Personality and Walking Speed Across Adulthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 773-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Stephan ◽  
Angelina R. Sutin ◽  
Gabriel Bovier-Lapierre ◽  
Antonio Terracciano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wisconsin Longitudinal Study ◽  
Robust Evidence ◽  
Retirement Study

Walking speed is one marker of health in adulthood. Although personality may contribute to gait speed, there is limited longitudinal data on this association. Thus, the present study examined whether personality traits are prospectively associated with walking speed among middle aged and older adults. Participants were adults aged from 25 to 100 years old ( N > 15,000) drawn from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study Graduate and Sibling samples, the Midlife in the United States Survey, the Health and Retirement Study, and the National Health and Aging Trends Survey. Across most samples and in a meta-analysis, lower neuroticism and higher extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness at baseline were prospectively related to faster gait speed. In the HRS, lower neuroticism and higher extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness were related to slower gait speed decline. This study provides robust evidence that walking speed in adulthood reflects, in part, the individual’s personality.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Financial Fraud and Scams Among Older Adults in the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (8) ◽  
pp. e13-e21 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Burnes ◽  
Charles R. Henderson ◽  
Christine Sheppard ◽  
Rebecca Zhao ◽  
Karl Pillemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Fraud

scholarly journals Urban-rural differences in the prevalence of muscle weakness and slow gait speed: A cross-sectional analysis from the NHANES (2001-2002 and 2011-2014)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
J.J. Aziz ◽  
K.F. Reid ◽  
J.A. Batsis ◽  
R.A. Fielding
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Muscle Weakness ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Comorbidity Burden ◽  
Urban Rural

Background: Older adults living in rural areas suffer from health inequities compared to their urban counterparts. These include comorbidity burden, poor diet, and physical inactivity, which are also risk factors for sarcopenia, for which muscle weakness and slow gait speed are domains. To date, no study has examined urban-rural differences in the prevalence of muscle weakness and slow gait speed in older adults living in the United States. Objective: To compare the prevalence of grip strength weakness and slow gait speed between urban and rural older adults living in the United States. Design: A cross-sectional, secondary data analysis of two cohorts from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), using gait speed or grip strength data, and urban-rural residency, dietary, examination, questionnaire and demographic data. Participants: 2,923 adults (≥ 60 yrs.). Measures: Grip weakness was defined as either, an absolute grip strength of <35 kg. and <20 kg. or grip strength divided by body mass index (GripBMI) of <1.05 and <0.79 for men and women, respectively. Slow gait speed was defined as a usual gait speed of ≤0.8m/s. Results: The prevalence of GripBMI weakness was significantly higher in urban compared to rural participants (27.4% vs. 19.2%; p=0.001), whereas their absolute grip strength was lower (31.75(±0.45) vs. 33.73(±0.48)). No urban-rural differences in gait speed were observed. Conclusions: Older adults residing in urban regions of the United States were weaker compared to their rural counterparts. This report is the first to describe urban-rural differences in handgrip strength and slow gait speed in older adults living in the United States.

scholarly journals Memory and Personality Development in Adulthood: Evidence From Four Longitudinal Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
Yannick Stephan ◽  
Angelina R Sutin ◽  
Martina Luchetti ◽  
Antonio Terracciano
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Wisconsin Longitudinal Study

Abstract Objectives Personality traits have been related to concurrent memory performance. Most studies, however, have focused on personality as a predictor of memory; comparatively less is known about whether memory is related to personality development across adulthood. Using 4 samples, the present study tests whether memory level and change are related to personality change in adulthood. Method Participants were drawn from 2 waves of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study Graduates (WLSG; N = 3,232, mean age = 64.28, SD = 0.65) and Wisconsin Longitudinal Study Siblings (WLSS; N = 1,570, mean age = 63.52, SD = 6.69) samples, the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS; N = 1,901, mean age = 55.43, SD = 10.98), and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; N = 6,038, mean age = 65.47, SD = 8.28). Immediate and delayed recall and the 5 major personality traits were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Results There was heterogeneity in the associations across samples. A meta-analysis of latent change in the four samples indicated that lower baseline memory performance was related to an increase in neuroticism (B = −0.002; 95% CI = −0.004, −0.0008) and a decrease in agreeableness (B = 0.004; 95% CI = 0.002, 0.007) and conscientiousness (B = 0.005; 95% CI = 0.0008, 0.010). In addition, declines in memory were related to steeper declines in extraversion (B = 0.06; 95% CI = 0.003, 0.11), openness (B = 0.04; 95% CI = 0.007, 0.069), and conscientiousness (B = 0.05; 95% CI = 0.019, 0.09). Discussion The present study indicates that poor memory and declines in memory over time are related to maladaptive personality change. These associations, however, were small and inconsistent across samples.

Perceived neighbourhood safety and volunteerism among older adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Erin G. Grinshteyn ◽  
Judith A. Sugar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Perceptions Of Safety ◽  
Fair Poor ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Previous research shows the benefits of volunteerism to individuals and communities. The purpose of this study was to determine whether lower perceived neighbourhood safety is associated with reduced volunteerism and whether this association differs by sex. Data from the 2008 Health and Retirement Study in the United States of America were used (N = 13,009 adults 60 years and older). Multivariate logistic regression models were estimated to assess the association between perceived neighbourhood safety and volunteerism while controlling for potential confounders. Perceived neighbourhood safety was associated with volunteering. The odds of volunteering were higher for those rating their perceived neighbourhood safety as excellent compared with those rating their perceived neighbourhood safety as fair/poor. Those rating their perceived neighbourhood safety as very good also had greater odds of volunteering than those rating their perceived neighbourhood safety as fair/poor. Results differed somewhat by gender. Men who perceived their neighbourhood safety as excellent had increased odds of volunteering. The association of neighbourhood safety with volunteerism was significant for women rating their perceived neighbourhood safety as excellent or very good. Among men, being married was associated with increased odds of volunteering; being completely or partly retired was associated with increased odds of volunteering among women. Initiatives aimed at improving older adults’ perceptions of safety would help improve volunteerism, which is beneficial to both older adults and communities.

scholarly journals Urban-Rural Differences in Sarcopenia Prevalence and Nutritional Risk Factors: The NHANES (2001–2002 and 2011–2014)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 272-272
Author(s):  
Jason Aziz ◽  
Kieran Reid ◽  
John Batsis ◽  
Roger Fielding
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rural Residency ◽  
Urban Rural

Abstract Background: Older adults living in rural areas experience health inequities compared to their urban counterparts. These include comorbidities, poor diet and physical inactivity; known risk factors for sarcopenia. No studies examining urban-rural differences in the prevalence of sarcopenia and slow gait speed among older adults in the United States exist. Objective: To compare the prevalence of sarcopenia and slow gait speed between urban and rural older adults living in the United States. As a secondary aim, we examined relationships between rural residency, total energy and total protein on gait speed and grip strength. Methods: We performed a secondary data analysis of two cohorts in the continuous NHANES (2001-2002 and 2011-2014), using gait speed or grip strength data, along with urban-rural status, dietary, examination, questionnaire and demographic data in older (≥ 60 yrs.) adults. Results: The prevalence of GripBMI weakness was higher in urban vs. rural participants (27.4% vs. 19.2%), whereas their absolute grip strength was lower (31.75(±0.45) vs. 33.73(±0.48)). Total energy, total protein and relative protein intakes were similar between urban and rural participants. Total energy intake was associated with gait speed and grip strength. Conclusions: Older adults living in urban areas of the United States, were weaker compared to their rural counterparts. Rural residency was not associated with gait speed or grip strength. Total energy intake was associated with slower gait speed but higher grip strength. This report is the first to examine urban-rural differences in sarcopenia and slow gait speed in older adults living in the United States.

scholarly journals Hearing loss and gait speed among older adults in the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingsheng Li ◽  
Eleanor M. Simonsick ◽  
Luigi Ferrucci ◽  
Frank R. Lin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
The United States
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document