scholarly journals Vascular Supply of the Human Spiral Ganglion: Novel Three-Dimensional Analysis Using Synchrotron Phase-Contrast Imaging and Histology

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueshuang Mei ◽  
Rudolf Glueckert ◽  
Annelies Schrott-Fischer ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Hanif M. Ladak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Supply ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Helical Structure ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Temporal Bones

AbstractHuman spiral ganglion (HSG) cell bodies located in the bony cochlea depend on a rich vascular supply to maintain excitability. These neurons are targeted by cochlear implantation (CI) to treat deafness, and their viability is critical to ensure successful clinical outcomes. The blood supply of the HSG is difficult to study due to its helical structure and encasement in hard bone. The objective of this study was to present the first three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and analysis of the HSG blood supply using synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging (SR-PCI) in combination with histological analyses of archival human cochlear sections. Twenty-six human temporal bones underwent SR-PCI. Data were processed using volume-rendering software, and a representative three-dimensional (3D) model was created to allow visualization of the vascular anatomy. Histologic analysis was used to verify the segmentations. Results revealed that the HSG is supplied by radial vascular twigs which are separate from the rest of the inner ear and encased in bone. Unlike with most organs, the arteries and veins in the human cochlea do not follow the same conduits. There is a dual venous outflow and a modiolar arterial supply. This organization may explain why the HSG may endure even in cases of advanced cochlear pathology.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional tonotopic mapping of the human cochlea based on synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Li ◽  
Luke Helpard ◽  
Jonas Ekeroot ◽  
Seyed Alireza Rohani ◽  
Ning Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Frequency Function ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Human Cochlea ◽  
Radiation Phase

AbstractThe human cochlea transforms sound waves into electrical signals in the acoustic nerve fibers with high acuity. This transformation occurs via vibrating anisotropic membranes (basilar and tectorial membranes) and frequency-specific hair cell receptors. Frequency-positions can be mapped within the cochlea to create a tonotopic chart which fits an almost-exponential function with lowest frequencies positioned apically and highest frequencies positioned at the cochlear base (Bekesy 1960, Greenwood 1961). To date, models of frequency positions have been based on a two-dimensional analysis with inaccurate representations of the cochlear hook region. In the present study, the first three-dimensional frequency analysis of the cochlea using dendritic mapping to obtain accurate tonotopic maps of the human basilar membrane/organ of Corti and the spiral ganglion was performed. A novel imaging technique, synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging, was used and a spiral ganglion frequency function was estimated by nonlinear least squares fitting a Greenwood-like function (F = A (10ax − K)) to the data. The three-dimensional tonotopic data presented herein has large implications for validating electrode position and creating customized frequency maps for cochlear implant recipients.

scholarly journals Assisted walking in Malagasy dwarf chamaeleons

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 740-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaud Boistel ◽  
Anthony Herrel ◽  
Gheylen Daghfous ◽  
Paul-Antoine Libourel ◽  
Elodie Boller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Unique Mode ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Long Tails

Chamaeleons are well known for their unique suite of morphological adaptations. Whereas most chamaeleons are arboreal and have long tails, which are used during arboreal acrobatic manoeuvres, Malagasy dwarf chamaeleons ( Brookesia ) are small terrestrial lizards with relatively short tails. Like other chamaeleons, Brookesia have grasping feet and use these to hold on to narrow substrates. However, in contrast to other chamaeleons, Brookesia place the tail on the substrate when walking on broad substrates, thus improving stability. Using three-dimensional synchrotron X-ray phase-contrast imaging, we demonstrate a set of unique specializations in the tail associated with the use of the tail during locomotion. Additionally, our imaging demonstrates specializations of the inner ear that may allow these animals to detect small accelerations typical of their slow, terrestrial mode of locomotion. These data suggest that the evolution of a terrestrial lifestyle in Brookesia has gone hand-in-hand with the evolution of a unique mode of locomotion and a suite of morphological adaptations allowing for stable locomotion on a wide array of substrates.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional Construction of Micrometer Level in Rat Stomach by Synchrotron RadiationThree-dimensional Construction of Micrometer Level in Rat Stomach by Synchrotron Radiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Tao ◽  
Chen-Chen Gao ◽  
Xue-Hong Tong ◽  
Shizhen Yuan ◽  
Tian-tian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Rat Stomach ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3 Dimensional

Abstract Objectives This article shows an imaging method of the stomach that does not use imaging agents. X-ray phase-contrast images of different stages of gastric development were taken using X-ray in-line phase-contrast imaging (XILPCI). The aim of the study was to demonstrate that XILPCI is a micron imaging method for gastric structures. Methods The stomachs of 4-, 6- and 12-week-old rats were removed and cleaned. XILPCI has 1000 times greater soft tissue contrast than that of X-ray traditional absorption radiography. The projection images of the rats’ stomachs were recorded by an XILPCI charge coupled device (CCD) at 9 μm image resolution. Results The X-ray in-line phase-contrast images of the different stages of rat gastric specimens clearly showed the gastric architectures and the details of the gastroduodenal region. 3-dimensional stomach anatomical structure images were reconstruction. Conclusion The reconstructed gastric 3D images can clearly display the internal structure of the stomach. XILPCI may be a useful method for medical research in the future. Keywords: Synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging, 3-dimensional gastric structure images

3D digital anatomic angioarchitecture of the mouse brain using synchrotron-radiation-based propagation phase-contrast imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1742-1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shupeng Shi ◽  
Haoran Zhang ◽  
Xianzhen Yin ◽  
Zhuolu Wang ◽  
Bin Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Microvascular Network ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Systematic Assessment

Thorough investigation of the three-dimensional (3D) configuration of the vasculature of mouse brain remains technologically difficult because of its complex anatomical structure. In this study, a systematic analysis is developed to visualize the 3D angioarchitecture of mouse brain at ultrahigh resolution using synchrotron-radiation-based propagation phase-contrast imaging. This method provides detailed restoration of the intricate brain microvascular network in a precise 3D manner. In addition to depicting the delicate 3D arrangements of the vascular network, 3D virtual micro-endoscopy is also innovatively performed to visualize randomly a selected vessel within the brain for both external 3D micro-imaging and endoscopic visualization of any targeted microvessels, which improves the understanding of the intrinsic properties of the mouse brain angioarchitecture. Based on these data, hierarchical visualization has been established and a systematic assessment on the 3D configuration of the mouse brain microvascular network has been achieved at high resolution which will aid in advancing the understanding of the role of vasculature in the perspective of structure and function in depth. This holds great promise for wider application in various models of neurovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Towards tender X-rays with Zernike phase-contrast imaging of biological samples at 50 nm resolution

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 790-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismo Vartiainen ◽  
Martin Warmer ◽  
Dennis Goeries ◽  
Eva Herker ◽  
Rudolph Reimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Full Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lipid Droplet Formation ◽  
Contrast Microscope ◽  
Science Application

X-ray microscopy is a commonly used method especially in material science application, where the large penetration depth of X-rays is necessary for three-dimensional structural studies of thick specimens with high-Zelements. In this paper it is shown that full-field X-ray microscopy at 6.2 keV can be utilized for imaging of biological specimens with high resolution. A full-field Zernike phase-contrast microscope based on diffractive optics is used to study lipid droplet formation in hepatoma cells. It is shown that the contrast of the images is comparable with that of electron microscopy, and even better contrast at tender X-ray energies between 2.5 keV and 4 keV is expected.

scholarly journals Micro Soft Tissues Visualization Based on X-Ray Phase-Contrast Imaging

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Shuqian Luo
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive

The current imaging methods have a limited ability to visualize microstructures of biological soft tissues. Small lesions cannot be detected at the early stage of the disease. Phase contrast imaging (PCI) is a novel non-invasive imaging technique that can provide high contrast images of soft tissues by the use of X-ray phase shift. It is a new choice in terms of non-invasively revealing soft tissue details. In this study, the lung and hepatic fibrosis models of mice and rats were used to investigate the ability of PCI in microstructures observation of soft tissues. Our results demonstrated that different liver fibrosis stages could be distinguished non-invasively by PCI. The three-dimensional morphology of a segment of blood vessel was constructed. Noteworthy, the blood clot inside the vessel was visualized in three dimensions which provided a precise description of vessel stenosis. Furthermore, the whole lung airways including the alveoli were obtained. We had specifically highlighted its use in the visualization and assessment of the alveoli. To our knowledge, this was the first time for non-invasive alveoli imaging using PCI. This finding may offer a new perspective on the diagnosis of respiratory disease. All the results confirmed that PCI will be a valuable tool in biological soft tissues imaging.

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