
Know How ◽  
Police Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Way

As part of their duties, police regularly engage with citizens, which can result in the use of force. While we know how often and under what circumstances officers use force, little is known about officers’ decision-making processes that lead to force. The study took a naturalistic decision-making approach to analyze debrief sessions between 91 recruits and their trainers after partaking in a use-of-force assessment scenario. Results show recruit’s decision making was more aligned with an intuitive style rather than an analytical style. Recruits reported experiencing perceptual, cognitive, and physiological impairments that influenced the way they assessed the situation and affected their ability to successfully execute force techniques. The findings provide valuable insights into the theoretical knowledge around police decision making and how officers are making use-of-force decisions in the field. This has real-world implications for training/education and could help reduce the effects of decision-making impairments.

scholarly journals MAKING THE GO, NO-GO DECISION BASED ON NON-TRADITIONAL WEATHER PLANNING INFORMATION: THE CHALLENGE OF MEASURING THE IMPACTS OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES ON PILOT’S WEATHER RELATED DECISION MAKING IN GENERAL AVIATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
J. Bryan Burrows-McElwain ◽  
I.K. Dabipi ◽  
Chris Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
Test Population ◽  
Psychology Course

This paper explores contemporary issues regarding the challenges of quantifying improved decision making and situational awareness as it is applied to emerging tools in aviation weather information dissemination. The authors explore the phenomena of increased/improved pilot decision making due to additional visual representation of visual weather data. General concepts such as past and present flight planning tools and procedures are discussed. Additionally, the authors explore the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) Alaskan Weather Camera program as a potential case study for future exploration of these concepts. A pilot survey tool was created and administered to a small test population as a part of an undergraduate Aviation Psychology course assignment. Preliminary findings and suggestions for future research are presented.

scholarly journals What Cognitive Mechanism, When, Where, and Why? Exploring the Decision Making of University and Professional Rugby Union Players During Competitive Matches

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ashford ◽  
Andrew Abraham ◽  
Jamie Poolton
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Perception And Action ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
The Individual

Over the past 50 years decision making research in team invasion sport has been dominated by three research perspectives, information processing, ecological dynamics, and naturalistic decision making. Recently, attempts have been made to integrate perspectives, as conceptual similarities demonstrate the decision making process as an interaction between a players perception of game information and the individual and collective capability to act on it. Despite this, no common ground has been found regarding what connects perception and action during performance. The differences between perspectives rest on the role of stored mental representations, that may, or may not facilitate the retrieval of appropriate responses in time pressured competitive environments. Additionally, in team invasion sports like rugby union, the time available to players to perceive, access memory and act, alters rapidly between specific game situations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine theoretical differences and the mechanisms that underpin them, through the vehicle of rugby union. Sixteen semi-elite rugby union players took part in two post-game procedures to explore the following research objectives; (i) to consider how game situations influence players perception of information; (ii) to consider how game situations influence the application of cognitive mechanisms whilst making decisions; and (iii) to identify the influence of tactics and/or strategy on player decision making. Deductive content analysis and elementary units of meaning derived from self-confrontation elicitation interviews indicate that specific game situations such as; the lineout, scrum or open phases of play or the tackle situation in attack or defence all provide players with varying complexity of perceptual information, formed through game information and time available to make decisions. As time increased, players were more likely to engage with task-specific declarative knowledge-of the game, stored as mental representations. As time diminished, players tended to diagnose and update their knowledge-in the game in a rapid fashion. Occasionally, when players described having no time, they verbalised reacting on instinct through a direct connection between perception and action. From these findings, clear practical implications and directions for future research and dissemination are discussed.

A Framework for Understanding the Open Source Revolution

2009 ◽  
pp. 439-454
Author(s):  
Jeff Elpern ◽  
Sergiu Dascalu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Real World ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Hierarchical Decision Making ◽  
Hierarchical Decision

Traditional software engineering methodologies have mostly evolved from the environment of proprietary, large-scale software systems. Here, software design principles operate within a hierarchical decision- making context. Development of banking, enterprise resource and complex weapons systems all fit this paradigm. However, another paradigm for developing software-intensive systems has emerged, the paradigm of open source software. Although from a traditional perspective open source projects might look like chaos, their real-world results have been spectacular. This chapter presents open source software development as a fundamentally new paradigm driven by economics and facilitated by new processes. The new paradigm’s revolutionary aspects are explored, a framework for describing the massive impact brought about by the new paradigm is proposed, and directions of future research are outlined. The proposed framework’s goals are to help the understanding of the open source paradigm as a new economic revolution and stimulate research in designing open source software.

Evidence of Biased Decision-Making in Betting Markets

2013 ◽  
pp. 486-517
Author(s):  
David McDonald ◽  
Ming-Chien Sung ◽  
Johnnie Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Dynamic Information ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making ◽  
Significant Potential ◽  
Information Sets ◽  
Betting Markets ◽  
Systematic Biases ◽  
Decision Making Behavior ◽  
Decision Environments

Betting markets constitute naturalistic decision-making environments, which offer great potential for helping to understand individuals’ decision-making behavior. These markets feature many of the aspects of real-world decision environments. In particular, they are associated with rich, dynamic information sets, offer strong incentives to participants for success, require the commitment of the individual’s own resources, and involve repeated trials offering significant potential for learning. This chapter provides a survey of previous studies that have employed betting markets of various kinds to investigate decisions made by bettors, with particular reference to systematic biases that were first identified in the laboratory.

scholarly journals Influence of Graphical Metars on Pilots' Weather Judgment

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T Coyne ◽  
Kara A. Latorella ◽  
Carryl L. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
New Model ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Decision Making Models

VFR flight into IMC conditions accounts for over 10% of general aviation fatalities each year. Recent research suggests that pilots may not properly assess weather conditions. New graphical weather information systems (GWISs) may positively or negatively influence pilot weather-related judgments. Since GWIS information is not always current it may not be veridical. In the current investigation twenty-four GA pilots made visibility and ceiling estimates of simulated weather conditions either with or without a GWIS display. Pilots generally overestimated weather conditions and their judgments were influenced by the GWIS. The results revealed an interaction between ceiling and visibility that suggests a new model for understanding VFR flight into IMC. The current results suggest an important area for future research into understanding pilots' decisions to continue into deteriorating weather conditions. Results are discussed in terms of advancing aviation decision making models for understanding VFR into IMC flight, and the design of GWIS symbology to foster accurate assessments.

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