Vascular supply of the hindbrain: Basic longitudinal and axial angioarchitecture

2021 ◽  
pp. 159101992110630
Author(s):  
Takahiro Ota ◽  
Masaki Komiyama
Keyword(s):  
Blood Supply ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Basic Pattern ◽  
Vertebrobasilar Artery ◽  
Arterial Vascularization ◽  
Vertebrobasilar Junction ◽  
Primitive Trigeminal Artery

The basic pattern of arterial vascularization is highly conserved across vertebrates and develops under neuromeric rules. The hindbrain has an angioarchitecture that is homologous to that of the spinal cord, and the hindbrain vascular system can be analyzed at the longitudinal and axial structures. During development, there are two main longitudinal arteries: the longitudinal neural artery and primitive lateral basilovertebral anastomosis. This review discusses the basic pattern of the blood supply of the hindbrain, the development of vascularization, and the anatomical variations, with a special reference to the embryological point of view of two main longitudinal anastomoses (longitudinal neural artery and primitive lateral basilovertebral anastomosis). The formation of commonly observed variations, such as fenestration and duplication of the vertebrobasilar artery, or primitive trigeminal artery variant, can be explained by the partial persistence of the primitive lateral basilovertebral anastomosis. Understanding the pattern and the development of the blood supply of the hindbrain provides useful information of the various anomalies of the vertebrobasilar junction and cerebellar arteries.

The Blood Supply to the Canine Palmar Metacarpal Sesamoid Bones

1995 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Cake ◽  
R. A. Read
Keyword(s):  
Blood Supply ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Arterial Supply ◽  
Sesamoid Bones ◽  
Vascular Compromise

SummaryEleven canine forelimbs were examined using either gross dissection or a modified Spalteholz technique to investigate the blood supply of the palmar metacarpal sesamoid bones. In addition, the sesamoid bones, from two prepared skeletons, were examined for the presence of vascular foramina. Multiple vascular foramina were observed over the sesamoid surface. The most consistent elements of the arterial supply were proximal vessels supplying the axial and dorsal abaxial sides of the bone. In addition, palmar and distal sources often made contributions to the blood supply. Various minor or occasional sources were noted. This study demonstrates that the palmar metacarpal sesamoid bones of the dog have an abundant but highly variable vascular supply.The blood supply of the canine palmar metacarpal sesamoid bones was examined, using several methods, in order to evaluate the possible involvement of vascular compromise in sesamoid disease. It was found that the sesamoid bones have an abundant blood supply which is presumably resistant to disruption.

scholarly journals Verbena officinalis Verbenaceae (Lamiales): a new plant model system for phyllotaxis research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Zagórska-Marek ◽  
Magdalena Turzańska ◽  
Klaudia Chmiel
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Inflorescence Axis ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Lateral Organ ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Secondary Transitions

AbstractPhyllotactic diversity and developmental transitions between phyllotactic patterns are not fully understood. The plants studied so far, such as Magnolia, Torreya or Abies, are not suitable for experimental work, and the most popular model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, does not show sufficient phyllotactic variability. It has been found that in common verbena (Verbena officinalis L.), a perennial, cosmopolitan plant, phyllotaxis differs not only between growth phases in primary transitions but also along the indeterminate inflorescence axis in a series of multiple secondary transitions. The latter are no longer associated with the change in lateral organ identity, and the sequence of phyllotactic patterns is puzzling from a theoretical point of view. Data from the experiments in silico, confronted with empirical observations, suggest that secondary transitions might be triggered by the cumulative effect of fluctuations in the continuously decreasing bract primordia size. The most important finding is that the changes in the primary vascular system, associated with phyllotactic transitions, precede those taking place at the apical meristem. This raises the question of the role of the vascular system in determining primordia initiation sites, and possibly challenges the autonomy of the apex. The results of this study highlight the complex relationships between various systems that have to coordinate their growth and differentiation in the developing plant shoot. Common verbena emerges from this research as a plant that may become a new model suitable for further studies on the causes of phyllotactic transitions.

scholarly journals Vascular Supply of the Human Spiral Ganglion: Novel Three-Dimensional Analysis Using Synchrotron Phase-Contrast Imaging and Histology

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueshuang Mei ◽  
Rudolf Glueckert ◽  
Annelies Schrott-Fischer ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Hanif M. Ladak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Supply ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Helical Structure ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Temporal Bones

AbstractHuman spiral ganglion (HSG) cell bodies located in the bony cochlea depend on a rich vascular supply to maintain excitability. These neurons are targeted by cochlear implantation (CI) to treat deafness, and their viability is critical to ensure successful clinical outcomes. The blood supply of the HSG is difficult to study due to its helical structure and encasement in hard bone. The objective of this study was to present the first three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and analysis of the HSG blood supply using synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging (SR-PCI) in combination with histological analyses of archival human cochlear sections. Twenty-six human temporal bones underwent SR-PCI. Data were processed using volume-rendering software, and a representative three-dimensional (3D) model was created to allow visualization of the vascular anatomy. Histologic analysis was used to verify the segmentations. Results revealed that the HSG is supplied by radial vascular twigs which are separate from the rest of the inner ear and encased in bone. Unlike with most organs, the arteries and veins in the human cochlea do not follow the same conduits. There is a dual venous outflow and a modiolar arterial supply. This organization may explain why the HSG may endure even in cases of advanced cochlear pathology.

Posterior Petrosal Transotic Approach for Cerebellopontine Angle Hemangioblastoma: Technical Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. E269-E273
Author(s):  
Michael A Mooney ◽  
Claudio Cavallo ◽  
Evgenii Belykh ◽  
Sirin Gandhi ◽  
Justin Mascitelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Supply ◽  
Cerebellopontine Angle ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Vascular Tumors ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery ◽  
Adjuvant Radiation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Transotic Approach

Abstract BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Although posterior petrosal approaches are utilized less frequently in many practices today, they continue to provide distinct surgical advantages in carefully selected cases. Here, we report a case of a recurrent cerebellopontine angle (CPA) hemangioblastoma that had failed a prior, more conservative, surgical approach. We provide cadaveric dissections of variations of posterior petrosal approaches to illustrate the advantages of the selected approach. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 70-yr-old female presented with a growing left CPA hemangioblastoma. The lesion had undergone a prior subtotal resection from a retrosigmoid approach and subsequent adjuvant radiation treatment. The patient had worsening left facial strength, progressive balance difficulty, and absent left auditory function. Preoperative angiogram demonstrated arterial blood supply from the left anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) that was deemed unsafe for embolization due to significant arteriovenous shunting. A posterior petrosal transotic approach was performed in order to optimize the working angle to the anterior brainstem and afford the ability to occlude the vascular supply from AICA prior to surgical resection of the lesion. CONCLUSION The posterior petrosal transotic approach offers an improved surgical working angle to the anterior brainstem compared to the translabyrinthine approach. This advantage can be particularly important with vascular tumors that receive blood supply anteriorly, as in this case from AICA, and can improve the safety of the resection.

Facial Palsy Following Embolization of a Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma

2018 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 344-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kareem O. Tawfik ◽  
Jeffrey J. Harmon ◽  
Zoe Walters ◽  
Ravi Samy ◽  
Alessandro de Alarcon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Facial Palsy ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Preoperative Embolization ◽  
Potential Complication ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma

Objectives: To describe a case of the rare complication of facial palsy following preoperative embolization of a juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA). To illustrate the vascular supply to the facial nerve and as a result, highlight the etiology of the facial nerve palsy. Methods: The angiography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of a case of facial palsy following preoperative embolization of a JNA is reviewed. Results: A 13-year-old male developed left-sided facial palsy following preoperative embolization of a left-sided JNA. Evaluation of MR imaging studies and retrospective review of the angiographic data suggested errant embolization of particles into the petrosquamosal branch of the middle meningeal artery (MMA), a branch of the internal maxillary artery (IMA), through collateral vasculature. The petrosquamosal branch of the MMA is the predominant blood supply to the facial nerve in the facial canal. The facial palsy resolved since complete infarction of the nerve was likely prevented by collateral blood supply from the stylomastoid artery. Conclusions: Facial palsy is a potential complication of embolization of the IMA, a branch of the external carotid artery (ECA). This is secondary to ischemia of the facial nerve due to embolization of its vascular supply. Clinicians should be aware of this potential complication and counsel patients accordingly prior to embolization for JNA.

scholarly journals The Innervation and Vascular Supply of the Antrum

1934 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecil Strong
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Prussian Blue ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Antral Mucosa ◽  
Thermal Tests ◽  
Made In

An attempt has been made to obtain information about the condition of the pulp of teeth, immediately below the bony incision, made in the lateral antral wall in radical antrotomy, and to investigate the conditions obtaining in the vascular supply of that neighbourhood. The investigation has two parts: (1) Experimental; (2) Clinical. Experimental.—( a) Injections of specimens of the superior maxillæ were made with lipiodol, then X-rayed. These showed vascular anastomoses along the antral floor. ( b) Sections of the lateral antral wall and floor were cut and stained to show nerves and blood spaces. ( c) The external carotid artery was injected with Prussian Blue and the maxilla then removed. ( d) Transverse sections of the teeth denervated were cut and their pulps examined. Clinical.—The patients who had been submitted to operation were taken, and their teeth examined by:— ( a) Transillumination. ( b) Percussion. ( c) Thermal tests. ( d) Faradic currents. ( e) Radiography. From these investigations it appears that the teeth are denervated but not devitalized by the trauma to the lateral antral wall above their apices. Their blood-supply is still present, and probably comes through a collateral anastomosis, along the antral floor and partly through the antral mucosa.

scholarly journals Targeting Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension (BPD-PH): Potential Role of the FGF Signaling Pathway in the Development of the Pulmonary Vascular System

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1875
Author(s):  
Cho-Ming Chao ◽  
Lei Chong ◽  
Xuran Chu ◽  
Amit Shrestha ◽  
Judith Behnke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
Curative Therapy

More than 50 years after the first description of Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) by Northway, this chronic lung disease affecting many preterm infants is still poorly understood. Additonally, approximately 40% of preterm infants suffering from severe BPD also suffer from Bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary hypertension (BPD-PH), leading to a significant increase in total morbidity and mortality. Until today, there is no curative therapy for both BPD and BPD-PH available. It has become increasingly evident that growth factors are playing a central role in normal and pathologic development of the pulmonary vasculature. Thus, this review aims to summarize the recent evidence in our understanding of BPD-PH from a basic scientific point of view, focusing on the potential role of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)/FGF10 signaling pathway contributing to disease development, progression and resolution.

scholarly journals Blood supply and vascular reactivity of the spinal cord under normal and pathological conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay L. Martirosyan ◽  
Jeanne S. Feuerstein ◽  
Nicholas Theodore ◽  
Daniel D. Cavalcanti ◽  
Robert F. Spetzler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Spinal Cord Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Cord Injury

The authors present a review of spinal cord blood supply, discussing the anatomy of the vascular system and physiological aspects of blood flow regulation in normal and injured spinal cords. Unique anatomical functional properties of vessels and blood supply determine the susceptibility of the spinal cord to damage, especially ischemia. Spinal cord injury (SCI), for example, complicating thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair is associated with ischemic trauma. The rate of this devastating complication has been decreased significantly by instituting physiological methods of protection. Traumatic SCI causes complex changes in spinal cord blood flow, which are closely related to the severity of injury. Manipulating physiological parameters such as mean arterial blood pressure and intrathecal pressure may be beneficial for patients with an SCI. Studying the physiopathological processes of the spinal cord under vascular compromise remains challenging because of its central role in almost all of the body's hemodynamic and neurofunctional processes.

scholarly journals Anatomical variation in arterial supply of liver – Case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Mitesh R Dave
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Intraoperative Imaging ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Celiac Trunk ◽  
Hiatal Hernia Repair ◽  
Proper Hepatic Artery ◽  
Hepatic Arteriography ◽  
Liver Transplantations

The variations of blood supply of liver is of great importance for general surgery, particularly hepatic surgery. Blood supply of liver is significant for liver transplantations, radiological procedures, and laparoscopic method of operation and for the healing of penetrating injuries, including the space close to the hepatic area.The pattern of the normal vascular system of the liver comes from the common hepatic artery (CHA), originating from the celiac trunk. The gastroduodenal artery (GDA), right gastric artery (RGA) and proper hepatic artery (PHA) are the main branches of the CHA. After that, the division of the PHA composes the left and right hepatic branches.During a routine dissection with medical students from the Department of Anatomy, Parul institute of Medical sciences and research Vadodara, We found on one cadaver that the blood supply of the liver differed from a normal blood supply of liver.In one cadaver we found that liver is supplied by a direct branch from celiac trunk and in same cadaver liver is also supplied by proper hepatic artery. The knowledge about the variations in hepatic arterial anatomy is very important for surgical gastroenterologists and interventional radiologists for preoperative planning and intraoperative imaging during procedures like liver transplantation, cholecystectomy, gastrectomy, hiatal hernia repair, trans-arterial chemotherapy and hepatic arteriography.

scholarly journals Variations in Blood Supply from Proximal to Distal in the Ulnar Collateral Ligament of the Elbow: A Qualitative Descriptive Cadaveric Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0036
Author(s):  
Patrick S. Buckley ◽  
Elizabeth R. Morris ◽  
Colin Robbins ◽  
Bryson Kemler ◽  
Salvatore Joseph Frangiamore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Supply ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Ulnar Collateral Ligament ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Medial Epicondyle ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
India Ink

Objectives: The vascular supply of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) is unknown. Previous studies have reported varying success in return to play rates after non-operative management of partial UCL tears and suggest a varying healing capacity as possibly related to UCL injury location. The purpose of this study was to analyze the macroscopic vascular anatomy of the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow. Methods: Eighteen, fresh-frozen, male cadaveric elbows from nine donors were sharply dissected 15 cm proximal to the medial epicondyle. Sixty mL of India Ink was injected through the brachial artery of each elbow. Arms were then frozen at -10°C, radial side down in 15-20° of elbow flexion. A bandsaw was used to section the frozen elbows into 5 mm coronal or sagittal sections. Sections were cleared for visualization using the modified Spalteholz technique. Images of specimens were taken and the qualitative description of the UCL vascularity was undertaken. Results: We consistently found a dense blood supply to the proximal UCL, while the distal UCL was hypovascular. We observed a possible osseous contribution to the proximal UCL from the medial epicondyle in addition to an artery from the flexor/pronator musculature that consistently appeared to provide vascularity to the proximal UCL. The degree of vascular penetration moving from proximal to distal in the UCL ranged from 39-68% of the overall UCL length, with a 49% average length of vascular penetration of the UCL. Conclusion: Our study found a difference in the vascular supply of the ulnar collateral ligament. The proximal UCL was well vascularized, while the distal UCL was hypovascular. This difference in vascular supply may be a factor in the differential healing capacities of the UCL based on the location of injury. An improved understanding of the macroscopic vascular supply of the UCL may aid in the clinical management of partial UCL tears and suggest an indication for treatments with respect to location of UCL injuries.

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