scholarly journals Betaine Yields from Marine Algal Species Utilized in the Preparation of Seaweed Extracts Used in Agriculture

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Blunden ◽  
Peter F. Morse ◽  
Imre Mathe ◽  
Judit Hohmann ◽  
Alan T. Critchley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Algae ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Minor Constituent ◽  
Laminaria Digitata ◽  
Seaweed Extracts ◽  
Marine Algal ◽  
A Minor

Ascophyllum nodosum, and to a lesser extent, Laminaria digitata, L. hyperborea and Fucus serratus, are marine algal species utilized in the commercial production of seaweed extracts used in agriculture. Betaines have been shown to be important constituents of these extracts, but there appears to have been no study made on whether there are variations in the betaine contents of these species based on either the place or date of collection. Samples of each of the four species were collected from widely separated areas at different times of the year. Also, in the case of A. nodosum, approximately monthly collections were made from one location. The betaines detected in the various collections of the same species showed little variation, although in the case of A. nodosum, glycinebetaine was found as a minor constituent in some samples, but was not detected in others. Trigonelline was found in all the tested samples of the two Laminaria species; this is, to our knowledge, the first record of this betaine in marine algae. With the exception of trigonelline in the Laminaria species, the betaine yields from the various samples of L. digitata, L. hyperborea and F. serratus showed little variation, regardless of either the place or date of collection. The trigonelline contents of the Laminaria species collected at one location (Finavarra, Ireland), in particular of L. hyperborea, was substantially greater than those from the other places of collection. In the case of A. nodosum, the betaine yields from samples collected at one site (Dale, Pembrokeshire, UK) were significantly higher than those from the other places of collection, which were very similar to each other. There was no clear indication of seasonal variation in betaine yields from A. nodosum.

scholarly journals Quinolizidine Alkaloid Profiles of Two Taxa of Teline maderensis

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 776-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Martins ◽  
Michael Wink ◽  
Andreas Tei ◽  
Amélia P. Rauter
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Minor Constituent ◽  
Alkaloid Composition ◽  
Quinolizidine Alkaloid ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Capillary Glc ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Alkaloid Profiles

Abstract The alkaloid composition of the aerial parts of two taxa of Teline maderensis was studied by capillary GLC and GLC-MS. N-Methylcytisine was the major alkaloid found in both plants. Contents of cytisine and lupanine were higher in T. maderensis var. paivae while anagyrine content was more pronounced in T. maderensis var. maderensis. The alkaloids dehydrocytisine, N-acetylcytisine and epibaptifoline appeared only in T. maderensis var. maderensis and N-formylcytisine was identified as a minor constituent in T. maderensis var. paivae, and detected only in trace amounts in the other variety of the plant.

scholarly journals New marine algal records from Arabian Gulf coastline of Kuwait

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
REDHA H. AL-HASAN ◽  
◽  
FATEMAH M. AL-KHERAINEJ ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
New Records ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Epiphytic Diatoms ◽  
Marine Algal ◽  
First Time ◽  
Marine Angiosperm

During 2014-2016 a project was launched to update and examine the current status of five phyla of benthic marine algae, in addition to epiphytic diatoms and marine Tracheophyta thriving along the coastal area of Kuwait. 173 species of algae were collected and identified. Fourteen new records of algal species for Kuwait including 2 species as new records from the Arabian Gulf are here reported for the first time. These species are assigned to the Chlorophyta (4), Ochrophyta (1), Rhodophyta (5) and Cyanobacteria (4). From Kuwait coastal line one species of marine angiosperm is also found for the first time. Five algal species collected from Kuwait coastal line remain unidentified.

scholarly journals Molluscicidal Polyphenols from Species of Fucaceae

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300
Author(s):  
Asmita V. Patel ◽  
David C. Wright ◽  
Maricela Adrian Romero ◽  
Gerald Blunden ◽  
Michael D. Guiry
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight Fraction ◽  
Bifurcaria Bifurcata ◽  
Marine Algal ◽  
Molluscicidal Activity

The aqueous fractions of the dry methanol extracts (500 ppm) of sixty marine algal species were screened for molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata, which is an important host of the bilharzia-causing Schistosoma species. The majority of the extracts tested were inactive at the concentration used, but those of Fucus serratus, F. vesiculosus, Pelvetia canaliculata, Ascophyllum nodosum, Halidrys siliquosa, Bifurcaria bifurcata, Dictyota dichotoma and Halopithys incurva all showed significant molluscicidal activity. Treatment with polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) either removed or drastically reduced the activity of the extracts of F. serratus, F. vesiculosus, P. canaliculata, A. nodosum, Halidrys siliquosa and Halopithys incurva, which suggested that the active compounds in the extracts of these species were polyphenolic in nature. The active extracts of the other two seaweed species did not appear to be affected by treatment with PVPP. Dialysis of the active extracts against distilled water separated them into high and low molecular weight fractions. In the case of the two Fucus species, P. canaliculata and A. nodosum, the activity resided in the high molecular weight fraction, whereas with all the other species, the activity was found in the low molecular weight fraction. 1H NMR spectroscopic examination of the active extracts confirmed that the molluscicidal components of the extracts of the Fucus species, P. canaliculata and A. nodosum were high molecular weight polyphenols.

The Use of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate to Treat Off-Flavor in Commercial Catfish Ponds

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Depth ◽  
Oscillatoria Chalybea ◽  
Catfish Ponds ◽  
Pond Ecology ◽  
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate

Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate (SCP) was applied to seven commercial catfish ponds in Mississippi to study the effects of treatment on fish flavor and pond ecology. The seven ponds were treated on alternate days in the morning with two doses of SCP at 55 kg hectare−1 (average depth 1-1.6 m). In three of the ponds, a potent 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) producing planktonic Oscillatoria chalybea-like species that was initially present was absent from the water column after treatment. In addition, the fish from two of these ponds were judged on-flavor 7 to 10 days after treatment. The off-flavor chemicals in three other ponds were diminished when measured seven days after treatment and fish were harvested from two of these ponds 10-14 days after treatment. The fish from the other two ponds were harvested 21 days after treatment. In the sixth pond, the predominant algal species was a 2-methylisoborneol producing O. chalybea-like species at 380 cells ml−1 and the treatment was ineffective. The treatment was most successful when off-flavor was less than two months duration and where application of the chemical was accomplished uniformly over the entire pond surface.

scholarly journals Naturalization and spread of the alien species Ozognathus cornutus (LeConte, 1859) (Coleoptera: Ptinidae: Ernobiinae) in Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Cerasa ◽  
Gabriella Lo Verde
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ecological Role ◽  
Dried Fruits ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Potential Pest ◽  
Small Wood ◽  
Natural Barrier

AbstractOzognathus cornutus (LeConte, 1859) (Coleoptera: Ptinidae: Ernobiinae), species native to North America, is a saproxylophagous species and is known to feed on decaying tissues within conspicuous galls and on vegetal decaying organic material such as dried fruits or small wood shavings and insect excrements in galleries made by other woodboring species. A few years after the first record in 2011, its naturalization in Italy is here reported. The insect was found as successor in galls of Psectrosema tamaricis (Diptera Cecidomyiidae), Plagiotrochus gallaeramulorum, Andricus multiplicatus and Synophrus politus (Hymenoptera Cynipidae). The galls seem to have played an important ecological role in speeding up the naturalization process. The lowest proportion of galls used by O. cornutus was recorded for P. tamaricis (23%), the only host belonging to Cecidomyiidae, while the percentages recorded for the other host species, all Cynipidae forming galls on oaks, were higher: 43.6%, 61.1% and 76.9% in A multiplicatus, S. politus and P. gallaeramulorum, respectively. Although O. cornutus is able to exploit other substrates like dried fruits and vegetables, for which it could represent a potential pest, it prefers to live as a successor in woody and conspicuous galls, which thus can represent a sort of natural barrier limiting the possible damages to other substrates.

A modified Runge-Kutta method

SIMULATION ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 221-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Chai
Keyword(s):  
Error Estimate ◽  
Linear Combination ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Kutta Method ◽  
Starting Values ◽  
Runge Kutta Method ◽  
Runge Kutta ◽  
A Minor

It is possible to replace k2 in a 4th-order Runge-Kutta for mula (also Nth-order 3 ≤ N ≤ 5) by a linear combination of k1 and the ki's in the last step, using the same procedure for computing the other ki's and y as in the standard R-K method. The advantages of the new method are: It re quires one less derivative evaluation, provides an error estimate at each step, gives more accurate results, and needs a minor change to switch to the RK to obtain the starting values. Experimental results are shown in verification of the for mula.

scholarly journals II.—General Theorems on Determinants

1880 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Thomas Muir
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Elementary Theorem ◽  
A Minor

The rows of a determinant of the nth order having been separated into two sets, one containing the first p rows and the other the rest, if each minor of the pth degree formed from the first set be multiplied by a minor, called its complementary, formed from the second set, and the result have its sign chosen in accordance with a certain law, it is well known as an elementary theorem that the aggregate of the products thus obtained is equal to the original determinant.

A Medieval Open Work

POETICA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 228-265
Author(s):  
Rafael Simian
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Umberto Eco ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Open Work ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
A Minor

Abstract Guigo II is commonly known and praised among specialists of Western mysticism for his Scala claustralium, a work that presents a spiritual program for cloistered monks. His Meditations, on the other hand, have usually been relegated to the margin of attention. The First Meditation, in particular, is generally regarded as a minor piece. The paper argues, however, that a new approach can make better sense of the First Meditation, while also enabling us to recognize its specific function and value. Seen from this new perspective, Guigo’s purpose with the text is to train and exercise his readers’ minds according to the spiritual program laid out in the Scala. The paper shows that the First Meditation realizes that goal, surprisingly, by having the same essential features that Umberto Eco found in the ‘open works’ of the Western avant-garde.

scholarly journals The diaries of John Byrom, M. A., F. R. S., and their relation to the pre-history of the Royal Society Club

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-183 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Of

The first record for Thursday, 27 October 1743,is an isolated entry written on a sheet of paper pasted on the inside cover of Minute Book No. 1; it lists the names of eight Members who each paid six shillings for the month to Mr Colebrook, the Treasurer, for four dinners to be ordered at i/6d.per head. The Treasurer had to order each Thursday ‘a dinner for six and pay nine shillings certain’ to the innkeeper of the Mitre Tavern in Fleet Street; ‘as many more as come to pay one-and-sixpence per head each’ but if more than six come, ‘the deficiency to be paid out of this Fund of -£2.8.0.’, the amount he had received that day. O f these eight men six were Fellows of the Royal Society and the other two became Fellows later.

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