Analysis of Carotenoids, Flavonoids and Essential Oil of Calendula officinalis Cultivars Growing in Estonia

Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is an annual ornamental plant with yellow to orange flowers which belongs the the Asteraceae family, its flowers are used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. The commercial samples of seeds (n=24) of C officinalis were cultivated in home gardens in Estonia. Total carotenoid contents, determined spectrophotometrically (λ=455 nm) in the inflorescences, varied from 0.7 to 2.7%, the cultivar with the highest carotenoid content was ‘Dracon’. The total content of flavonoids, determined spectrophotometrically (λ=370 nm), varied from 0.8% to 1.7%. The best cultivar contained almost maximum amount of total carotenoids (2.5%) and flavonoids (1.7%) was ‘Radio”. The oil yields of eight cultivars of C officinalis obtained were from 0.10 to 0.43%, the highest yield (0.43%) of the oil was obtained from the cultivar ‘Double Ball’. A total 70 compounds were identified and analysed by GC-MS in the essential oil of C officinalis, representing over 95% from total oil. The major components of the oils (>5%) of C. officinalis cultivars were α-cadinole (18.4-32.0%), γ-cadinene (9.7-18.9%), viridiflorol (2.0-10.0%), τ-cadinole (4.7-7.9%), δ-cadinole (3.3-5.6%), and γ-muurolene (0.8-5.1%). There is no clear relation between the colour of the inflorescences of C. officinalis and the total content of flavonoids and carotenoids. The chemotypes of essential oils of C. officinalis were not found among the cultivars studied.

Download Full-text

Content of Total Carotenoids in Calendula Officinalis L. from Different Countries Cultivated in Estonia

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0900400109 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ain Raal ◽

Kadri Kirsipuu ◽

Reelika Must ◽

Silvi Tenno

Keyword(s):

Calendula Officinalis ◽

Total Carotenoids ◽

Brownish Yellow ◽

Pot Marigold ◽

Calendula Officinalis L

The aim of the present study was to investigate the content of total carotenoids in different collections of pot marigold ( Calendula officinalis L.) inflorescences. Commercial seeds (42 samples) of C. officinalis were obtained from nine countries and cultivated in private gardens in three different counties of Estonia. The content of total carotenoids, determined spectrophotometrically (Λ=455 nm) varied in the investigated collections from 0.20 to 3.51%. The amount of pigments may depend on the type of plants, the importing company, the color of the ligulate and tubular florets, and the place and time of cultivation. For medicinal purposes, C. officinalis with brownish-yellow ligulate and tubular florets should be preferred. The best was found to be ‘Golden Emperor’ from Finland.

Download Full-text

Organic production of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) intercropped with pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0030-1264420 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 76 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M Jahan ◽

A Jahan

Keyword(s):

Organic Production ◽

Calendula Officinalis ◽

Matricaria Recutita ◽

Pot Marigold ◽

Calendula Officinalis L

Download Full-text

Screening of acute and sub-chronic dermal toxicity of Calendula officinalis L essential oil

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.07.027 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 98 ◽

pp. 184-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Arun K. Mishra ◽

Amrita Mishra ◽

Pragya ◽

Pronobesh Chattopadhyay

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Dermal Toxicity ◽

Calendula Officinalis ◽

Calendula Officinalis L

Download Full-text

Influence of nitrogen fertilization on the seed yield and the content and quality of fat in pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) cultivars

10.24326/as.2017.3.7 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 85-98

Author(s):

Beata Król

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Calendula Officinalis ◽

Pot Marigold ◽

Calendula Officinalis L

Download Full-text

Wpływ metod odchwaszczania plantacji na plonowanie i zawartość olejku w kwiatostanach wybranych odmian nagietka lekarskiego (Calendula officinalis L.)

Postępy Fitoterapii ◽

10.25121/pf.2020.21.1.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Romuald Mordalski ◽

Waldemar Buchwald ◽

Elżbieta Bilińska ◽

Hanna Zalińska ◽

Wojciech A. Kucharski

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Total Yield ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Raw Material ◽

Calendula Officinalis ◽

Medicinal Use ◽

Manual Weeding ◽

Calendula Officinalis L ◽

The Impact

Introduction. Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is an annual plants belongs to Asteraceae family. The species is widespread in the world and have a long tradition of medicinal use with multidirectional action. Aim. The field experiments were carried out to assess the impact of genetic (cultivar) and environmental factors on yielding variability and biosynthesis of essential oil in conditions of conventional cultivation of marigold after using different methods of plantation weeding. Material and methods. The research material were two cultivars of marigold such as Orange King and Indian Prince. The following activity were tested: 1) spraying of Fusilade Forte 150 EC (1 l • ha-1), 2) spraying Fusilade Forte 150 EC (1 l • ha-1) + manual weeding, 3) manual weeding, 4) no weeding – control. The scope of the research included assessment of marigold yield (inflorescence) and determination of the essential oil contents in dry mass of raw material. Results. Regardless of the cultivar, a non-chemical methods (mechanical weeding in interrows and manual in rows) gave the highest efficiency of weed control. Similar results observed after using chemical weeding with manual weeding. In these cases the yields were at least 2.5 times higher than obtained from the control. The total yield of dry mass of inflorescence for the above methods was 6.35 and 5.53 q • ha-1 for Orange King cultivars, slightly lower result obtained for cultivar of Indian Prince (4.81 and 4.12 q • ha-1). It was also shown that the content of essential oil in the raw material ranged from 0.25 to 0.37% and was independent from the cultivar. Conclusions. The Orange King cultivar of marigold yielded better than Indian Prince in analogous methods of plantation weeding. The highest effectiveness of weed plantation was found using a non-chemical method (mechanical weeding in interrows and manual weeding in rows) and using chemical weeding with manual weeding. It was shown that the content of essential oil in the inflorescences of both examined cultivars was similar.

Download Full-text