scholarly journals LC/DAD/MSn and ICP-AES Assay and Correlations between Phenolic Compounds and Toxic Metals in Endemic Thymus alsarensis from the Thallium Enriched Allchar Locality

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200
Author(s):  
Jasmina Petreska Stanoeva ◽  
Marina Stefova ◽  
Katerina Bačeva Andonovska ◽  
Trajče Stafilov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Salvianolic Acid ◽  
Polyphenolic Composition

Samples of Thymus alsarensis Ronniger, an endemic species for the Allchar locality, were evaluated for their polyphenolic composition and heavy metals. Allchar district is an abandoned antimony-arsenic-thallium deposit in the north-west of Kožuf Mountain, R. Macedonia, with a unique mineral composition affecting the mineral composition of the flora. A systematic method for phenolic compounds characterization was developed using mass spectrometry coupled to HPLC/DAD. Analyses were focused on the polyphenolic compounds to establish a possible correlation to the region specific heavy metals As and Tl in the different organs of T. alsarensis. Twenty-seven polyphenols: phenolic acid derivatives and flavonoid glycosides of luteolin, apigenin, quercetin, and kaempferol were detected; contents were higher in the leaves and flowers compared with stems and roots. Quinic acid (1), prolithospermic acid (6), salvianolic acid B (7), salvianolic acid A (8), monomethyl lithospermate (9), luteolin dihexoside (12), luteolin pentosyl-hexoside (14), luteolin acetyl pentosyl-hexoside (16), luteolin acetyl hexoside (17), luteolin dipentoside (21), luteolin pentoside (24), luteolin acetyl dipentoside (25), kaempferol pentosyl-hexoside (19) and kaempferol acetyl pentosyl-hexoside (22) were detected in T. alsarensis for the first time. To assay the content of As and Tl, root, stem, leaf and flower samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Significant accumulation of As and Tl was observed with As content from 0.25 to 140 mg/kg and Tl from 0.10 to 496 mg/kg. The content of As was much higher in the roots, while the content of Tl was significantly higher in the roots, flowers and leaves in all T. alsarensis specimens. Comparison of the results obtained for total polyphenols and for As and Tl content does not suggest any correlation (positive or negative) between the total phenolic content and the content of Tl and As. On the other hand, it is evident that the soil rich with specific heavy metals (Tl and As) affects the type of polyphenolic compounds produced in different organs, compared with other Thymus species growing on soil that is not contaminated.

scholarly journals Kumquat (Fortunella margarita): A Good Alternative for the Ingestion of Nutrients and Bioactive Compounds

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Clarice Silva e Souza ◽  
Pamella Cristine Anunciação ◽  
Ceres Mattos Della Lucia ◽  
Rosana Gonçalves Rodrigues das Dôres ◽  
Regina Célia Rodrigues de Miranda Milagres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber

Citrus fruit is preferred in the choice of consumers. Kumquat (F. margarita) is an unconventional citrus of increasing consumer interest because of its exotic flavor, and its functional potential that offers health benefits to consumers. It is a fruit traditionally consumed by whole fruit (peel and pulp), giving this fruit a distinctive flavor. For this reason, this study analyzed the physical, chemical, and nutritional characteristics of kumquat (peel and pulp). The physicochemical analysis was performed according to the Adolfo Lutz Institute. Analysis of moisture, ashes, macronutrients, and total dietary fiber was carried out according to AOAC. Minerals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Vitamins C and E, carotenoids and flavonoids were analyzed by HPLC. Phenolic compounds (Folin-Ciocalteu) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH) were determined by spectrophotometry. The kumquat had low pH, soluble solids content and low caloric value. It was a source of dietary fiber, minerals (K, Ca, P, Mg) and carotenoids; the most expressive was α-carotene (661.81 μg 100 g−1). The ascorbic acid concentration was 2326.24 μg 100 g−1. α-tocopherol (569.00 μg 100 g−1) was the most expressive component of vitamin E. There was a presence of apigenin and eriodictyol. The fruit (peel and pulp) has a high concentration of total phenolic compounds (98.55 ± 1.93 mg GAE 100 g−1) and good antioxidant capacity (62%) was found. Kumquat is a good source of fiber and vitamin A, and due to its antioxidant capacity and the presence of other essential and beneficial nutrients for a diet, consumption of kumquat can be suggested to complement the diet. This fruit is a viable food alternative, and its consumption should be encouraged, contributing a source of income, sovereignty, and food security.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Deposition Of Heavy Metals In Toronto

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yousaf
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Mercury Species ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Glass Surfaces

Atmospheric deposition rates of heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined from July 2009−December 2010 in downtown Toronto. Atmospheric deposition samples were collected using samplers with plastic, glass and water surfaces from two rooftops (15 m and 59 m above ground) in the city core of Toronto. Mercury species were analyzed using Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrophotometer (CVAFS) and the rest of metals were analyzed by acid digestion combined with Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results showed that the deposition of heavy metals was higher on water surface as compared to both the plastic and glass surfaces and that Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn showed higher deposition rates as compared to As, Cd, Co and Ni. The deposition rates were higher on Kerr Hall North (KHN) site indicating contribution from local sources. For total mercury (THg) and methyl mercury (MeHg), the deposition rates were higher on Jorgenson (JOR) site as compared to KHN site.

Polyphenols in Representative Teucrium Species in the Flora of R. Macedonia: LC/DAD/ESI-MSn Profile and Content

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilija Mitreski ◽  
Jasmina Petreska Stanoeva ◽  
Marina Stefova ◽  
Gjoshe Stefkov ◽  
Svetlana Kulevanova
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenylethanoid Glycosides ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Flavonoid Aglycones ◽  
Phenolic Profiles ◽  
Polyphenolic Profile

In the present work, the polyphenolic profile and content of four Teucrium species ( T. chamaedrys L., T. montanum L., T. polium L., T. scordium L.) from the Macedonian flora were examined. A LC/DAD/ESI-MS n chromatographic method was optimized and 31 phenolic compounds were identified, quantified and classified into four groups: hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (2), phenylethanoid glycosides (12), flavonoid glycosides (11) and flavonoid aglycones (6). The total phenolic content (mg/g dry herb) ranged from 28.2 ( T. montanum), 30.9 ( T. scordium), 35.1 ( T. polium) to 52.1 ( T. chamaedrys). Phenylethanoid glycosides were the predominant group of polyphenols in the studied samples contributing 60% of the total phenolic content for T. polium and T. scordium and around 90% for T. montanum and T. chamaedrys. The systematic analysis for identification and quantification of all present phenolic compounds contributes to the chemotaxonomy of the investigated Teucrium species and to the valorization based on their phenolic profiles and content.

scholarly journals Comparison of heavy metal accumulation capacity of some indigenous mosses in Southwest China cities: a case study in Chengdu city

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.E. Chen ◽  
S. Yuan ◽  
Y.Q. Su ◽  
L. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Accumulation Capacity ◽  
The Difference

In order to evaluate the accumulation capacity of heavy metals in mosses, the total contents of eight elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr) determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) methods were compared in four types of indigenous mosses (<i>Brachythecium plumosum, Eurhynchium laxirete, Taxiphyllum taxirameum, Haplocladium strictulum</i>), which were collected from different sampling sites in the Chengdu city, China. The study found that heavy metal concentrations showed significant differences in interspecies and intraspecies comparison, while the accumulation capacity of <i>T. taxirameum</i> was higher than others. ANOVA analysis indicated that the atmospheric pollution of heavy metals in Wangjiang Park was relatively more serious than that of Ta Zishan Park and Cultural Park. The data also showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in the Chengdu city were higher compared to some foreign cities. The results are coincident with the previous conclusions that the difference of heavy metal depositions in mosses was not only related to environment, but also to their biological features.

scholarly journals Flavonoids and Other Phenolic Compounds in Needles of Pinus peuce and Other Pine Species from the Macedonian Flora

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Karapandzova ◽  
Gjose Stefkov ◽  
Ivana Cvetkovikj ◽  
Jasmina Petreska Stanoeva ◽  
Marina Stefova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Phenolic Components ◽  
Total Flavonoids Content ◽  
Pinus Peuce ◽  
Pine Species

Flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in young needles of four pine species, Pinus peuce, P. nigra, P. mugo and P. sylvestris from the Macedonian flora were investigated. The amount of total phenols and total flavonoids were determined using Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminum chloride assay, respectively. The obtained results revealed that the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC) varied among different pine species ranging from 9.8 to 14.0 mg GAE/g and from 3.3 to 7.2 mg CE/g of dried plant material, respectively. Qualitative analysis of flavonoids and other phenolic components was made by a LC-DAD/ESI-MSn optimized chromatographic method. A total of 17 phenolic components were identified and classified as: acids (2), procyanidins (2) and flavonoid glycosides (13). The most prevalent components were flavonoid glycosides, especially flavonols and methylated flavonols (9). Additionally, 3 components were found as acylated flavonol glycosides with ferulic and p-coumaric acid. The last one was found not only in esterified form but also in the free form. Only one flavone-apigenin glycoside was detected. Procyanidins were identified as catechin derivatives, both dimers and trimers.

scholarly journals Comparison of Different Extraction Solvents for Characterization of Antioxidant Potential and Polyphenolic Composition in Boletus edulis and Cantharellus cibarius Mushrooms from Romania

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7508
Author(s):  
Melinda Fogarasi ◽  
Maria-Ioana Socaciu ◽  
Claudiu-Dan Sălăgean ◽  
Floricuța Ranga ◽  
Anca Corina Fărcaș ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Acidic Water ◽  
Boletus Edulis ◽  
Polyphenolic Composition

Edible mushrooms are well-known for their nutritional benefits and low energy density. In addition, mushroom extracts contain various bioactive compounds that account for their antioxidant activity; the applied extraction conditions influence the extraction efficiency of such compounds. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of four extractants on the content of polyphenols and antioxidant properties of Boletus edulis and Cantharellus cibarius mushrooms, aiming to optimize the extraction process. Powders of B. edulis and C. cibarius mushrooms were subjected to extraction with acidic water (10% CH3COOH), ethanol/water/acetic acid (15:76.5:8.5, v/v/v), hexane, and diethyl ether to measure their total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). Furthermore, the level of individual polyphenolic compounds in these extracts was quantified using an HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS method. Results showed that the type of solvent significantly influenced the TPC and TEAC of mushroom powder but insignificantly influenced the TFC. A very strong positive correlation was found between TPC and TEAC, but no correlation was found between TFC and TEAC or TPC and TFC. Acidic water extracted the highest amount of polyphenolic compounds from these mushroom powders. Therefore, the aqueous extract showed the highest TPC and strongest antioxidant activity. Thus, acidic water is recommended for polyphenol analysis in B. edulis and C. cibarius mushrooms.

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds of Mountain Tea from the Balkans: LC/DAD/ESI/MSn Profile and Content

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmina Petreska ◽  
Gjose Stefkov ◽  
Svetlana Kulevanova ◽  
Kalina Alipieva ◽  
Vassya Bankova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Neutral Loss ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenylethanoid Glycosides ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives

Twenty-one samples of Sideritis species ( S. scardica, S. raeseri, S. taurica, S. syriaca and S. perfoliata) from various locations on the Balkan Peninsula were evaluated for their chemical constituents. Chemical analyses were focused on secondary metabolites, particularly phenolic compounds, which have several roles in the plant physiological processes and have demonstrated significant health beneficial effects. The occurrence of hydroxycinnamic acids, phenylethanoid glycosides and flavonoids has been investigated in taxonomically related taxa of the genus Sideritis. A systematic method for phenolic compounds identification was developed using tandem mass spectrometry coupled to high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. Scanning for precursor ions of commonly found phenolics in Sideritis species using LC/MSn with an ion trap instrument permitted the specific determination of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, and phenylethanoid and flavonoid glycosides. Further characterization of each phenolic compound was performed using MS/MS production analysis and common–neutral-loss analysis. This online technique allowed identification of three hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, eight phenylethanoid glycosides, and twenty-four flavonoid glycosides. All the taxa analysed produced very similar phenolic patterns characterized by the presence of 5-caffeoylquinic acid, lavandulifolioside, verbascoside, hypolaetin 7- O-[6′”- O-acetyl]-allosyl(1→2)glucoside, apigenin 7-(4″- p-coumaroylglucoside), 4′- O-methylisoscutellarein 7- O-[6′”- O-acetyl]-allosyl(1→2)glucoside, and minor amounts of isoverbascoside, apigenin 7- O-allosyl(1→2)glucoside, isoscutellarein 7- O-allosyl-(1→2)-[6′- O-acetyl]-glucoside, hypolaetin 7- O-allosyl-(1→2)-[6″- O-acetyl]-glucoside and 4′- O-methylhypolaetin 7- O-[6′”- O-acetyl]-allosyl-(1→2)-[6′- O-acetyl]-glucoside. These results show that the investigated species are systematically very closely related. Phenylethanoid glycosides and flavonoid acetylglycosides are dominant and constitute 90% of the total phenolic compounds compared with hydroxycinnamic acid and flavonoid 7- O-glycosides. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed for the nature and content of the different compounds to be correlated to the particular Sideritis species and also to the locations.

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