scholarly journals Predictions of FluSurge 2.0 methodology on hospital utilization during the Covid-19 outbreaks in several countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 184797902110205
Author(s):  
Francisco Reyes-Santias ◽  
Isabel Barrachina-Martinez ◽  
David Vivas-Consuelo
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Scenario Planning ◽  
Hospital Utilization ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Support Resources ◽  
Hospital Beds ◽  
The Usa ◽  
America South

Application of the Flusurge 2.0 methodology to predict the needs of conventional hospital treatment, intensive care, and respiratory support resources as a consequence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in several countries. Different countries of the following continents have been selected: Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, and Oceania. Variables: Total population and age distribution; Number of COVID19 infections; Number of deaths from COVID19; Number of non-ICU hospital beds; Number of ICU beds; Number of ventilators. Method: The proposed possible scenario planning is based on the application of FluSurge 2.0 Software, developed by The Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security (CHS/CDC). Saturation of conventional hospitalization is expected in India, Uganda, Nepal, and Haiti; there is a forecast of saturation for ICU beds in all sample countries except Turkey. Ventilator saturation is expected in all countries of the sample except Argentina, Austria, Brazil, France, United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea, Norway, Poland, Turkey and the USA. The model shows, for a percentage greater than 50% of the countries, difficulties related to the saturation of their ICU units, and the use of ventilators.

Cancer as a Scottish Problem

1968 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 338-348
Author(s):  
A. J. Haddow
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Lung Cancer Mortality ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Cancer Of The Lung

Cancer, responsible for about 1 death in 5 in Scotland, cost over £1 per head of population in 1965 and led to bed occupation of almost 2,000 bed years. Time lag (symptoms-doctor-hospital-treatment) is usuallv small. Age distribution is as in other European countries. Excluding accidents, cancer is the second most important cause of death in children. In relation to other countries Scotland's position is very poor and the lung cancer mortality in both sexes is the highest known. Lung cancer is the most important in males, breast cancer in females. Alimentary cancers come second in both sexes. In this century alimentary cancers increased till the thirties or forties and then declined. Cancers of pancreas, cervix uteri, ovary, prostate, kidney and bladder, together with leukaemia, have all increased. Cancer of the lung has increased elevenfold in women and fiftyfold in men. It now accounts for 9 to 12 per cent of all male deaths in cities and large towns

scholarly journals Correcting Citizens’ Misperceptions about non-Western Immigrants: Corrective Information, Interpretations, and Policy Opinions

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik Juhl Jørgensen ◽  
Mathias Osmundsen
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Information Change ◽  
Corrective Information

Abstract Can corrective information change citizens’ misperceptions about immigrants and subsequently lead to favorable immigration opinions? While prior studies from the USA document how corrections about the size of minority populations fail to change citizens’ immigration-related opinions, they do not examine how other facts that speak to immigrants’ cultural or economic dependency rates can influence immigration policy opinions. To extend earlier work, we conducted a large-scale survey experiment fielded to a nationally representative sample of Danes. We randomly expose participants to information about non-Western immigrants’ (1) welfare dependency rate, (2) crime rate, and (3) proportion of the total population. We find that participants update their factual beliefs in light of correct information, but reinterpret the information in a highly selective fashion, ultimately failing to change their policy preferences.

Burden of pediatric neurosurgical disease in a rural developing country: perspectives from southwest Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Toyin A. Oyemolade ◽  
Amos O. Adeleye ◽  
Ayodele J. Olusola ◽  
Busayo A. Ehinola ◽  
Ebosetale P. Aikhomu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
Neurosurgical Patients ◽  
Specialized Care ◽  
Southwest Nigeria

OBJECTIVE The proportion of the global burden of neurosurgical disease represented by pediatric neurosurgical pathology is unknown, especially in lower-middle income countries (LMICs) where there exists no known data-driven literature on the subject. In this study, the authors aimed to quantify the pediatric neurosurgical disease profile in a rural area of a developing country. METHODS This was a prospective observational study of all pediatric neurosurgical patients managed at a single center over a 30-month period. RESULTS Overall, 226 pediatric patients were included in the study (150 males and 76 females, male/female ratio 2:1), accounting for 20.4% of the total patient population during the study period. The modal age distribution was the 0- to 4-year-old group (32.3%), and head injury was the most common presentation, occurring alone in 157 patients (69.5%). Hydrocephalus alone was seen in 21 patients (9.3%) and in combination with myelomeningocele in 4 patients (1.8%). Brain tumors were found in 6 patients (2.7%), infective lesions in 6 patients (2.7%), and encephaloceles in 2 patients (0.9%). The treatment outcome was good in 170 patients (75.2%). Fourteen patients (6.2%) were referred to more advanced health facilities for specialized care; 29 patients (12.8%) were discharged against medical advice, mostly because of financial constraints; and 8 patients (3.5%) died. Several surgical cases could not be performed because of sundry logistical constraints. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric neurosurgical disease accounted for one-fifth of the neurosurgical workload at a tertiary health facility in southwest Nigeria. Trauma was the most common presentation, and optimal in-hospital treatment, including surgery, was hampered by severe logistical constraints in a significant proportion of the cases.

State IQ and Elderly Suicide Rates in the United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 601-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Voracek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Total Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Elderly Suicide

Paralleling previous findings with state suicide rates of the total population, the associations of state suicide rates of elderly persons with regional IQ estimates across the USA were inconsistent (positive, negative, or nil), depending on the source of available state IQ estimates used in the analysis. The implications of these findings and directions for further inquiry are discussed.

scholarly journals Demographic and clinical characteristics of traumatic shoulder dislocations in an eastern Anatolian city in Turkey: A retrospective single-centre analysis of 181 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 298-305
Author(s):  
Ömer Cengiz ◽  
Ferdi Dırvar
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Shoulder Dislocation ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Patient Database ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

Objective: This study aims to investigate demographic and clinical characteristics of traumatic shoulder dislocations in an Eastern Anatolian city (Muş) in Turkey. Material and Methods: Digital patient database was reviewed to identify the glenohumeral shoulder dislocations admitted to the emergency department between January 2017 and December 2018. Incidence, demographics, recurrence, associated injuries, and mechanism of injury were evaluated. Results: One hundred and eighty-one patients (140 males, 41 females; mean age: 39.98±20.41 years) experienced traumatic shoulder dislocation during the study period. The incidence was 18,9 per 100,000 person-years. Age distribution peaked between 21 and 30 (94.5% male) and between 61 and 70 years. Primary shoulder dislocation occurred in 153, recurrent dislocations in 28, and anterior dislocations in 177 patients. The mechanism of injury included falls in 144 and sports injuries in 18 cases. The reduction was achieved in 154 patients in the emergency department. Conclusion: The incidence of traumatic shoulder dislocations in Muş was higher than the study conducted in Turkey but similar to those in Europe, the UK, and the USA. Risk factors included young age (21-40) and participation in sports in men but fall and being in the 6th decade in women.

scholarly journals The Delta Variant Had Negligible Impact on COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in the USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Blaiszik ◽  
Carlo Graziani ◽  
James L. Olds ◽  
Ian Foster
Keyword(s):  
Age Distribution ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
A Value ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Zero Baseline

The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) was initially identified in India in December 2020. Due to its high transmissibility, its prevalence in the U.S.A. grew from a near-zero baseline in early May 2021 to nearly 100% by late August 2021, according to CDC tracking. We accessed openly available data sources from the public health authorities of seven U.S. states, five U.S. counties, and the District of Columbia on RT-PCR COVID-19 tests split by the COVID-19 vaccination status of individuals tested during this period. Together, these time series enable estimation and tracking of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE∗) (against RT-PCR diagnosed infection) concurrently with the growth of Delta variant prevalence in those locations. Our analyses reveal that in each locality the VE∗ for the combined set of all three US vaccines remained relatively stable and quite well-performing, despite the dramatic concurrent rise of Delta variant prevalence. We conclude that the Delta variant does not significantly evade vaccine-induced immunity. The variations in our measured VE∗ appear to be driven by demographic factors affecting the composition of the vaccinated cohorts, particularly as pertains to age distribution. We report that the measured VE∗, aggregated across the collected sites, began at a value of about 0.9 in mid-May, declined to about 0.76 by mid-July, and recovered to about 0.9 by mid-September.SummaryWe estimated local COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness using RT-PCR COVID-19 test data broken out by vaccination status from select localities in the U.S.A. between 15 May and 15 September 2021 while the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) was ascending from essentially zero prevalence to total dominance of the genome, and showed that the rise of the Delta variant had negligible effect on vaccine effectiveness.

Clonal diversity in overwintering populations of Schizaphis graminum (Homoptera: Aphididae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Shufran ◽  
Gerald E. Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Molecular Fingerprinting ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region ◽  
The Usa ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Total Diversity

AbstractThe intergenic spacer region of the rRNA cistron was used as a molecular fingerprinting probe to study clonal diversity in Schizaphis graminum (Rondani). A high degree of clonal diversity was found in overwintering populations on wheat from Kansas, Texas and Oklahoma. Out of 184 individuals tested, 132 unique maternal lineages wereidentified. Overall, clonal diversity of overwintering populations was no less than in spring and summer populations. However, in some fields there were more instances where individuals of the same genotype were identified. By partitioning the total population diversity into various sampling components (fields, counties and states), 93.1% of the total diversity was found among individual S. graminum within fields. Overwintering of many genetically distinct clones as parthenogenetic morphs is one mechanism by which clonal diversity is maintained in populations of S. graminum. The incidence of clonal diversity further substantiates the importance of the S. graminum holocycle for generating genetic heterogeneity in the USA.

Survey of experiential entrepreneurship education offerings among top undergraduate entrepreneurship programs

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Mandel ◽  
Erik Noyes
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Program Leaders ◽  
Support Resources ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Faculty Mentors ◽  
Survey Approach ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze experiential entrepreneurship education offerings – programs and courses – among the “Top 25” undergraduate schools of entrepreneurship in the USA. The motivation is to understand the array and vitality of experiential initiatives across the country. A related aim is to unearth obstacles to offering experiential entrepreneurship and identify affordable, viable options. Surveying undergraduate program deans, chairs and administrators, the authors inventory and analyze experiences offered in top entrepreneurship programs. The target audience for the research is entrepreneurship education researchers and business program leaders. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is a survey approach. A survey was sent to the entrepreneurship program leaders of the “Top 25” business schools according to recently published rankings. In total, 57 percent of the target population responded to the survey. Findings – The authors find that credit-yielding experiential entrepreneurship offerings are abundant. Yet an array of challenges constrain the growth this mode of delivery – including finding suitable faculty, mentors and other support resources. Research limitations/implications – A potential limitation of the study is its focus on “Top 25” undergraduate entrepreneurship programs, as this may not be reflective of activity in the wider sample of entrepreneurship programs. Practical implications – The first inventory of its kind, this study provides vital knowledge about the array of practices by leading programs. The study may be used to drive benchmarking and further innovation by leaders of entrepreneurship programs. Originality/value – To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the most comprehensive, recent study of undergraduate, experiential entrepreneurship education.

Comparing the performance of mammography screening in the USA and the UK

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Smith-Bindman ◽  
Rachel Ballard-Barbash ◽  
Diana L Miglioretti ◽  
Julietta Patnick ◽  
Karla Kerlikowske
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Cancer Surveillance ◽  
Screening Mammogram ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Screening Mammograms ◽  
The Uk

To compare the performance of screening mammography in the USA and the UK, a consecutive sample of screening mammograms was obtained in women aged 50 and older from 1996 to 1999 who participated in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium in the USA ( n=978,591) and the National Health Service Breast Cancer Screening Program in the UK ( n=3.94 million), including 6943 diagnosed with breast cancer within 12 months of screening. Recall rates were defined as the percentage of screening mammograms with a recommendation for further evaluation including diagnostic mammography, ultrasound, clinical examination or biopsy, and cancer detection rates including invasive cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed within 12 months of a screening mammogram. All results were stratified by whether examinations were first or subsequent and adjusted to a standard age distribution. Among women who underwent a first screening mammogram, 13.3% of women in the USA versus 7.2% of women in the UK were recalled for further evaluation (relative risk for recall 1.9; 95% CI 1.8–1.9). For subsequent examinations recall rates were approximately 50% lower, but remained twice as high in the USA as in the UK. A similar percentage of women underwent biopsy in each setting, but rates of percutaneous biopsy were lower and rates of open surgical biopsy were higher in the USA. Women undergo screening approximately every 18 months in the USA and every 36 months in the UK. Based on a 20-year period of screening, the estimated percentage of women who would be recalled for additional testing was nearly threefold higher in the USA. The number of cancers detected was also higher in the USA (55 versus 43), and most of the increase was in the detection of small invasive and in situ cancers. The numbers of large cancers detected (>2 cm) were very similar between the two countries. Recall rates are approximately two to three times higher in the USA than in the UK. Importantly, despite less frequent screening in the USA, there are no substantial differences in the rates of detection of large cancers. Efforts to improve mammographic screening in the USA should target lowering the recall rate without reducing the cancer detection rate.

scholarly journals Evolution, geographic spreading, and demographic distribution of Enterovirus D68

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma B. Hodcroft ◽  
Robert Dyrdak ◽  
Cristina Andrés ◽  
Adrian Egli ◽  
Josiane Reist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Distribution ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Distinct Subgroup ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Enterovirus D68 ◽  
Full Length Genome

BackgroundWorldwide outbreaks of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) in 2014 and 2016 have caused serious respiratory and neurological disease.MethodsWe collected samples from several European countries during the 2018 out-break and determined 53 near full-length genome (‘whole genome’) sequences. These sequences were combined with 718 whole genome and 1,987 VP1-gene publicly available sequences.FindingsIn 2018, circulating strains clustered into multiple subgroups in the B3 and A2 subclades, with different phylogenetic origins. Clusters in subclade B3 emerged from strains circulating primarily in the US and Europe in 2016, though some had deeper roots linking to Asian strains, while clusters in A2 traced back to strains detected in East Asia in 2015-2016. In 2018, all sequences from the USA formed a distinct subgroup, containing only three non-US samples. Alongside the varied origins of seasonal strains, we found that diversification of these variants begins up to 18 months prior to the first diagnostic detection during a EV-D68 season. EV-D68 displays strong signs of continuous antigenic evolution and all 2018 A2 strains had novel patterns in the putative neutralizing epitopes in the BC- and DE-loops. The pattern in the BC-loop of the USA B3 subgroup had not been detected on that continent before. Patients with EV-D68 in subclade A2 were significantly older than patients with a B3 subclade virus. In contrast to other subclades, the age distribution of A2 is distinctly bimodal and was found primarily among children and in the elderly.InterpretationWe hypothesize that EV-D68’s rapid evolution of surface proteins, extensive diversity, and high rate of geographic mixing could be explained by substantial reinfection of adults.FundingUniversity of Basel and Swedish Foundation for Research and Development in Medical Microbiology

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