Postmenopausal bleeding

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 387-390
Author(s):  
Freya Ridley-Davies
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Vaginal Bleeding ◽  
Menstrual Period ◽  
Last Menstrual Period ◽  
Postmenopausal Bleeding ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Common

Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is defined as any vaginal bleeding occurring at least 12 months after the last menstrual period, in a woman who is of menopausal age. PMB is a common problem presenting in general practice, and accounts for 5% of secondary care referrals. Although PMB usually has a benign cause, it is important to exclude endometrial cancer, which is detected in approximately 10% of women presenting with PMB. This article offers an outline for the history, examination and initial investigations of PMB, as well as an overview of the common causes and how these are subsequently managed.

Managing otalgia in general practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Margaret Ann Perry
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Minor Illness ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Frequent Reason

Otalgia is a frequent reason for minor illness consultations in general practice. Margaret Ann Perry provides an overview of the common causes, complications and treatments Otalgia, also known as earache, is a common condition, which has a variety of causes. It is a frequent reason for visits to GP surgeries or walk-in centres and can potentially affect any age. Most of the common causes of otalgia are benign conditions that can be easily treated; however, there are a few more sinister diagnoses that need to be considered in some cases. This article therefore aims to give nurses and non-medical prescribers confidence in assessing and treating patients who present with this common condition.

Otorrhoea

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 281-288
Author(s):  
Mark Newton ◽  
Paraskevi Tsirevelou
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Management Guidance ◽  
Throat Symptom ◽  
The Common ◽  
Nose And Throat

The discharging ear, also known as otorrhoea, is a common ear, nose and throat symptom and defined as drainage or flow exiting the ear. The discharge can be wax, blood, pus, mucus, or cerebrospinal fluid. The underlying cause can usually be determined from the history and physical examination. Most patients with otorrhoea can be managed within primary care and do not require referral or hospital admission. This article considers the common causes of a discharging ear, appropriate management, guidance for referral of patients to secondary care and some key take home points.

Rectal bleeding

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-146
Author(s):  
Rodrick Babakhanlou
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Rectal Bleeding ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Bleeding Per Rectum ◽  
The Common

Bleeding per rectum is defined as the passage of blood from the anus. It is a common presentation in adults of all ages and the majority of cases can be managed in primary care. This article will focus on the common causes of rectal bleeding, its assessment and management, including guidance for referral pathways to secondary care.

Postmenopausal bleeding

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 709-716
Author(s):  
Rebecca Pugh ◽  
Anna Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Postmenopausal Bleeding ◽  
Urgent Referral ◽  
Underlying Malignancy ◽  
Unscheduled Bleeding ◽  
Careful History

Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is one of the most common reasons for referral to gynaecology services. This is due to the concern of possible underlying malignancy, as approximately 10% of women with PMB will have endometrial cancer. With growing use of hormone replacement therapy there is increased uncertainty as to what constitutes unscheduled bleeding and careful history and examination is required. Although benign conditions represent the most frequent cause of PMB, all women will require urgent referral and investigation in secondary care.

scholarly journals Adult hip pain

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Aman Jain ◽  
Katie Clamp
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Hip Pain ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Musculoskeletal Conditions ◽  
Urgent Referral ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Anatomy Of The Hip

Hip pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal presentations in general practice. There are multiples causes of hip pain, ranging from acute to chronic and traumatic to atraumatic. In general practice, it is important to identify the cause of hip pain, as management strategies vary depending on pathology. Some diagnoses need urgent referral to secondary care, whereas others can be managed in primary care. According to the RCGP, an estimated 1-in-5 consultations are for musculoskeletal conditions, so a good knowledge of management is important. In this article, we will discuss the anatomy of the hip, the most common causes of hip pain and their management.

Parotid tumours

2021 ◽  
pp. 175573802110160
Author(s):  
Edward Balai ◽  
Navdeep Bhamra ◽  
Karan Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Head And Neck Neoplasms ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Clinical Anatomy ◽  
Salivary Gland Tumours ◽  
The Common ◽  
Parotid Tumours ◽  
Key Aspects

Salivary gland tumours are uncommon and account for just 6% of all head and neck neoplasms. Worldwide incidence varies, from 0.4 to 13.5 cases per 100 000 population. The parotid gland is by far the most commonly affected site, accounting for 80% of cases. The vast majority of these tumours are benign; only approximately 20–25% being malignant. This article considers the relevant clinical anatomy of the parotid gland, key aspects of assessment with history and examination, and when to refer to secondary care for further investigation. It will touch on the common benign and malignant parotid neoplasms and give an overview of secondary care management.

scholarly journals Risk of Death and Cardiovascular Outcomes with Thiazolidinediones: A Study with the General Practice Research Database and Secondary Care Data

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. e28157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlene M. Gallagher ◽  
Liam Smeeth ◽  
Suzie Seabroke ◽  
Hubert G. M. Leufkens ◽  
Tjeerd P. van Staa
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
General Practice Research Database ◽  
Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Risk Of Death

scholarly journals From “Technical Newbies” to “Optimistic Politicians”

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Prater ◽  
Konstantinos Kirytopoulos ◽  
Tony Ma
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Scheduling Problems ◽  
Information Technology Projects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Project Estimation ◽  
Engineering Projects

Purpose Despite the advent of sophisticated control methods, there are still significant issues regarding late delivery of information technology projects. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the common causes of scheduling problems specifically in the information technology projects context. Design/methodology/approach Through a quantitative research, the importance of those causes, as well as the underpinning factors driving them, is explored. The causes are ranked according to their relative important index, and exploratory factor analysis is employed to reveal underlying dimensions (factors) of these causes. Findings From the analysis, four factors were extracted, namely, “Dataless Newbie,” “Technical Newbie,” “Pragmatic Futurist” and “Optimistic Politician.” These factors explain the different latent conditions that lead to scheduling problems in information technology projects. Practical implications The key contribution of this research is that it enlightens the latent conditions underpinning scheduling problems. Also, the evidence provides that schedule development for information technology projects is impacted by the same causes that impact engineering projects, and that applying a number of mitigation techniques widely used within the engineering area, such as reference class, would, no doubt, not only improve information technology schedules but also reduce the political pressures on the project manager. Originality/value This research provides a valuable insight into understanding the underlying factors for poor project estimation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document