Challenged by Immunization Compliance? Five Steps for Nurses in Urban High Schools With Multilingual Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Lynda Boyer-Chu
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
School Level ◽  
Individual Student ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Require Time ◽  
Immunization Registry ◽  
Measles Vaccination

Immunization compliance can require time and resources not readily available to school nurses in urban schools. Furthermore, immunizations can be perceived as lower priority at the high school level. But communicable disease outbreaks, such as the one experienced across the United States with measles, highlight the important role of school nurses in compliance activities. Using a five-step process, a school nurse was able to update one urban high school’s database to more accurately reflect student measles vaccination compliance. An initial immunization database query indicated that 12% of approximately 2,000 enrolled students lacked even one measles-containing vaccine. A search through the state immunization registry and individual student educational folders revealed that 65% of these students actually had at least one measles vaccination. Remedies under consideration by the district in addressing this discrepancy are described. The remaining students (4% of total enrollment) required the additional steps of notification and intensive follow-up with students and their families. Within 2 months, fewer than 1% of students lacked a record of measles vaccination. The five steps presented can be adapted to achieve compliance with all required vaccines.

Considerations Regarding Anthropology in High School Curricula

1961 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Leeds
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Relativism ◽  
School Level ◽  
Western World ◽  
Total System ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Or Economics ◽  
School Curricula

Few courses in anthropology have been taught as such at the high school level in the United States. Nevertheless, both in high schools and in elementary schools, and more particularly in the private schools, information which the anthropologists consider their own special interest has been used. Thus, children may be taught information about the Eskimo, apparently the favorite culture to represent the non-Western world and almost undoubtedly the only primitive one existing in the curriculum-makers' Baedeker, although an occasional bow in made to the American plains or Southwest. Now and then, studies of the major Asian countries are made whose focus is cultural rather than properly geographical. Other cultures, ranging up to the most complex, ordinarily appear to be brought into a curriculum more as functions of the description of the locations inhabited by humans than as descriptions, informed by some conception as to the nature of culture, of the specific cultures themselves. In short, one may safely assert, I believe, that the students get some sense of the variations exhibited by societies but mostly as curiosa and oddities of peculiar peoples. They do not get a sense of the cultural necessities of variation and differences as these derive from the technological articulations with environment. Rather, variation and differences are presented as if they were more or less accidentally associated with particular kinds of geographic features. Children appear rarely to be taught that there is such a class of events as technologies which can systematically be studied like geography or economics. Rather, they become familiar only with technical activities which they see as scattered hither and yon rather planlessly on the earth's far-away surfaces, activities such as camel-herding here, rice-paddy planting there. Certainly they get no sense of the effects of technology as a formal determinant of social structure and as conditioners of ideologies; far less are they presented, or do they achieve, a notion of culture as a total system. Much less are they led to see culture as a system which operates by its own laws, which has its own distinguishing characteristics and process, and whose variants cannot be reduced to any known ultimate value hierarchy. Thus, by learning mere esoterica, they are prevented from learning the fundamental first step required of all anthropologists, the scientific and ethical principle of cultural relativism. Consequently, too, they are prevented from learning the kind of perspective on world, culture, and self which anthropology can afford.

Feasibility and Acceptability of Classroom-Based Interventions for Students With Emotional/Behavioral Challenges at the High School Level

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talida M. State ◽  
Judith R. Harrison ◽  
Lee Kern ◽  
Timothy J. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Study Skills ◽  
School Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Student ◽  
High School Level ◽  
School Students ◽  
Behavioral Challenges ◽  
Organizational Skills

Little is known about the feasibility and acceptability of interventions designed to address the needs of high school students with emotional and behavioral challenges and adopted by their teachers. In this study, 336 general and special education teachers rated classwide interventions (e.g., expectations, routines, positive student–teacher interactions [PSTI]) and individual student interventions (e.g., study skills, organizational skills) in terms of priority, feasibility, and acceptability before implementation. Teachers who implemented the interventions rated their acceptability post-implementation. Results indicated that acceptability ratings varied across interventions, and it appeared that teachers rated interventions that required the least amount of time to implement (e.g., PSTI) most acceptable and those that required the most time for implementation (e.g., study skills) least acceptable. Lack of time, perceived lack of effectiveness, and poor environmental fit were often cited as reasons for lack of feasibility. Regression analyses revealed that teacher characteristics (e.g., years of experience) and type of intervention (e.g., classwide vs. individualized) contributed to teacher ratings of intervention acceptability. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Comparing the Performance on the MI and SAT/PSAT for the Purpose of Monitoring Student Achievement

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 590-596
Author(s):  
Michael McDonald ◽  
◽  
Yulei Pang
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High Schools ◽  
High School Teachers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Student Growth ◽  
School Level ◽  
High School Level ◽  
School Year ◽  
School Time ◽  
Math Problems

This paper will discuss the correlation between the SAT and the Math Inventory Test. Many school districts adopted the Math Inventory as a tool to measure student growth from grades kindergarten through high school. The Math Inventory is a computer-administered test that gives students math problems spanning from counting to high school level math. When completed, the students are given a quantile measure, much like a Lexile score for reading skill. The purpose of this study is to figure out if success on the Math Inventory is a good indicator for performing well on the SAT. For most high schools around the United States, objectives and lessons are aligned with those of the SAT. The goal of high school teachers is for students to excel on the SAT so that they can go to college, which means the tests used in middle school should be aligned with that goal. If the Math Inventory is not, then it might not be a very good use of school time and resources. Data was analyzed from the 2017-2018 school year from ten different high schools in an urban school district to determine the correlation between Math Inventory score, and the math score/sub scores of SAT/PSAT. The value of the Pearson’s correlation coefficient is used to suggest a fairly moderate positive relationship between these two variables.

Association of Presence of a School Nurse With Increased Sixth-Grade Immunization Rates in Low-Income Arizona Schools in 2014–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 360-368
Author(s):  
J. Mac McCullough ◽  
Rebecca Sunenshine ◽  
Ramona Rusinak ◽  
Patty Mead ◽  
Bob England
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
School Level ◽  
Licensed Practical Nurse ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Immunization Rates ◽  
The Impact

School nurses often play large roles in implementation of school vaccination requirements aimed at controlling the spread of communicable disease. We analyzed the association between the presence of a school nurse and school-level vaccination rates in Arizona. Using school-level data from Arizona sixth-grade schools ( n = 749), we regressed average sixth-grade school-level immunization rates on presence of a school nurse (registered nurse [RN] or licensed practical nurse [LPN]) and school-level socioeconomic status (SES), controlling for other school- and district-level characteristics. Schools with a nurse had higher overall vaccination rates than those without a nurse (96.1% vs. 95.0%, p < .01). For schools in the lowest SES quartile, the presence of a school nurse was associated with approximately 2 percentage point higher immunization rates. These findings add to the growing literature that defines the impact of school nurses on student health status and outcomes, emphasizing the value of school nurses, especially in lower SES schools.

Curricular Choice and Adolescents’ Interest in Math: The Roles of Network Diversity and Math Identity

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Brian V. Carolan ◽  
Jamaal S. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Math Achievement ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Level ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Network Diversity ◽  
Curricular Choice

Background/Context Over the last two decades, school districts in the United States have increasingly allowed students and their families to choose the schools they attend and, at the high school level, the courses they take. While the movement to provide more curricular choice for students and families has accelerated, so, too, has the policy emphasis on increasing students’ math achievement. The increased emphases on curricular choice and math achievement provide an opportunity to examine how students draw on their social capital when making curricular choices and whether the diversity of their relational resources is associated with math achievement. Purpose We build from a social capital framework to examine how students who are able to exercise curricular choice do so by drawing on their social networks and how the resources accessible through these networks, operationalized as network diversity, are associated with math achievement. We also examine how this relationship varies by students’ math interest; an important individual-level characteristic that we hypothesize moderates the influence of network diversity on math achievement. Setting Data for this study are from the restricted-use version of the High School Longitudinal Survey of 2009 (HSLS: 09), the fifth in a series of National Center for Education Statistics’ multisource, secondary longitudinal studies. For this study, we rely on cross-sectional base-year data (2009) when all students were in Grade 9. Participants Our analytic sample consists of those students who: (1) were enrolled in and able to select their fall 2009 math course; (2) have valid scores on the dependent variable; and (3) have no missing values on items that constitute the independent variable-of-interest, network diversity. This subsampling strategy resulted in a final weighted, analytic sample of 5,570 students in 920 schools. Research Design Secondary analysis of cross-sectional observational survey data. Data Analysis Multilevel models with random intercepts are used to estimate students’ math achievement and properly adjust for the nested nature of the data. The models include controls for the HSLS stratified sampling design and for the probability of selection for individuals. Results After controlling for student- and school-level covariates, results indicate that our operational measure of social capital, network diversity, is significantly associated with math achievement. We also find that math interest significantly moderates this relationship, indicating that the presumed returns of social capital vary by this important non-cognitive characteristic. Conclusions Social capital in the form of network diversity helps all students reach resource-or information-rich contacts, such as teachers and counselors. However, by examining how math interest moderates the relation between network diversity and math achievement, we directly locate our work within an underappreciated theoretical niche that explicitly links how the presumed returns of social capital vary by student-level non-cognitive characteristics (e.g., math interest). Network diversity helps all students reach resource- or information-rich contacts including teachers and counselors. However, this does not guarantee that all students will see comparable returns. Results are further discussed in relation to schools’ curricular choice policies.

Beyond Test Scores: “School Quality or Student Success” in State ESSA Plans

2021 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
John Portz
Keyword(s):  
Student Success ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
School Quality ◽  
School Level ◽  
Individual Student ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
High School Level ◽  
New School ◽  
Accountability Measures

Background The federal Every Student Succeeds Act requires states to develop accountability measures in five indicator areas, including the new “school quality or student success” category. States also provide relative weights for each indicator. Research Questions This new indicator is an opportunity to further develop multiple accountability measures beyond the common focus on test scores. How did states respond to this opportunity? Why did states respond differently? Research Design A review of state ESSA plans is followed by regression analyses to help explain the different weights given by states to accountability indicators. Findings The average weight assigned to this new indicator is 11% at the elementary level and 20% at the high school level. There is a strong preference for measures of student success rather than institution-based measures of school quality. States giving this indicator the greatest weight are most influenced by a tradition of policy liberalism and, to a lesser degree, NAEP scores. Conclusion Most states are taking a limited and cautious approach to this new indicator. They continue an emphasis on test measures and assessing individual student performance. In a smaller number of states, there is a more significant movement toward the use of multiple accountability measures.

scholarly journals Creating opportunities for science PhDs to pursue careers in high school education

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3292-3296
Author(s):  
Kari M. H. Doyle ◽  
Ronald D. Vale
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
The United States ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
School Education ◽  
High School Education ◽  
School Level ◽  
High School Level ◽  
National Research Council Report ◽  
K 12

The United States is confronting important challenges at both the early and late stages of science education. At the level of K–12 education, a recent National Research Council report (Successful K–12 STEM Education) proposed a bold restructuring of how science is taught, moving away from memorizing facts and emphasizing hands-on, inquiry-based learning and a deeper understanding of the process of science. At higher levels of training, limited funding for science is leading PhDs to seek training and careers in areas other than research. Might science PhDs play a bigger role in the future of K–12 education, particularly at the high school level? We explore this question by discussing the roles that PhDs can play in high school education and the current and rather extensive barriers to PhDs entering the teaching profession and finally suggest ways to ease the entrance of qualified PhDs into high school education.

scholarly journals US STUDENT PERFORMANCE IN SCIENCE: A REVIEW OF THE FOUR MAJOR SCIENCE ASSESSMENTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
Susan Poland ◽  
Linda Plevyak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Level ◽  
Scientific Content ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Science Assessments ◽  
College Bound Students ◽  
Scientific Skills

The purpose of this research is to review the nature of four major science assessments administered in the United States: the ACT, PISA, TIMSS, and NAEP. Each assessment provides a very different view into US student performance in science. The TIMSS and PISA are international assessments of student performance and are often cited as evidence that US students are underperforming in comparison to their international peers. The NAEP is used to assess student knowledge of science across multiple age ranges in the United States. Finally, the ACT is administered to college-bound students who elect to take the exam. The underlying philosophies and basic structures of each assessment are explored, and comparisons and contrasts between the assessments are drawn. Historical student performance on each assessment is also analyzed. Analysis of these assessments suggests that US students struggle to apply scientific skills at the high school level, while US middle and elementary students understand scientific content knowledge well. Key words: student performance; science assessment; STEM education; standardized testing.

scholarly journals State-Level Implementation of Health and Safety Policies to Prevent Sudden Death and Catastrophic Injuries Within High Schools: An Update

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110318
Author(s):  
Samantha E. Scarneo-Miller ◽  
Christianne M. Eason ◽  
William M. Adams ◽  
Rebecca L. Stearns ◽  
Douglas J. Casa
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Level ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Mandated sports safety policies that incorporate evidence-based best practices have been shown to mitigate the risk of mortality and morbidity in sports. In 2017, a review of the state-level implementation of health and safety policies within high schools was released. Purpose: To provide an update on the assessment of the implementation of health and safety policies pertaining to the leading causes of death and catastrophic injuries in sports within high school athletics in the United States. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A rubric composed of 5 equally weighted sections for sudden cardiac arrest, traumatic head injuries, exertional heatstroke, appropriate health care coverage, and emergency preparedness was utilized to assess an individual state’s policies. State high school athletic/activities association (SHSAA) policies, enacted legislation, and Department of Education policies were extensively reviewed for all 50 states and the District of Columbia between academic year (AY) 2016-2017 (AY16/17) and 2019-2020 (AY19/20). To meet the specific rubric criteria and be awarded credit, policies needed to be mandated by all SHSAA member schools. Weighted scores were tabulated to calculate an aggregate score with a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 100. Results: A total of 38 states had increased their rubric scores since AY16/17, with a mean increase of 5.57 ± 6.41 points. In AY19/20, scores ranged from 30.80 to 85.00 points compared with 23.00 to 78.75 points in AY16/17. Policies related to exertional heatstroke had the greatest change in scores (AY16/17 mean, 6.62 points; AY19/20 mean, 8.90 points; Δ = 2.28 points [11.40%]), followed by emergency preparedness (AY16/17 mean, 8.41 points; AY19/20 mean, 10.29 points; Δ = 1.88 points [9.40%]). Conclusion: A longitudinal review of state high school sports safety policies showed progress since AY16/17. A wide range in scores indicates that continued advocacy for the development and implementation of policies at the high school level is warranted.

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