scholarly journals The representation of Indigenous peoples in chronic disease clinical trials in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States

2022 ◽  
pp. 174077452110691
Author(s):  
Valerie Umaefulam ◽  
Tessa Kleissen ◽  
Cheryl Barnabe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indigenous Populations

Background Indigenous peoples are overrepresented with chronic health conditions and experience suboptimal outcomes compared with non-Indigenous peoples. Genetic variations influence therapeutic responses, thus there are potential risks and harm when extrapolating evidence from the general population to Indigenous peoples. Indigenous population–specific clinical studies, and inclusion of Indigenous peoples in general population clinical trials, are perceived to be rare. Our study (1) identified and characterized Indigenous population–specific chronic disease trials and (2) identified the representation of Indigenous peoples in general population chronic disease trials conducted in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. Methods For Objective 1, publicly available clinical trial registries were searched from May 2010 to May 2020 using Indigenous population–specific terms and included for data extraction if in pre-specified chronic disease. For identified trials, we extracted Indigenous population group identity and characteristics, type of intervention, and funding type. For Objective 2, a random selection of 10% of registered clinical trials was performed and the proportion of Indigenous population participants enrolled extracted. Results In total, 170 Indigenous population–specific chronic disease trials were identified. The clinical trials were predominantly behavioral interventions (n = 95). Among general population studies, 830 studies were randomly selected. When race was reported in studies (n = 526), Indigenous individuals were enrolled in 172 studies and constituted 5.6% of the total population enrolled in those studies. Conclusion Clinical trials addressing chronic disease conditions in Indigenous populations are limited. It is crucial to ensure adequate representation of Indigenous peoples in clinical trials to ensure trial data are applicable to their clinical care.

scholarly journals Wellbeing of Indigenous Peoples in Canada, Aotearoa (New Zealand) the United States: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5832
Author(s):  
Alana Gall ◽  
Kate Anderson ◽  
Kirsten Howard ◽  
Abbey Diaz ◽  
Alexandra King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Full Text Screening

Despite the health improvements afforded to non-Indigenous peoples in Canada, Aotearoa (New Zealand) and the United States, the Indigenous peoples in these countries continue to endure disproportionately high rates of mortality and morbidity. Indigenous peoples’ concepts and understanding of health and wellbeing are holistic; however, due to their diverse social, political, cultural, environmental and economic contexts within and across countries, wellbeing is not experienced uniformly across all Indigenous populations. We aim to identify aspects of wellbeing important to the Indigenous people in Canada, Aotearoa and the United States. We searched CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO and PubMed databases for papers that included key Indigenous and wellbeing search terms from database inception to April 2020. Papers that included a focus on Indigenous adults residing in Canada, Aotearoa and the United States, and that included empirical qualitative data that described at least one aspect of wellbeing were eligible. Data were analysed using the stages of thematic development recommended by Thomas and Harden for thematic synthesis of qualitative research. Our search resulted in 2669 papers being screened for eligibility. Following full-text screening, 100 papers were deemed eligible for inclusion (Aotearoa (New Zealand) n = 16, Canada n = 43, United States n = 41). Themes varied across countries; however, identity, connection, balance and self-determination were common aspects of wellbeing. Having this broader understanding of wellbeing across these cultures can inform decisions made about public health actions and resources.

scholarly journals Graeme Morton and David A. Wilson, eds., Irish and Scottish Encounters with Indigenous Peoples: Canada, the United States, New Zealand, and Australia. Montreal & Kingston, London, Ithaca: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2013. Pp. 389. ISBN 9780773541504.

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
The United States ◽  
Queen's University

Graeme Morton and David A. Wilson, eds., Irish and Scottish Encounters with Indigenous Peoples: Canada, the United States, New Zealand, and Australia. Montreal & Kingston, London, Ithaca: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2013. Pp. 389. ISBN 9780773541504. $35.00 CAD.

scholarly journals What is the prevalence of current alcohol dependence and how is it measured for Indigenous people in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States of America? A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teagan J. Weatherall ◽  
Katherine M. Conigrave ◽  
James H. Conigrave ◽  
K. S. Kylie Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Alcohol

Abstract Background Alcohol affects Indigenous communities globally that have been colonised. These effects are physical, psychological, financial and cultural. This systematic review aims to describe the prevalence of current (12-month) alcohol dependence in Indigenous Peoples in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States of America, to identify how it is measured, and if tools have been validated in Indigenous communities. Such information can help inform estimates of likely treatment need. Methods A systematic search of the literature was completed in six electronic databases for reports on current alcohol dependence (moderate to severe alcohol use disorder) published between 1 January 1989–9 July 2020. The following data were extracted: (1) the Indigenous population studied; country, (2) prevalence of dependence, (3) tools used to screen, assess or diagnose current dependence, (4) tools that have been validated in Indigenous populations to screen, assess or diagnose dependence, and (5) quality of the study, assessed using the Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. Results A total of 11 studies met eligibility criteria. Eight were cross-sectional surveys, one cohort study, and two were validation studies. Nine studies reported on the prevalence of current (12-month) alcohol dependence, and the range varied widely (3.8–33.3% [all participants], 3–32.8% [males only], 1.3–7.6% [females only]). Eight different tools were used and none were Indigenous-specific. Two tools have been validated in Indigenous (Native American) populations. Conclusion Few studies report on prevalence of current alcohol dependence in community or household samples of Indigenous populations in these four countries. Prevalence varies according to sampling method and site (for example, specific community versus national). Prior work has generally not used tools validated in Indigenous contexts. Collaborations with local Indigenous people may help in the development of culturally appropriate ways of measuring alcohol dependence, incorporating local customs and values. Tools used need to be validated in Indigenous communities, or Indigenous-specific tools developed, validated and used. Prevalence findings can inform health promotion and treatment needs, including funding for primary health care and specialist treatment services.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Indigenous Populations in the United States and Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Bruce ◽  
Jonathan Eldredge ◽  
Yuridia Leyva ◽  
Jorge Mera ◽  
Kevin English ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
General Population ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Hcv Prevalence ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) and Canadian Indigenous people are disproportionally affected by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection yet are frequently underrepresented in epidemiologic studies and surveys often used to inform public health efforts. We performed a systematic review of published and unpublished literature and summarized our findings on HCV prevalence in these Indigenous populations. We found a disparity of epidemiologic literature of HCV prevalence among AI/AN in the United States and Indigenous people in Canada. The limited data available, which date from 1995, demonstrate a wide range of HCV prevalence in AI/AN (1.49%–67.60%) and Indigenous populations (2.28%–90.24%). The highest HCV prevalence in both countries was reported in studies that either included or specifically targeted people who inject drugs. Lower prevalence was reported in studies of general Indigenous populations, although in Canada, the lowest prevalence was up to 3-fold higher in Aboriginal people compared with general population estimates. The disparity of available data on HCV prevalence and need for consistent and enhanced HCV surveillance and reporting among Indigenous people are highlighted. HCV affects Indigenous peoples to a greater degree than the general population; thus we recommend tribal and community leaders be engaged in enhanced surveillance efforts and that funds benefitting all Indigenous persons be expanded to help prevent and cover health care expenses to help stop this epidemic.

Trusteeship Council

1950 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-662
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Standing Committee ◽  
Legislative Activities ◽  
Legislative Assembly

Following the recommendation in the report of the Committee on Administrative Unions and the subsequent resolution of the Trusteeship Council passed during its seventh session, a Standing Committee on Administrative Unions was established. It held its first meeting at Lake Success on August 18, 1950 at which time the delegate of Argentina (Munoz) was elected chairman. The other members serving on the committee were New Zealand (Laking), Philippines (Aquino) and the United States (Gerig). A resolution was passed by the committee at its second meeting requesting the Secretariat to prepare an informal paper on the terms of reierence of the committee. The report of the Secretariat, based on the resolution of the Trusteeship Council and the report of the Committee on Administrative Unions, was submitted on August 24, 1950 and recommended that the committee might wish to 1) give attention to measures taken in respect to the limitation and duration of the legislative powers of the High Commission and of the East Africa Central Legislative Assembly which would cease to have effect on January 1, 1950, 2) determine whether administering authorities would continue to furnish clear and precise separate financial, statistical and other data relating to the trust territories participating in administrative unions, 3) give attention to the judicial systems of New Guinea and the Cameroons, 4) give attention to the possibility of attaining greater participation of the indigenous population in legislative activities in New Guinea, 5) consider whether the allocation of legislative powers between the East Africa Central Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Assembly of Tanganyika would be conducive to the advancement of the trust territory and an attainment of the objectives of the trusteeship system, 6) examine the extent to which the administering authorities regarded the desires of the inhabitants in matters relating to the administrative unions, 7) examine the extent to which the administering authorities facilitated the work of visiting missions of the United Nations, and 8) study any modification of the boundaries, separate status, and identity of trust territories participating in administrative unions. The resolution of the Trusteeship Council also charged the committee with the duty of ensuring that the administering authorities expended on the administration, welfare and development no less than the total amount of revenue derived from the trust territory in a given year.

scholarly journals Virtual Care for Indigenous Populations in Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand: Protocol for a Scoping Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat Camp ◽  
Mirha Girt ◽  
Alix Wells ◽  
Adeeb Malas ◽  
Maryke Peter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Virtual Care ◽  
Full Text Screening

BACKGROUND Indigenous people in Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand experience an increased burden of chronic diseases compared to non-Indigenous people in these countries. Lack of necessary services and culturally relevant care for Indigenous people contributes to this burden. Many Indigenous communities have implemented systems, such as virtual care, to improve chronic disease management. Virtual care has extended beyond videoconferencing to include more advanced technologies, such as remote biometric monitoring devices. However, given the historical and ongoing Western intrusion into Indigenous day to day life, these technologies may seem more invasive and thus require additional research on their acceptability and utility within Indigenous populations. OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper is to present the protocol for a scoping review, which aims to map existing evidence. This study is based on the following guiding research question: What are the characteristics of virtual care use by Indigenous adult populations in Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand? The subquestions are related to the technology used, health conditions and nature of the virtual care, cultural safety, and key concepts for effective use. METHODS This scoping review protocol is informed by the methodology described by the Joanna Briggs Institute and is supplemented by the frameworks proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and Levac et al. A search for published and gray literature, written in English, and published between 2000 and present will be completed utilizing electronic databases and search engines, including MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Indigenous Peoples of North America, Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet, Informit, and Native Health Database. Search results will be uploaded to the review software, Covidence, for title and abstract screening before full-text screening begins. This process will be repeated for gray literature. Upon completion, a data abstraction tool will organize the relevant information into categorical formations. RESULTS The search strategy has been confirmed, and the screening of titles and abstracts is underway. As of October 2020, we have identified over 300 articles for full-text screening. CONCLUSIONS Previous reviews have addressed virtual care within Indigenous communities. However, new virtual care technologies have since emerged; subsequently, additional literature has been published. Mapping and synthesizing this literature will inform new directions for research and discussion. CLINICALTRIAL INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT PRR1-10.2196/21860

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