scholarly journals “How do I get From Here to There?” An Examination of Ph.D. Science Students’ Career Preparation and Decision Making

10.28945/2280 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 237-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Thiry ◽  
Sandra L Laursen ◽  
Heidi G. Loshbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Graduate Studies ◽  
Developmental Networks ◽  
Education Practice ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Career Options

Drawing on developmental networks theory, this qualitative research study explores the professional preparation and career decision-making processes of doctoral students in the sciences. The study is based on 95 semi-structured interviews with informants at three research universities in the United States. Though many students were interested in non-academic career tracks, they were largely unaware of the breadth of their choices or how to best prepare for these careers. Unable to cultivate networks in non-academic careers, many students turned to peers to fill the career development gap. Due to their lack of knowledge about career options, among other factors, students often delayed selecting and preparing for careers until the end of their graduate studies. Implications for doctoral education practice are discussed.

Youth Inclusion in American and Egyptian Political Party Management

World Affairs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 181 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-238
Author(s):  
Iman Karam I. M. Ashmawy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
National Plan ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Arab Spring

The Arab Spring revealed that when the youth are marginalized, they can resort to informal political movements that may be characterized by extremism and criminality. However, when they join formal groupings, such as political parties, and are well utilized within them, they can become an active political force. This article explores the extent to which American and Egyptian political parties offer opportunities for youth inclusion in their structure and decision-making processes. By conducting semi-structured interviews with young members of the largest two Egyptian parties and the Democratic and Republican parties in the United States, the study argues that when young people develop a long-term interest in politics, they join political parties. Moreover, they are included in the party structures and decision-making processes when they are included in party activities and positions, as well as trusted, heard, and supported within the party. The existence of a national plan and political will may even encourage cross-party youth collaboration.

Career Goal Profiles of Early Career Scientists: A Person-Centered Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 089484532110172
Author(s):  
Ruth Noppeney ◽  
Anna M. Stertz ◽  
Bettina S. Wiese
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Career Goal ◽  
Transition Analysis ◽  
Flat Profile ◽  
Career Options ◽  
Person Centered Approach

Obtaining a doctorate offers various career options. This study takes a person-centered approach to identify interest profiles. Career goals (professorate, entrepreneur, etc.) were assessed at two time points (1-year interval) in a sample of doctoral students and doctorate holders from the STEM fields in German-speaking areas ( NT 1 = 2,077). Latent profile analysis revealed that a four-profile solution provided the best data fit: At T1, 33.0% of the participants aimed for a management position in industry, 16.9% pursued an academic career, 30.1% were interested in activities without leadership responsibilities, and 20.1% had a relatively flat career-goal profile. Latent transition analysis indicated that most changes occurred for those classified into the flat profile, while strong interest in a management career was very stable over time. Additionally, the attainment of the doctorate seemed to be a good predictor for profile membership: Doctorate holders were more likely to be clearly dedicated to an academic career.

scholarly journals Questioning Facilities Management in Higher Education in Egyptian Context for Better Decision-Making Process of Funding Allocation

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Mona Mohamed Abd Elghany ◽  
Reem Aly Elharakany
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Facilities Management ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Strategic Relationships

The quality of education is influenced by the managerialization of the universities, which refers to the introduction of substantial changes in the decision-making processes of the academic institutions, and the application of renewed information systems along with new managerial methodologies to restructure the organisational strategic relationships with stakeholders. This paper proposes a questionnaire to assess the importance of facilities in universities according to their financial budget consumed value. Semi Structured Interviews were conducted with the heads of logistic and financial departments in Egyptian universities, twenty public universities and twenty-three private universities, in order to identify criteria for the most significant university's facilities and appealing infrastructure that contributes to the quality of education.

Naming Crime Suspects in the News

2017 ◽  
pp. 207-225
Author(s):  
Robin Blom
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
News Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Online Search ◽  
Ethics Codes ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Crime News ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Whereas some news outlets fully identify crime suspects with name, age, address, and other personal details, other news outlets refuse to fully identify any crime suspect—or even people who have been convicted for a crime. News media from a variety of countries have accused and fully identified people of being responsible for crimes, although those persons turned out to be innocent. Yet, when someone types the names of those people in online search engines, for many, stories containing the accusations will turn up at the top of the search results. This chapter examines the positive and negative aspects from those practices by examining journalistic routines in a variety of countries, such as the United States, Nigeria, and The Netherlands. This analysis demonstrates that important ethical imperatives—often represented in ethics codes of professional journalism organizations—can be contradictory in these decision-making processes. Journalists need to weigh whether they would like to “seek truth and report it” or “minimize harm” when describing crime suspects.

scholarly journals Information and choice of residential care provider for older people: a comparative study in England, the Netherlands and Spain

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
LISA TRIGG ◽  
STEPHANIE KUMPUNEN ◽  
JACQUETTA HOLDER ◽  
HANS MAARSE ◽  
MERITXELL SOLÉ JUVÉS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Older People ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Quality Information ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Decision Making Processes

ABSTRACTThis study compared how older people use quality information to choose residential care providers in England, the Netherlands and Spain (Catalonia). The availability of information varies between each country, from detailed inspection and survey information in the Netherlands, through to a lack of publicly available information in Catalonia. We used semi-structured interviews and group workshops with older people, families and professionals to compare experiences of the decision-making process and quality information, and also to explore what quality information might be used in the future. We found that most aspects of the decision-making experience and preferences for future indicators were similar across the three countries. The use of quality information was minimal across all three, even in England and the Netherlands where information was widely available. Differences arose mainly from factors with the supply of care. Older people were most interested in the subjective experiences of other residents and relatives, rather than ‘hard’ objective indicators of aspects such as clinical care. We find that the amount of publicly available quality information does not in itself influence the decisions or the decision-making processes of older people and their carers. To improve the quality of decisions, more effort needs to be taken to increase awareness and to communicate quality in more accessible ways, including significant support from professionals and better design of quality information.

scholarly journals Variability in adolescent portal privacy features: how the unique privacy needs of the adolescent patient create a complex decision-making process

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1008-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Sharko ◽  
Lauren Wilcox ◽  
Matthew K Hong ◽  
Jessica S Ancker
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Patient Portals ◽  
Medical Organization ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Types Of Information

Abstract Objective Medical privacy policies, which are clear-cut for adults and young children, become ambiguous during adolescence. Yet medical organizations must establish unambiguous rules about patient and parental access to electronic patient portals. We conducted a national interview study to characterize the diversity in adolescent portal policies across a range of institutions and determine the factors influencing decisions about these policies. Methods Within a sampling framework that ensured diversity of geography and medical organization type, we used purposive and snowball sampling to identify key informants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed with inductive thematic analysis, followed by a member check. Results We interviewed informants from 25 medical organizations. Policies established different degrees of adolescent access (from none to partial to complete), access ages (from 10 to 18 years), degrees of parental access, and types of information considered sensitive. Federal and state law did not dominate policy decisions. Other factors in the decision process were: technology capabilities; differing patient population needs; resources; community expectations; balance between information access and privacy; balance between promoting autonomy and promoting family shared decision-making; and tension between teen privacy and parental preferences. Some informants believed that clearer standards would simplify policy-making; others worried that standards could restrict high-quality polices. Conclusions In the absence of universally accepted standards, medical organizations typically undergo an arduous decision-making process to develop teen portal policies, weighing legal, economic, social, clinical, and technological factors. As a result, portal access policies are highly inconsistent across the United States and within individual states.

Pursuing Careers Inside or Outside Academia? Factors Associated With Doctoral Students’ Career Decision Making

2020 ◽  
pp. 089484532090796
Author(s):  
Gaeun Seo ◽  
Joonkil Ahn ◽  
Wen-Hao Huang ◽  
Julia P. Makela ◽  
HyeJin T. Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Career Paths ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Career Decision Making ◽  
Career Experiences ◽  
Career Support ◽  
Career Needs

A lack of empirical research on career decision-making experience of doctoral students prevents them from developing relevant career competencies to achieve desired career goals. Understanding career experiences and diverse career needs of doctoral students is crucial to better prepare them for varied career paths inside and outside academia. Grounded in social cognitive career theory’s career self-management model, we investigated the association of the personal and contextual factors of doctoral students with their career decision making. To gain a comprehensive understanding of career choices of doctoral students, comparisons are made between academic and beyond academic career groups. Data were collected from 313 doctoral candidates from a research-oriented public university located in the U.S. Midwest. The results of logistic regression analysis show significant associations between career support, marital status, and major and career choice of doctoral students. Implications for graduate education to support doctoral students for diverse career paths are discussed.

An Exploration of Ethical Decision-making Processes in the United States and Egypt

2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafik I. Beekun ◽  
Ramda Hamdy ◽  
James W. Westerman ◽  
Hassan R. HassabElnaby
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Making Processes

A misperceived threat: Understanding the increasing mastectomy rates.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (28_suppl) ◽  
pp. 75-75
Author(s):  
Andrea Marie Covelli ◽  
Nancy N. Baxter ◽  
Margaret Fitch ◽  
Frances Catriona Wright
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prophylactic Mastectomy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Breast Conserving Therapy ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Structured Interviews

75 Background: Rates of unilateral (UM) and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) for early-stage breast cancer (ESBC) have been increasing. Both surgeons’ preference and patients’ choice have been suggested to play a role. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted examining surgeon’s practices and patient’s decision-making during treatment for ESBC. The Health-Belief Model was applied identifying factors influential in the choice for UM+/-CPM. Purposive sampling identified non-high-risk women across Toronto, Canada who were candidates for breast conserving therapy (BCT) but underwent UM+/-CPM. Academic and community breast surgeons from across Ontario, Canada and the United States were also recruited. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Constant comparative analysis identified key ideas. Results: 29 patients and 45 surgeons were interviewed. The dominant theme was the ‘misperceived threat of ESBC: an overestimated risk’. Surgeons described the high survivability of ESBC, yet patients greatly overestimated the threat of death from their cancer and strived to eliminate this threat by choosing UM+/-CPM. Surgeons described BCT and UM as equivalent treatment options for ESBC, and recommended BCT. In this average-risk population CPM was discouraged by the surgeons describing no survival advantage; despite this, women requested UM+CPM. Personal cancer experiences with family and friends were extremely influential in women’s request for UM+/-CPM. Previous negative experiences translated into an overestimated risk of recurrence, contralateral cancer, metastasisand subsequent death. Patients’ misperceived the severity of ESBC, and believed that by choosing UM+/-CPM they would live longer. Most women did not perceive any risks of undergoing mastectomy, yet many had ongoing issues with skin sensation, cosmesis and body image. Conclusions: Despite surgeons counseling otherwise, women greatly overestimated the risk of ESBC and misperceived the benefits of mastectomy. As undergoing UM+/-CPM is not without risks, improved discussion of patient sources of information and fears around survival may benefit surgical consultations, facilitating informed decision-making.

scholarly journals Beyond the Rhetoric of Participation: A Case Study of Participatory Practices and Power in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Cynthia Ecclestone
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Participatory Development ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Local Ngo

<p>This study looks critically at the practices of participatory development by a local NGO in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. In doing so, the Life Skills Training programme is chosen as a case study of potentially participatory development. By exploring people’s experiences, perceptions, and feelings about their participation, the study examines the power dynamics in the programme. To gather data, the study used semi-structured interviews and observations. Interviews were conducted with 14 research participants, who were purposively selected from different backgrounds.   The study finds that the approaches of the programme point to lower-level forms of participation, with local people having both minimal involvement and little role in decision-making. Despite the use of the rhetoric of participation, doubts about the quality of participation are raised particularly in relation to gender, age, and religious differences. By scrutinising the ways in which issues of power manifest in the programme, the study demonstrates that issues of power and power relations in participatory development are quite complex. Using the frameworks of power analysis, I argue that issues related to inequalities of power are manifested in the NGO’s domination of decision-making processes, and that these issues were also contributed to by a patriarchal culture and filial piety. More importantly, I argue that people’s participation in the programme is less likely lead to meaningful outcomes if the issues of power imbalances are not addressed.  The study provides useful insights into ways to improve the practices of participatory development. An increased understanding of various forms of power and their implications will be useful for development practitioners to exercise their power to make a difference. Moreover, efforts to reduce power imbalances in participatory development will be inadequate without critically examining and attending to power and its dynamics. Without a deeper understanding of power, development programmes that make claims about participation may be less effective in achieving transformative goals for the intended beneficiaries.</p>

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