scholarly journals Influence of Graphical Metars on Pilots' Weather Judgment

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T Coyne ◽  
Kara A. Latorella ◽  
Carryl L. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
New Model ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Decision Making Models

VFR flight into IMC conditions accounts for over 10% of general aviation fatalities each year. Recent research suggests that pilots may not properly assess weather conditions. New graphical weather information systems (GWISs) may positively or negatively influence pilot weather-related judgments. Since GWIS information is not always current it may not be veridical. In the current investigation twenty-four GA pilots made visibility and ceiling estimates of simulated weather conditions either with or without a GWIS display. Pilots generally overestimated weather conditions and their judgments were influenced by the GWIS. The results revealed an interaction between ceiling and visibility that suggests a new model for understanding VFR flight into IMC. The current results suggest an important area for future research into understanding pilots' decisions to continue into deteriorating weather conditions. Results are discussed in terms of advancing aviation decision making models for understanding VFR into IMC flight, and the design of GWIS symbology to foster accurate assessments.

Weatherwise: Evaluation of a Cue-Based Training Approach for the Recognition of Deteriorating Weather Conditions during Flight

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Wiggins ◽  
David O'Hare
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Training System ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Computer Based Training ◽  
Computer Based

Inappropriate and ineffective weather-related decision making continues to account for a significant proportion of general aviation fatalities in the United States and elsewhere. This study details the evaluation of a computer-based training system that was developed to provide visual pilots with the skills necessary to recognize and respond to the cues associated with deteriorating weather conditions during flight. A total of 66 pilots were assigned to one of two groups, and the evaluation process was undertaken at both a self-report and performance level. At the self-report level, the results suggested that pilots were more likely to use the cues following exposure to the training program. From a performance perspective, there is evidence to suggest that cue-based training can improve the timeliness of weather-related decision making during visual flight rules flight. Actual or potential applications of this research include the development of computer-based training systems for fault diagnosis in complex industrial environments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of possibilities for the climatic distribution of regions from the point of view of road construction

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Juknevičiūtė-Žilinskienė ◽  
Alfredas Laurinavičius
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
The World ◽  
Pavement Structure

Seeking to reduce a negative impact of unfavourable weather conditions on road traffic, many countries introduce modern technologies allowing to objectively assessing meteorological conditions of roads. The world over, data from the automated meteorological stations of Road Weather Information System have been long ago used on a significantly larger scale than only for the organization of road maintenance works. International experience of introducing Road Traffic Information Systems in European Union and other countries of the world shows that Road Weather Information Systems give good results for increasing road safety, improving the level of road user information and solving the road construction issues. Road Weather Information System is a system of technologies and decision-making using historical and real-time data of roads and weather conditions. The collected and processed multi-year data from meteorological stations is a great assistance in designing or reconstructing road pavement structures. Road pavement structure is highly affected by a negative air temperature and frozen ground. The impact of negative temperature is expressed by the thickness of frost blanket course. The thickness of frost blanket course depends on a frost susceptibility of soil. To determine the thickness of frost blanket course it is necessary to assess the frost impact, therefore it was up to the purpose − climatic distribution of regions the territory of Lithuania according to the distribution of frost impact and the depth of frozen ground. Based on climatic maps compiled, a correction of the thickness of road pavement structure was suggested.

scholarly journals A Geostatistical Investigation into the Effective Spatiotemporal Coverage of Road Weather Information Systems in Alberta, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Lian Gu ◽  
Tae J. Kwon ◽  
Tony Z. Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Geostatistical Approach ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Winter Road ◽  
Winter Road Maintenance

Inclement weather acutely affects road surface and driving conditions and can negatively impact traffic mobility and safety. Highway authorities have long been using road weather information systems (RWISs) to mitigate the risk of adverse weather on traffic. The data gathered, processed, and disseminated by such systems can improve both the safety of the traveling public as well as the effectiveness of winter road maintenance operations. As the road authorities continue to invest in expanding their existing RWIS networks, there is a growing need to determine the optimal deployment strategies for RWISs. To meet such demand, this study presents an innovative geostatistical approach to quantitatively analyze the spatiotemporal variations of the road weather and surface conditions. With help of constructed semivariograms, this study quantifies and examines both the spatial and temporal coverage of RWIS data. A case study of Alberta, which is one of the leaders in Canada in the use of RWISs, was conducted to indicate the reliability and applicability of the method proposed herein. The findings of this research offer insight for constructing a detailed spatiotemporal RWIS database to manage and deploy different types of RWISs, optimize winter road maintenance resources, and provide timely information on inclement road weather conditions for the traveling public.

Relating Flight Experience and Pilots' Perceptions of Decision-Making Skill

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Goh ◽  
Douglas A. Wiegmann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Flight Path ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Flight Experience ◽  
Underlying Causes

Relationships between flight experience and pilots' perceptions of their ability to perform various aspects of the decision-making process were examined in the present study. Pilots were asked to rate how good they were, compared to the average General Aviation pilot, at monitoring, recognizing, diagnosing, generating solutions and implementing solutions when encountering flight path deviations, changes in weather conditions, mechanical malfunctions and conflicting traffic. Numerous measures of flight experience were collected. Results indicate that more experienced pilots felt that they were better at recognizing problems and implementing solutions, however, they did not necessarily feel more confident in their abilities to diagnosis the underlying causes of the problems. The results have implications for aeronautical decision making theories in general, and the design of flight training curricula in particular.

Review of Aviation Safety Databases to Identify Information Discrepancies Experienced on the Flight Deck

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Deborah S. Carstens ◽  
Warren P. Pittorie ◽  
Meredith B. Carroll ◽  
Paige L. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Airline Pilots ◽  
Limited Knowledge ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Flight Deck ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract. Aeronautical decision-making on the flight deck requires pilots to reconcile and make decisions using information from a range of different sources, sometimes with limited knowledge of associated levels of accuracy, integrity, and reliability. A review of four aviation safety databases identified information discrepancies experienced by general aviation and airline pilots. The analysis captured current trends in (a) the information discrepancies that pilots experience on the flight deck, (b) how pilots are responding, and (c) what are the resulting performance and safety impacts. Research implications and future research suggestions are also discussed.

scholarly journals Optimization-based decision-making models for disaster recovery and reconstruction planning of transportation networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Milad Zamanifar ◽  
Timo Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Disaster Recovery ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Transportation Networks ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Problem Structuring ◽  
Decision Making Models

Abstract The purpose of this study is to analyze optimization-based decision-making models for the problem of Disaster Recovery Planning of Transportation Networks (DRPTN). In the past three decades, seminal optimization problems have been structured and solved for the critical and sensitive problem of DRPTN. The extent of our knowledge on the practicality of the methods and performance of results is however limited. To evaluate the applicability of those context-sensitive models in real-world situations, there is a need to examine the conceptual and technical structure behind the existing body of work. To this end, this paper performs a systematic search targeting DRPTN publications. Thereafter, we review the identified literature based on the four phases of the optimization-based decision-making modeling process as problem definition, problem formulation, problem-solving, and model validation. Then, through content analysis and descriptive statistics, we investigate the methodology of studies within each of these phases. Eventually, we detect and discuss four research improvement areas as [1] developing conceptual or systematic decision support in the selection of decision attributes and problem structuring, [2] integrating recovery problems with traffic management models, [3] avoiding uncertainty due to the type of solving algorithms, and [4] reducing subjectivity in the validation process of disaster recovery models. Finally, we provide suggestions as well as possible directions for future research.

Redesigning a Graphic Weather Display for Pilots

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O'Hare ◽  
Neil Stenhouse
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Graphic Display ◽  
Software Developers ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Weather Observations ◽  
Aviation Pilots

Before embarking on a flight, pilots need to acquire information about the actual and forecast weather conditions. Concerns have been raised about the traditional coded format used to provide this information. Software developers have recently provided tools for generating both plain-English and graphical versions of these coded weather observations. We show how we successfully applied a number of ergonomic display principles to improve the graphic display of weather information for general aviation pilots.

Interpretability of Aviation Weather Information Displays for General Aviation

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth L. Blickensderfer ◽  
Thomas A. Guinn ◽  
John M. Lanicci ◽  
Yolanda Ortiz ◽  
Jayde M. King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Percent Correct ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Information Displays ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Weather Observation ◽  
Aviation Weather

BACKGROUND: General Aviation (GA) pilots who encounter hazardous weather inflight have a high probability of incurring fatal accidents. To mitigate this problem, previous research investigated pilot decision making and the effects of new technology. Limited investigations have examined usability and interpretability of observation and forecast weather products available to pilots. Therefore, this study examined the interpretability of weather observation and forecast reports that GA pilots use for preflight weather planning and the impact of pilot certification level on the interpretability of these displays.METHOD: There were 204 GA pilots (Mean age = 22.50 yr; Median flight hours = 131.0) who completed a 90-item multiple choice Aviation Weather Product Test. The questions portrayed static weather displays available on the NOAA/National Weather Service Aviation Weather Center website. The questions were designed to have high cognitive fidelity in comparison with preflight weather planning tasks.RESULTS: The results revealed overall low mean interpretability scores (Mean percent correct= 59.29%, SD = 16.01%). The scores for observation products and product attributes were lower for student pilots than experienced pilots. Forecast product scores for student and private pilots did not differ, however, student pilot scores were significantly lower than instrument rated private and commercial pilots.DISCUSSION: The low interpretability scores indicate that GA pilots misinterpret weather information provided by most weather observation and forecast products. Possible contributing factors to the low product interpretation scores include poor usability and a lack of training. Future research should measure the usability of weather displays designed for pilots.Blickensderfer BL, Guinn TA, Lanicci JM, Ortiz Y, King JM, Thomas RL, DeFilippis N. Interpretability of aviation weather information displays for general aviation. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(4):318–325.

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