scholarly journals Effects of fatty acid nitroalkanes on signal transduction pathways and airway macrophage activation

2021 ◽  
pp. 175342592110153
Author(s):  
Melissa L Wilkinson ◽  
Andrew J Gow
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Pulmonary Injury ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Signal Transduction Proteins ◽  
Cysteine Thiols

Fatty acid nitroalkenes are reversibly-reactive electrophiles that are endogenously detectable at nM concentrations and display anti-inflammatory, pro-survival actions. These actions are elicited through the alteration of signal transduction proteins via a Michael addition on nucleophilic cysteine thiols. Nitrated fatty acids (NO2-FAs), like 9- or 10-nitro-octadec-9-enolic acid, will act on signal transduction proteins directly or on key regulatory proteins to cause an up-regulation or down-regulation of the protein’s expression, yielding an anti-inflammatory response. These responses have been characterized in many organ systems, such as the cardiovascular system, with the pulmonary system less well defined. Macrophages are one of the most abundant immune cells in the lung and are essential in maintaining lung homeostasis. Despite this, macrophages can play a role in both acute and chronic lung injury due to up-regulation of anti-inflammatory signal transduction pathways and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory pathways. Through their propensity to alter signal transduction pathways, NO2-FAs may be able to reduce macrophage activation during pulmonary injury. This review will focus on the implications of NO2-FAs on macrophage activation in the lung and the signal transduction pathways that may be altered, leading to reduced pulmonary injury.

scholarly journals Discovery of genetic variants for fatty acid binding proteins of pig (Brief Report)

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-322
Author(s):  
H. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Proteins ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Fat Thickness

Abstract. Back fat thickness (BFT) and intramuscular fat (IMF) contents are known as major issues affecting meat performance. Several types of fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs), which involve signal transduction pathways, are abundantly presented in tissues such as intestine, liver, kidney, mammary gland, heart, and red skeletal muscle (Nechtelberger et al. 2001). FABPs have been reported to be differentially expressed genes during porcine adipogenesis (Samulin et al. 2008) and related to fat deposition (Szczerbal et al. 2007). Accordingly FABPs may be candidate genes to explain variation of fat related traits in pigs. Therefore, it is an essential process to search genetic variants that may provide useful genetic information to study associations with quantitative loci (QTL).

Cell and molecular biology of human leukaemias

2010 ◽  
pp. 4214-4221
Author(s):  
Alejandro Gutierrez ◽  
A. Thomas Look
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Embryological Development ◽  
Activating Mutations ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells

The human leukaemias arise when haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells acquire genetic alterations that lead to malignant transformation, following which affected cells can exhibit differentiation arrest in any lineage and at any stage of maturation. Genetic alterations leading to leukaemia—a recurring theme is that the genes most frequently altered are those with evolutionarily conserved roles in the embryological development of various cell lineages and organ systems, including (but not limited to) genes that control normal haematopoiesis. The molecular genetic alterations that drive leukaemogenesis can generally be characterized into lesions affecting transcription factors and those that aberrantly activate signal transduction pathways, which often occur via activating mutations in tyrosine kinases....

scholarly journals Akt and Erk signal transduction pathways are early markers of differentiation in dominant and subordinate ovarian follicles in cattle

Reproduction ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
K E Ryan ◽  
S M Casey ◽  
M J Canty ◽  
M A Crowe ◽  
F Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Early Markers ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Signal Transduction Proteins ◽  
Igf Binding Protein ◽  
Follicle Selection

Dominant follicles are those that continue to develop and have the potential to ovulate while subordinate follicles regress. Characteristics of dominant follicles include a larger diameter, higher intrafollicular estradiol, and lower IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-4 concentrations compared with other cohort follicles. Follicle development is regulated by endocrine hormones that act via intracellular signaling pathways. Here, we show the differences in Akt, Erk, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase, and p-38 signaling pathways between dominant and subordinate follicles at the dominance stage of the follicle wave. However, earlier in the follicle wave (dominant follicle selection), there were only differences in the levels of Akt and Erk signal transduction proteins among dominant and subordinate follicles. Using this profile of Akt and Erk protein expression in granulosa and theca cells of selected dominant follicles compared with subordinate follicles, we suggest a predictive model to identify future dominant and subordinate follicles from the pool of otherwise similar cohort follicles at the time of follicle wave emergence. We conclude that the Erk and Akt signal transduction pathways are important for dominant follicle selection and development and, furthermore, that the observed differences in these pathways mark the future dominant follicle from subordinate follicles before differences in follicular diameter, follicular fluid estradiol, and IGFBP-4 concentrations are apparent.

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