How Animation Won Over the Lightning Sketch: Re-Evaluating Humorous Phases of Funny Faces

Animation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raz Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Short Film ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Animated Characters ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Invisible

The short film Humorous Phases of Funny Faces, released in 1906 and directed by J Stuart Blackton (1875–1941), is considered to be one of the earliest examples of cinematic animation. This article aims at examining the film’s influence from another perspective, beyond its pioneering use of film camera: the author argues that Blackton’s film has also laid the foundation for common design principles in subsequent animated productions, particularly in the design of animated characters. The analysis of Blackton’s film aimed at supporting this argument is based on Scott McCloud’s seminal book Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art (1993) and this article offers a modified method of McCloud’s ‘Vocabulary of Comics’ to demonstrate how Blackton has introduced the basic building-blocks of animated characters’ design that are common to this day: designs that rely on an emotional, universal core upon which culture-specific items are overlaid. Moreover, through appearance and performance of his animated characters, Blackton broke the design process of animated characters into such building blocks, emphasizing their importance.

Building Blocks for Young Children's Mathematical Development

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Sarama ◽  
Douglas H. Clements
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Mathematics Curriculum ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Mathematical Development ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Design Process Model

This article describes the design principles behind a set of research-based software microworlds included in the Building Blocks program, a PreK to grade 2 software-based mathematics curriculum. Building Blocks approach is finding the mathematics in, and developing mathematics from, children's activity. The materials are designed to help children extend and mathematize their everyday activities, from building blocks to art to songs and stories to puzzles. The 9-step design process model that defines what we mean by “research-based” is described and illustrated.

scholarly journals REVIEW OF DESIGN HEURISTICS AND DESIGN PRINCIPLES IN DESIGN FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2571-2580
Author(s):  
Filip Valjak ◽  
Angelica Lindwall
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Design For Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Design Heuristics ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Support Methods

AbstractThe advent of additive manufacturing (AM) in recent years have had a significant impact on the design process. Because of new manufacturing technology, a new area of research emerged – Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) with newly developed design support methods and tools. This paper looks into the current status of the field regarding the conceptual design of AM products, with the focus on how literature sources treat design heuristics and design principles in the context of DfAM. To answer the research question, a systematic literature review was conducted. The results are analysed, compared and discussed on three main points: the definition of the design heuristics and the design principles, level of support they provide, as well as where and how they are used inside the design process. The paper highlights the similarities and differences between design heuristics and design principles in the context of DfAM.

Handover within 3GPP LTE: Design Principles and Performance

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Dimou ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Yu Yang ◽  
Muhammmad Kazmi ◽  
Anna Larmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Principles ◽  
3Gpp Lte ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals TESSA: design and implementation of a platform for situational sea awareness

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
Mario Scalas ◽  
Palmalisa Marra ◽  
Luca Tedesco ◽  
Raffaele Quarta ◽  
Emanuele Cantoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
End User ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Platform Architecture ◽  
Front End ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Key Aspects

Abstract. This article describes the architecture of sea situational awareness (SSA) platform, a major asset within TESSA, an industrial research project funded by the Italian Ministry of Education and Research. The main aim of the platform is to collect, transform and provide forecast and observational data as information suitable for delivery across a variety of channels, like web and mobile; specifically, the ability to produce and provide forecast information suitable for creating SSA-enabled applications has been a critical driving factor when designing and evolving the whole architecture. Thus, starting from functional and performance requirements, the platform architecture is described in terms of its main building blocks and flows among them: front-end components that support end-user applications and map and data analysis components that allow for serving maps and querying data. Focus is directed to key aspects and decisions about the main issues faced, like interoperability, scalability, efficiency and adaptability, but it also considers insights about future works in this and similarly related subjects. Some analysis results are also provided in order to better characterize critical issues and related solutions.

High Yield Assembly of Compliant MEMS Snap Fasteners

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Murthy ◽  
Aditya N. Das ◽  
Dan O. Popa
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Deformation Energy ◽  
High Yield ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Lab Experiments ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Robotic Cells ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Important Design

Heterogeneous assembly at the microscale has recently emerged as a viable pathway to constructing 3-dimensional microrobots and other miniaturized devices. In contrast to self-assembly, this method is directed and deterministic, and is based on serial or parallel microassembly. Whereas at the meso and macro scales, automation is often undertaken after, and often benchmarked against manual assembly, we demonstrate that deterministic automation at the MEMS scale can be completed with higher yields through the use of engineered compliance and precision robotic cells. Snap fasteners have long been used as a way to exploit the inherent stability of local minima of the deformation energy caused by interference during part mating. In this paper we assume that the building blocks are 2 1/2 -dimensional, as is the case with lithographically microfabricated MEMS parts. The assembly of the snap fasteners is done using μ3, a multi-robot microassembly station with unique characteristics located at our ARRI’s Texas Microfactory lab. Experiments are performed to demonstrate that fast and reliable assemblies can be expected if the microparts and the robotic cell satisfy a so-called “High Yield Assembly Condition” (H.Y.A.C.). Important design trade-offs for assembly and performance of microsnap fasteners are discussed and experimentally evaluated.

Drawing with Performance Prediction

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Schwenn ◽  
George Hazen
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
Performance Prediction ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Programming Environment ◽  
Immediate Feedback ◽  
Surface Stability ◽  
Performance Constraints ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One

We describe some advances in Performance Prediction Programs - "PPP"1 for sailing yachts2 - primarily integrating PPP analysis into drawing and providing new sculpting operations in which fairness and desired hydrostatic and on her performance determining characteristics are maintained - the shape remains a boat or a ship of the desired kind during reshaping. Our building blocks for such an integration are: a thousand-fold increase in PPP speed3, new editing tools which maintain Boatness4 , and an accessible modularization of the engineering physics of the PPP within a new programming environment which allows immediate changes by designers. Specifically, these new functions are introduced at the boundary of Drawing and the PPP: - A live knotmeter is displayed with each design variant on the drawing boar, - alongside it's antagonist - Rating. - Continuously updated hydrotatics (including the speed determining factors LSM, wetted surface, stability, prismatics, .. ) are displayed with the knotometer, with the 'positive' factors (like length) graphically opposing the 'negative' (like wetted surface.) Dimensions for PPP use are calculated automatically from the shape at hand - in particular: appendage dimensions, hydrostatics, and so forth. - Bounding limits are set for a design optimization by drawing two or more outlier yacht forms. The space in between can be explored by hand or automatically. - Local optimums of Speed against rating are provided as a 'Snap' function. This is the one dimensional version of automatic exploration for optima. - Intermediate shapes are also controlled during design optimization to maintain realism and performance constraints on type, fairness, 'look', speed producing shape measures like prismatic and displacement etc., and even handicap. - Immediate feedback is available if one chooses to exploit the new programming environment to make aero hydro model changes or extensions to the internal PPP mechanisms while drawing and exploring.

LATTICE STRUCTURE OPTIMIZATION WITH ORIENTATION-DEPENDENT MATERIAL PROPERTIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Conner Sharpe ◽  
Carolyn Seepersad
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Advances in additive manufacturing techniques have enabled the production of parts with complex internal geometries. However, the layer-based nature of additive processes often results in mechanical properties that vary based on the orientation of the feature relative to the build plane. Lattice structures have been a popular design application for additive manufacturing due to their potential uses in lightweight structural applications. Many recent works have explored the modeling, design, and fabrication challenges that arise in the multiscale setting of lattice structures. However, there remains a significant challenge in bridging the simplified computational models used in the design process and the more complex properties actually realized in fabrication. This work develops a design approach that captures orientation-dependent material properties that have been observed in metal AM processes while remaining suitable for use in an iterative design process. Exemplar problems are utilized to investigate the potential design changes and performance improvements that can be attained by taking the directional dependence of the manufacturing process into account in the design of lattice structures.

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