scholarly journals Communication-based behaviour support for adults with intellectual disabilities receiving dental care: A focus group study exploring dentists’ decision-making and communication

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caoimhin Mac Giolla Phadraig ◽  
Colin Griffiths ◽  
Philip McCallion ◽  
Mary McCarron ◽  
June Nunn
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Focus Group Study ◽  
Thematic Content Analysis ◽  
Education Practice ◽  
Online Focus Groups ◽  
Communicative Strategies ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Intuitive Decision Making ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

A better understanding of how communication-based behaviour supports are applied with adults with intellectual disabilities may reduce reliance on restrictive practices such as holding, sedation and anaesthesia in dentistry. In this study, we explore how communication is used by dentists who provide treatment for adults with intellectual disabilities. A descriptive qualitative study, adopting synchronous online focus groups, was undertaken with six expert dentists in Ireland. Members were contacted again in pairs or individually for further data collection, analysed using thematic content analysis. Two relevant categories emerged from the data, relating to the selection and application of communication-based behaviour support for adults with intellectual disabilities. Decision-making processes were explored. Building on these categories, a co-regulating process of communication emerged as the means by which dentists iteratively apply and adapt communicative strategies. This exploration revealed rationalist and intuitive decision-making. Implications for education, practice and research are identified.

Poor adherence to the mental capacity act and premature death

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Heslop ◽  
P. Blair ◽  
P. Fleming ◽  
M. Hoghton ◽  
A. Marriott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Mental Capacity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Resuscitation Guidelines ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Mental Capacity Act

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of the Confidential Inquiry into premature deaths of people with intellectual disabilities (CIPOLD) in relation to the Mental Capacity Act (England and Wales) (MCA) 2005. Design/methodology/approach – CIPOLD reviewed the deaths of all known people with intellectual disabilities (ID) aged four years and over who had lived in the study area and died between 2010 and 2012. Findings – The deaths of 234 people with ID aged 16 years and over were reviewed. There were two key issues regarding how the MCA was related to premature deaths of people with ID. The first was of the lack of adherence to aspects of the Act, particularly regarding assessments of capacity and best interests decision-making processes. The second was a lack of understanding of specific aspects of the Act itself, particularly the definition of “serious medical treatment” and in relation to Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation guidelines. Research limitations/implications – CIPOLD did not set out to specifically evaluate adherence to the MCA. It may be that there were other aspects relating to the MCA that were of note, but were not directly related to the deaths of individuals. Practical implications – Addressing the findings of the Confidential Inquiry in relation to the understanding of, and adherence to, the MCA requires action at national, local and individual levels. Safeguarding is everyone's responsibility, and in challenging decision-making processes that are not aligned with the MCA, the authors are just as effectively protecting people with ID as are when the authors report wilful neglect or abuse. Originality/value – CIPOLD undertook a retrospective, detailed investigation into the sequence of events leading to the deaths of people with ID. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that such research has associated a lack of adherence to the MCA to premature deaths within a safeguarding framework.

Supported Decision-Making and Personal Autonomy for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities: Article 12 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandini Devi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Equal Recognition ◽  
Conceptual Skills ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
The Right ◽  
Everyday Living

Making decisions is an important component of everyday living, and issues surrounding autonomy and self-determination are crucial for persons with intellectual disabilities. Adults with intellectual disabilities are characterized by the limitations in their intellectual functioning and in their adaptive behavior, which compromises three skill types (conceptual skills, social skills, and practical skills), and this starts before the age of 18. Though persons with intellectual disabilities are characterized by having these limitations, they are thought to face significant decisionmaking challenges due to their disability. Moving away from this generalization, Article 12 (Equal recognition before the law) of the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (herewith called “the Convention”) addresses this issue of decision-making for persons with disabilities, recognizing the right to legal capacity.

The need for a comprehensive facility decision-making process

Facilities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Carl Backus ◽  
Jakob C. Bruhl
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Facility Management ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Facilities Management ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Face ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Intuitive Decision Making ◽  
Physical Assets

Purpose The facility decision-making process (FDMP), as described in this paper, is a framework based on decades of proven effectiveness in analogous military applications. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate key factors which justify the need for the FDMP before describing the FDMP. Design/methodology/approach This paper conducts a literature review as it relates to facilities specific decision-making, puts forward a new concept for those processes and provides an abridged case study of the concept in application. Findings Facilities management is a key function for nearly every type of business or enterprise. As part of facilities management, many decisions are made about physical assets that a business or enterprise owns or maintains. Currently, there is no uniform decision-making framework, in literature or in practice, which enables consistency, robustness and scalability for facility management decisions. Such a framework would enable facility managers to effectively justify decisions related to capital and operational expenses. Practical implications The FDMP provides a robust procedure for facilities managers and engineers that enables enhanced strength in the face of business enterprise scrutiny as compared with the often-intuitive decision-making processes currently used in practice. Originality/value This novel conceptual process articulates the opportunity to provide for a comprehensive facilities decision-making process that enables better decisions especially as it relates to what are often ill-defined problem sets in facilities management.

scholarly journals “How do I get From Here to There?” An Examination of Ph.D. Science Students’ Career Preparation and Decision Making

10.28945/2280 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 237-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Thiry ◽  
Sandra L Laursen ◽  
Heidi G. Loshbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Graduate Studies ◽  
Developmental Networks ◽  
Education Practice ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Career Options

Drawing on developmental networks theory, this qualitative research study explores the professional preparation and career decision-making processes of doctoral students in the sciences. The study is based on 95 semi-structured interviews with informants at three research universities in the United States. Though many students were interested in non-academic career tracks, they were largely unaware of the breadth of their choices or how to best prepare for these careers. Unable to cultivate networks in non-academic careers, many students turned to peers to fill the career development gap. Due to their lack of knowledge about career options, among other factors, students often delayed selecting and preparing for careers until the end of their graduate studies. Implications for doctoral education practice are discussed.

Decision-Making Models of the Human-Operator as an Element of the Socio-Technical Systems

2017 ◽  
pp. 167-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Rizun ◽  
Tetiana Shmelova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transient Processes ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Analysis Theory ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Intuitive Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Models ◽  
Decision Making Behavior ◽  
Operator Behavior

The authors of the chapter proved that the fundamental intellectual processes, which lie on the basis of decision-making behavior of the human-operator, could be identified on the bases on the analogies with the devices (elements). The basic intellectual processes of the Rational decision-making models can be adequately identified by the transient processes of the PID-controller; the intellectual processes of the Bounded Rationality and Intuitive decision-making models can be identified by the transient processes of the nonlinear elements. Taxonomy of the most typical automatic control theory elements and their compliance with certain decision-making models with a point of view of decision-making processes specificity and on human-operator behavior in the context of the socio-technical concept was obtained Authors of the chapter also accept the suggestion that the instruments of collective multi-criteria decision-making and social-network analysis theory have similar mathematical and methodological bases.

Negotiation strategies and patient empowerment in Spanish and British medical consultations

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
María de la O Hernández López
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Explicit Expression ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Patient Empowerment ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Negotiation Strategies ◽  
Communicative Strategies ◽  
Medical Consultations ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Making a decision is not only one of the physician’s most important responsibilities but also one of patients’ most sensitive moments in medical encounters. Drawing from pragmatics studies, this paper explores rapport maintenance and/or enhancement (Spencer-Oatey 2000, 2008) in the decision-making strategies that General Practitioners (GPs) and patients employ in 80 encounters in various areas of England and Spain. The results show that such strategies are context-bound and subject to role specifications: while patients may make use of (dis)agreement strategies and initiate decisions and/or self-diagnosis, doctors give options, show empathy, expand explanations or show explicit or implicit (dis)agreement. In relation to this, notable findings were revealed: first, these communicative strategies may vary not only in terms of frequency but also quality and distribution; second, the Spanish interlocutors in the data gathered tend to negotiate through the explicit expression of opinions, while the British interlocutors prefer the discussion of different alternatives and value the other’s freedom to act. Third, there is higher tolerance of disagreement in the Spanish data. Fourth, negotiation may be undertaken on the basis of either self-affirmation or consensus-seeking beliefs. Finally, patient empowerment is displayed in divergent ways in both sets of data. In short, the decision-making processes examined are subject to social and psychological factors with a direct impact on communicative styles.

scholarly journals Twenty Challenges in Incident Planning

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Marios Karagiannis ◽  
Costas Synolakis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Interagency Coordination ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Intuitive Decision Making ◽  
Crisis Managers

Abstract Disasters create overwhelming demands to affected communities and pose unique problems that complicate efforts of orchestrating the response. It is in such environments of uncertainty, operational friction, time-constraints and the need for interagency coordination that disaster and crisis managers are required to develop incident plans to address multiple demands. Based on observations from 50 disaster exercises, we have identified twenty critical points in incident planning, that is, those incident planning activities which are most challenging for emergency managers, are poorly implemented or otherwise constitute an area for improvement. The most challenging components of the incident planning process were information gathering from the field, running estimates of the situation, response-generated demands, resource capabilities and mobilization time, course of action development and analysis, and decision-making under uncertainty. In addition, this study identified three good practices in incident planning. First, the process is iterative and planners revisit several steps in a back-and-forth fashion. Second, both rational and intuitive decision-making processes are likely to be used during the course of any one incident, based on the time available for planning. Third, better plans are produced when flexibility is built into courses of action to address expected developments of situation or when decision-making is decentralized.

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