scholarly journals Creatine Use in Sports

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Butts ◽  
Bret Jacobs ◽  
Matthew Silvis
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Google Search ◽  
Long Term Studies

Context: The use of creatine as a dietary supplement has become increasingly popular over the past several decades. Despite the popularity of creatine, questions remain with regard to dosing, effects on sports performance, and safety. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed was searched for articles published between 1980 and January 2017 using the terms creatine, creatine supplementation, sports performance, and dietary supplements. An additional Google search was performed to capture National Collegiate Athletic Association–specific creatine usage data and US dietary supplement and creatine sales. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: Short-term use of creatine is considered safe and without significant adverse effects, although caution should be advised as the number of long-term studies is limited. Suggested dosing is variable, with many different regimens showing benefits. The safety of creatine supplementation has not been studied in children and adolescents. Currently, the scientific literature best supports creatine supplementation for increased performance in short-duration, maximal-intensity resistance training. Conclusion: While creatine appears to be safe and effective for particular settings, whether creatine supplementation leads to improved performance on the field of play remains unknown.

Clinical Outcomes, Structure, and Function Improve With Both Heavy and Moderate Loads in the Treatment of Patellar Tendinopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 982-993
Author(s):  
Anne-Sofie Agergaard ◽  
Rene B. Svensson ◽  
Nikolaj M. Malmgaard-Clausen ◽  
Christian Couppé ◽  
Mikkel H. Hjortshoej ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Patellar Tendinopathy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Level Of Evidence

Background: Loading interventions have become a predominant treatment strategy for tendinopathy, and positive clinical outcomes and tendon tissue responses may depend on the exercise dose and load magnitude. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to investigate if the load magnitude influenced the effect of a 12-week loading intervention for patellar tendinopathy in the short term (12 weeks) and long term (52 weeks). We hypothesized that a greater load magnitude of 90% of 1 repetition maximum (RM) would yield a more positive clinical outcome, tendon structure, and tendon function compared with a lower load magnitude of 55% of 1 RM when the total exercise volume was kept equal in both groups. Study Design: Randomized clinical trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A total of 44 adult participants with chronic patellar tendinopathy were included and randomized to undergo moderate slow resistance (MSR group; 55% of 1 RM) or heavy slow resistance (HSR group; 90% of 1 RM). Function and symptoms (Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment–Patella questionnaire [VISA-P]), tendon pain during activity (numeric rating scale [NRS]), and ultrasound findings (tendon vascularization and swelling) were assessed before the intervention, at 6 and 12 weeks during the intervention, and at 52 weeks from baseline. Tendon function (functional tests) and tendon structure (ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging) were investigated before and after the intervention period. Results: The HSR and MSR interventions both yielded significant clinical improvements in the VISA-P score (mean ± SEM) (HSR: 0 weeks, 58.8 ± 4.3; 12 weeks, 70.5 ± 4.4; 52 weeks, 79.7 ± 4.6) (MSR: 0 weeks, 59.9 ± 2.5; 12 weeks, 72.5 ± 2.9; 52 weeks, 82.6 ± 2.5), NRS score for running, NRS score for squats, NRS score for preferred sport, single-leg decline squat, and patient satisfaction after 12 weeks, and these were maintained after 52 weeks. HSR loading was not superior to MSR loading for any of the measured clinical outcomes. Similarly, there were no differences in functional (strength and jumping ability) or structural (tendon thickness, power Doppler area, and cross-sectional area) improvements between the groups undergoing HSR and MSR loading. Conclusion: There was no superior effect of exercising with a high load magnitude (HSR) compared with a moderate load magnitude (MSR) for the clinical outcome, tendon structure, or tendon function in the treatment of patellar tendinopathy in the short term. Both HSR and MSR showed equally good, continued improvements in outcomes in the long term but did not reach normal values for healthy tendons. Registration: NCT03096067 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier)

The influence of mixtures of Stylosanthes spp. accessions on the occurrence of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Davis ◽  
S Chakraborty ◽  
DF Cameron ◽  
JAG Irwin ◽  
RM Boland
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Long Term Studies

The effectiveness of using accession mixtures of Stylosanthes spp. to manage anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) in pastures in northern Australia was examined during three consecutive years. Two mixtures containing six accessions were compared with the components grown as pure stands. No significant differences in anthracnose incidence (proportion of infected plants/plot) were indicated between the two mixtures and the mean incidence of their respective components grown in pure swards. Areas under the disease progress curves for the accessions were not significantly different between pure and mixed stands of the cultivars other than Seca and Verano. Resistant cultivar Seca developed more disease in a mixture than in a pure stand, and moderately resistant Verano had less disease in a mixture than in a pure stand. In the short term, no apparent anthracnose control advantage is achieved in highly susceptible accessions of Stylosanthes spp. when they are included in mixtures with less susceptible accessions. Long term studies involving grazing animals are necessary to adequately evaluate control of this disease through the use of mixtures.

scholarly journals Awareness of the Consumption of Dietary Supplements among Students in a University in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozaa Z. AlTamimi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Long Term Studies

The dietary supplement market in Saudi Arabia is growing alongside the number of Saudis consuming dietary supplements. It is therefore increasingly important for healthcare personnel to understand the consumption rate of dietary supplements, whether they are used wisely, and the know-how concerning their use and dosage. The purpose of this study was to clarify the overall awareness of dietary supplement consumption among female students of Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Using a descriptive approach, data were collected from 759 female students (mean age = 22.1 ± 1.7 years) via an electronic survey. All participants reported having consumed dietary supplements at some point, and 32.3% were taking them at the time of the survey. They took supplements primarily for aesthetic reasons (e.g., hair and skin health) and preferred purchasing supplements at pharmacies. Nearly all (89.9%) participants could define supplements correctly, and 43.6% reported that supplements improved health. More than half the sample believed that supplements are safe. While a large proportion of participants correctly identified the recommended number of daily servings of fruits and vegetables, relatively few actually consumed that recommended amount. More than one-third of participants consumed more than one type of supplement simultaneously, and more than half reported that they would use supplements when necessary in the future. The results of this study suggest a need for long-term studies on the consumption of nutritional supplements among Saudis and its impact on health.

Effectiveness of two tagging devices in the sea cucumber Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Ruber Rodríguez-Barreras ◽  
Julián López-Morell ◽  
Alberto M. Sabat
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pit Tag ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Pit Tags ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Term Studies

A reliable and harmless mark–recapture method provides valuable information for the management of commercial sea cucumber species. Nevertheless, marking and tracking sea cucumbers is notoriously difficult and represents a serious challenge. In this study, we tested one external and one internal tag in the sea cucumber Holothuria grisea. A passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag was inserted into the coelomic cavity in one treatment, whereas a T-bar (external tag) was attached in the upper surface of the body wall in the other treatment; sea cucumbers were then followed for 17 weeks. The tagging procedure caused no evisceration in the experimental groups, nor was a significant difference in growth rate found between treatments. The retention of the PIT tag was low, with 100% lost by Week 9. Retention of T-bars was higher, with 90% still attached by the end of the Week 8, but retention decreased thereafter as T-bar absorption increased. No relationship was found between initial weight and the number of weeks PIT tags (r=–0.173, P=0.781) or T-bars (r=–0.220, P=0.652) were retained. Neither the T-bar nor the PIT tags fulfilled the requirements of high retention required for long-term studies. However, we do recommend the use of T-bars for short-term studies for H. grisea under laboratory conditions or in a habitat with low substrate complexity.

Probabilistic Computational Analysis of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Leaflet Design

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kewei Li ◽  
Wei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Geometry Design ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve Leaflet ◽  
Improved Performance

Aortic stenosis (AS) is abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve which partially obstructs outflow of blood from the left ventricle to aorta. Symptomatic AS is associated with a high mortality rate, approximately 50% in the first 2 years, if left untreated [1, 2]. Transcatheter aortic valve (TAV) implantation has been recently developed as an effective endovascular treatment for high-risk AS patients, in which a stented bioprosthetic valve is deployed through a catheter within the diseased aortic valve. Since the first procedure in 2002 [3], there has been an explosive growth in TAV implantation. By the end of 2011, there were 10 TAV companies that had first-in-man implantation data [4]. More than 50,000 TAV implantations have been performed worldwide since 2007. Short-term and medium-term outcomes after TAV implantation are encouraging with significant reduction in rates of death. However, adverse events associated with TAV implantation were reported [5, 6]. Furthermore, long-term durability and safety of these devices are largely unknown and needed to be evaluated and studied carefully [7, 8]. It is widely accepted that valve designs that reduce leaflet stresses are likely to give improved performance in long-term applications. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of 2D TAV leaflet geometry design on 3D valve stress distribution using probabilistic computational simulation.

Topical Review: MACI as an Emerging Technology for the Treatment of Talar Osteochondral Lesions

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis J. Dekker ◽  
Brandon Erickson ◽  
Samuel B. Adams ◽  
Christopher E. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Osteochondral Lesions ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rates Of Return ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Chondrocyte Implantation ◽  
Autologous Chondrocyte

Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) is a viable procedure that can be used as both a primary or revision cartilage regenerative procedure in high-functioning individuals without tibiotalar arthritis. Both short-term and midterm follow-up results demonstrate clinical, radiographic, and functional improvements with high rates of return to full activities. Cost remains a chief concern with the use of this technique, but theoretical improvements in the durability of repair with type II cartilage replacement may offer long-term benefits. Level of Evidence: Level V, expert opinion.

Outcomes and complications after percutaneous release for trigger digits in diabetic and non-diabetic patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 735-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-K. Huang ◽  
J.-P. Wang ◽  
S.-T. Wang ◽  
Y.-A. Liu ◽  
Y.-C. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Evidence Level ◽  
Percutaneous Release ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

We compared the short-term (3 months) and long-term (2 years) outcomes and complications of percutaneous release of 187 trigger digits of 154 patients treated between 2009 and 2012, all treated by a single surgeon. The 154 patients included 48 patients with diabetes mellitus and 106 non-diabetic patients. The only short-term complication was pain, occurring in three digits (5%) in the diabetic patients and six digits (5%) in the non-diabetic patients. The long-term complications were pain in 15 digits (25%) in the diabetic patients and 18 digits (14%) in the non-diabetic patients. This was not significant ( p = 0.058). Recurrent triggering occurred in nine digits (15%) in the diabetic patients, which was significantly greater than the six digits (5%) in the non-diabetic patients ( p = 0.013). The non-diabetic patients were significantly more satisfied. Level of Evidence: level III

Nitrogen immobilization in decomposing litter contributes to productivity decline in ageing pastures of green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume)

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Robbins ◽  
J. J. Bushell ◽  
G. M. McKeon
Keyword(s):  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Study ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Short Term Study ◽  
N Release ◽  
Productivity Decline ◽  
Long Term Studies

SUMMARYThe extent and rate of N release from nylon bags containing green panic (Panicum maximumvar.trichoglume)litter was measured for up to 319 days (long-term studies) in 1978/79 and 1979/80 in Gayndah, Australia. Dry matter (DM) decomposition rates were measured in 41 periods of 39 days and related to environmental variables and initial litter N concentrations (short-term study).About half of litter DM decomposed during the long-term studies, while N concentration in the remaining litter increased from an initial average of 0–57 % N, to 0–95 % N. Net release of N from bags began when its concentration in the residue increased to c.0–65% N (or when the C:N ratio decreased to 75:1). Only a net 20–30 % of the initial N was released for potential plant uptake by the end of the study. The short-term study showed that DM decomposition was rapid and independent of pasture age. Decomposition rate increased with soil moisture and average daily temperature but was unaffected by initial litter N concentration. Release of N from decomposing litter was slow, despite rapid DM decomposition. It was concluded that a major cause of declining productivity in sown grass pastures is the immobilization of N in decomposing grass litter.

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